SPCE 630 Final Exam prep, SPCE 630 Exa
g g g g g g g
ms Questions and Answers (2023/2024) w
g g g g g
ith Certified Solutions
g g
visualganalysisgofggraphedgdatag-
gCORRECTg ANSWERg isgthegcornerstonegofgandgmostgfrequentlygusedgdataganalys
isgmethodgingSCDgresearch,gparticularlygforgdetermininggwhethergagstudygdemon
stratesgexperimentalgcontrol.
involvesgsystematicgproceduresgusedgtogevaluategspecificgcharacteristicsgofgdatag
patternsgandgevaluategthegpresencegofgagfunctionalgrelation.
advantagesgofgvisualganalysisg-gCORRECTg ANSWERg -
cangbegusedgtogevaluategdatagofgindividualsgorgsmallggroupsgdependinggongthegun
itgofganalysisgspecifiedgingthegresearchgquestion.
-
datagaregcollectedgrepeatedly,ggraphedgasgtheygaregcollected,gandganalyzedgfrequ
ently
-focusesgonganalysisgofgindividualgdatagpatterns
-
discoverygofgpotentiallyginterestinggfindingsgthatgmaygnotgbegdirectlygrelatedgtogt
hegoriginalgresearchgquestiongorgprogramgobjective.
-
graphicgpresentationgofgdatagpermitsgindependentganalysisgandginterpretationgo
fgresults
formativegvisualganalysisg-
gCORRECTg ANSWERg conductedgwithingandgacrossgconditionsgtogidentifygbehavi
orgchangegduringgthegcoursegofgagstudy.
,behaviorgchangeg-
gCORRECTg ANSWERg occursgwhengdatagpatternsgingonegconditiongaregdifferentgfr
omgdatagpatternsgingthegsubsequent,gadjacentgconditiongforgthegsamegvariable(s).
summativegvisualganalysisg-
gCORRECTg ANSWERg conductedgfollowinggstudygcompletion,gacrossgmultiplegop
portunitiesgtogdemonstrategbehaviorgchangegtogdeterminegwhethergagfunctionalg
relationgexistsgbetweengthegindependentgvariablegandgthegdependentgvariable.
adjacentgconditionsg-
gCORRECTg ANSWERg ingSCDgresearch,gdatagpatternsgaregexaminedgwithingandgac
rossgadjacentgconditions;gwhengdatagingonegconditiongdiffergfromgwhatgisgpredict
edgbasedgongthegprecedinggcondition,gbehaviorgchangegisgdemonstrated.
formativeganalysisgisgconductedgingtwogstepsg-
gCORRECTg ANSWERg 1.gwithingandgacrossgadjacentgconditionganalyses
2.gsystematicgexaminationgofgspecificgdatagcharacteristics
withingconditiongvisualganalysesg-
gCORRECTg ANSWERg aregconductedgtogdiscerngpatternsgwithingagsinglegcondition
gduringgagstudy.gwithingconditiongvisualganalysesgofglevel,gtrend,gandgvariability/s
tabilitygaregcriticalgforgdetermininggwhengtogchangegconditions,gdecidinggwhethe
rgadaptationsgneedgtogbegmade,gandgprovidingginformationgrelatedgtogansweringg
researchgquestions.
beginninggwithgtheginitialgcondition,gtypicallygbaseline,gyougshouldglookgfor
gstabilitygofgdatagacrossgagminimumgofgatgleastgthreegtogfivegsessionsgpriorgt
ogchanginggconditions.
conditiongchangegcriteriag-
gCORRECTg ANSWERg shouldgbegmadegagpriorigbasedgonghypothesizedgdatagpatte
rns.gthesegcriteriagwillgguidegbothgformativegandgsummativegdecisionsgaboutgex
perimentalgcontrol.
