ALL BIOTECH EXAM #2 for complete excellence!
1921 - Insulin was isolated and clinically used successfully for the first time in _______.
Canadian - ______________ physicians and researchers are credited with discovering and
developing insulin as a medication to treat diabetes
Eli Lilly and Company - Who was the first contract company to purify insulin
Porcine or bovine pancreatic - Until 1982, all insulin was isolated from ____________ or
__________ ____________
Hexamer - Insulin is a natural ____________
Zinc - Insulin is held together by a _________ ion
Beta cells of the islets of Langerhans’s - Insulin is stored as a natural hexamer and held
together by a zinc ion in what?
Stabilizing the insulin hexamer and forming poorly soluble aggregates/crystalline forms of
insulin - Several formations of insulin have been developed to slow-down in the entry of
insulin into the circulation after subcutaneous injection. How is this achieved?
Zinc and/or phenols (Cresol) - The addition of what forms an amorphous precipitate
Protamine - Addition of ___________ to insulin forms an amorphous precipitate
True - (True/False) Insulin crystals can be grown to specific sizes and crystal forms
,D (all of the above) - Insulin preparations can be produced based on which following
formulations
A. Regular
B. Intermediate
C. Long-Acting
D. All of the above
Engineered - Differently formulated insulin preparations have been used exclusively before
_____________ insulin variants were introduced after 1996
True - (True/False) NPH Insulin and regular insulin are still staple insulin formulations in the
US and around the world.
Lente - ___________ Insulins have been replaced by engineered insulin variants in the US
but are still used outside the US.
False - (True/False) NPH cannot be mixed with regular insulin variants
Biologically Active - Insulin has dissociate and to form monomers to be _____________
_____________.
1920s - Animal derived insulin has been used since the early _______.
1982 - Recombinant human insulin was introduced in ______
Zinc coordinated hexamer - Naturally occurring (endogenous) insulin is a __________
__________ __________.
,Phenols (cresols) - The addition of ___________ further stabilizes insulin hexamers
True - (True/False) Engineered insulin analogs show faster release kinetics when insulin
hexamers/dimers are
destabilized by specific mutations in the insulin sequence
True - (True/False) Engineered insulin variant show slower release kinetics when insulin
hexamers / dimers or oligomers are stabilized by chemical addition of long chain fatty acid
(C14, C16) to the insulin molecule (insulin deludes, insulin detemir)
pie - Changing the ______, and thus the solubility of insulin at physiological pH, is another
strategy to slow down the release of insulin from the injection site into the circulation.
Mutations - To change the pie, and thus the solubility of insulin, specific __________ and
additional residues are added to the insulin sequence
True - (True/False) Inhalation insulin is identical to the native human sequence but entered
the circulation through the lungs
False - (True/False) Inhaled insulin acts faster than injection insulins
Does not - A lot of inhaled insulin ___________ (does/does not) reach the circulation
B (1920s) - When was insulin developed as a medication?
A. 1900s
B. 1920s
C. 1940s
, D. 1980s
B (mature insulin consists of two peptide chains) - Which of the following is true?
A. Mature insulin consists of three peptide chains
B. Mature insulin consists of two peptide chains
C. Mature insulin consists of one peptide chain
D. Insulin is glycosylated
E. Insulin is a transmembrane protein
B (1:1) - The molar ratio between mature insulin and C-peptide is?
A. 2:1
B. 1:1
C. 1:2
D. Unrelated
C (Zinc) - What metal is naturally bound to insulin?
A. Iron
B. Calcium
C. Zinc
D. Sodium
B (Protamine) - What does the "P" stand for in NPH insulin?
A. Protease
B. Protamine
C. Protein
D. Polymer
1921 - Insulin was isolated and clinically used successfully for the first time in _______.
Canadian - ______________ physicians and researchers are credited with discovering and
developing insulin as a medication to treat diabetes
Eli Lilly and Company - Who was the first contract company to purify insulin
Porcine or bovine pancreatic - Until 1982, all insulin was isolated from ____________ or
__________ ____________
Hexamer - Insulin is a natural ____________
Zinc - Insulin is held together by a _________ ion
Beta cells of the islets of Langerhans’s - Insulin is stored as a natural hexamer and held
together by a zinc ion in what?
Stabilizing the insulin hexamer and forming poorly soluble aggregates/crystalline forms of
insulin - Several formations of insulin have been developed to slow-down in the entry of
insulin into the circulation after subcutaneous injection. How is this achieved?
Zinc and/or phenols (Cresol) - The addition of what forms an amorphous precipitate
Protamine - Addition of ___________ to insulin forms an amorphous