,levelg-
gCORRECTg ANSWERg refersgtogthegamountgofgbehaviorgthatgoccurs,gasgindicatedg
bygthegordinategscalegvalue.gthegcharacteristicgofghighestginterestgforgbehaviorgch
ange,gandgisggenerallygdescribedgasglow,gmoderate,gorghigh.
trendg-
gCORRECTg ANSWERg thegslopegandgdirectiongofgagdatagseriesgorgthegdirectiongdat
agaregmovinggovergtime.gthreegcharacteristicsgcangbegdescribed:gtrendgdirections,
gtrendgmagnitude,gandgtrendgstability.
trendgdirectiong-
gCORRECTg ANSWERg referredgtogasgaccelerating,gdecelerating,gorgzerogcelebrat
ing.gtrendgcangfurthergbegcharacterizedgbygmagnitude,gandgisgoftengdescribedg
asgsteepgorggradualgandgpairedgwithgdirection.galsogdescribegwhethergthegdirec
tiongofgagtrendgisgimprovingg(therapeutic)gorgdeterioratingg(contra-
therapeutic).
contragtherapeuticgtrendg-
gCORRECTg ANSWERg representsgagcommongdatagpatterngingSCDgdatagthatgmightg
occurgwithingagconditiongandgparticularlygpriorgtogthegintroductiongofgthegindepe
ndentgvariable.gthisgrefersgtogtrendsgthatgaregingthegoppositegdirectiongofgtheghyp
othesizedgdirectiongofgimprovementgandgcangestablishgneedgforgthegintervention
.
variabilityg-
gCORRECTg ANSWERg fluctuationgfromgonegdatagpointgtogthegnextgandgisgthegopp
ositegofgstability;gingdatagwithgnogtrend,gthisgcangbegsummarizedgasgthegrangegofg
datagvaluesgwithingagconditiongorgasgthegpercentagegofgdatagpointsgfallinggwithin
gaggivengstabilitygenvelope
stabilityg-
gCORRECTg ANSWERg isgpredictabilitygandgconsistencygofgdatagvaluesgwithingagco
, ndition.gperceptionsgofgthisgcangbeginfluencedgbygscalesgandgrangesgofgygaxes.
g g g g g g g
ms Questions and Answers (2023/2024) w
g g g g g
ith Certified Solutions
g g
visualganalysisgofggraphedgdatag-
gCORRECTg ANSWERg isgthegcornerstonegofgandgmostgfrequentlygusedgdataganalys
isgmethodgingSCDgresearch,gparticularlygforgdetermininggwhethergagstudygdemon
stratesgexperimentalgcontrol.
involvesgsystematicgproceduresgusedgtogevaluategspecificgcharacteristicsgofgdatag
patternsgandgevaluategthegpresencegofgagfunctionalgrelation.
advantagesgofgvisualganalysisg-gCORRECTg ANSWERg -
cangbegusedgtogevaluategdatagofgindividualsgorgsmallggroupsgdependinggongthegun
itgofganalysisgspecifiedgingthegresearchgquestion.
-
datagaregcollectedgrepeatedly,ggraphedgasgtheygaregcollected,gandganalyzedgfrequ
ently
-focusesgonganalysisgofgindividualgdatagpatterns
-
discoverygofgpotentiallyginterestinggfindingsgthatgmaygnotgbegdirectlygrelatedgtogt
hegoriginalgresearchgquestiongorgprogramgobjective.
-
graphicgpresentationgofgdatagpermitsgindependentganalysisgandginterpretationgo
fgresults
formativegvisualganalysisg-
gCORRECTg ANSWERg conductedgwithingandgacrossgconditionsgtogidentifygbehavi
orgchangegduringgthegcoursegofgagstudy.
,behaviorgchangeg-
gCORRECTg ANSWERg occursgwhengdatagpatternsgingonegconditiongaregdifferentgfr
omgdatagpatternsgingthegsubsequent,gadjacentgconditiongforgthegsamegvariable(s).
summativegvisualganalysisg-
gCORRECTg ANSWERg conductedgfollowinggstudygcompletion,gacrossgmultiplegop
portunitiesgtogdemonstrategbehaviorgchangegtogdeterminegwhethergagfunctionalg
relationgexistsgbetweengthegindependentgvariablegandgthegdependentgvariable.
adjacentgconditionsg-
gCORRECTg ANSWERg ingSCDgresearch,gdatagpatternsgaregexaminedgwithingandgac
rossgadjacentgconditions;gwhengdatagingonegconditiongdiffergfromgwhatgisgpredict
edgbasedgongthegprecedinggcondition,gbehaviorgchangegisgdemonstrated.
formativeganalysisgisgconductedgingtwogstepsg-
gCORRECTg ANSWERg 1.gwithingandgacrossgadjacentgconditionganalyses
2.gsystematicgexaminationgofgspecificgdatagcharacteristics
withingconditiongvisualganalysesg-
gCORRECTg ANSWERg aregconductedgtogdiscerngpatternsgwithingagsinglegcondition
gduringgagstudy.gwithingconditiongvisualganalysesgofglevel,gtrend,gandgvariability/s
tabilitygaregcriticalgforgdetermininggwhengtogchangegconditions,gdecidinggwhethe
rgadaptationsgneedgtogbegmade,gandgprovidingginformationgrelatedgtogansweringg
researchgquestions.
beginninggwithgtheginitialgcondition,gtypicallygbaseline,gyougshouldglookgfor
gstabilitygofgdatagacrossgagminimumgofgatgleastgthreegtogfivegsessionsgpriorgt
ogchanginggconditions.
conditiongchangegcriteriag-
gCORRECTg ANSWERg shouldgbegmadegagpriorigbasedgonghypothesizedgdatagpatte
rns.gthesegcriteriagwillgguidegbothgformativegandgsummativegdecisionsgaboutgex
perimentalgcontrol.
,levelg-
gCORRECTg ANSWERg refersgtogthegamountgofgbehaviorgthatgoccurs,gasgindicatedg
bygthegordinategscalegvalue.gthegcharacteristicgofghighestginterestgforgbehaviorgch
ange,gandgisggenerallygdescribedgasglow,gmoderate,gorghigh.
trendg-
gCORRECTg ANSWERg thegslopegandgdirectiongofgagdatagseriesgorgthegdirectiongdat
agaregmovinggovergtime.gthreegcharacteristicsgcangbegdescribed:gtrendgdirections,
gtrendgmagnitude,gandgtrendgstability.
trendgdirectiong-
gCORRECTg ANSWERg referredgtogasgaccelerating,gdecelerating,gorgzerogcelebrat
ing.gtrendgcangfurthergbegcharacterizedgbygmagnitude,gandgisgoftengdescribedg
asgsteepgorggradualgandgpairedgwithgdirection.galsogdescribegwhethergthegdirec
tiongofgagtrendgisgimprovingg(therapeutic)gorgdeterioratingg(contra-
therapeutic).
contragtherapeuticgtrendg-
gCORRECTg ANSWERg representsgagcommongdatagpatterngingSCDgdatagthatgmightg
occurgwithingagconditiongandgparticularlygpriorgtogthegintroductiongofgthegindepe
ndentgvariable.gthisgrefersgtogtrendsgthatgaregingthegoppositegdirectiongofgtheghyp
othesizedgdirectiongofgimprovementgandgcangestablishgneedgforgthegintervention
.
variabilityg-
gCORRECTg ANSWERg fluctuationgfromgonegdatagpointgtogthegnextgandgisgthegopp
ositegofgstability;gingdatagwithgnogtrend,gthisgcangbegsummarizedgasgthegrangegofg
datagvaluesgwithingagconditiongorgasgthegpercentagegofgdatagpointsgfallinggwithin
gaggivengstabilitygenvelope
stabilityg-
gCORRECTg ANSWERg isgpredictabilitygandgconsistencygofgdatagvaluesgwithingagco
, ndition.gperceptionsgofgthisgcangbeginfluencedgbygscalesgandgrangesgofgygaxes.
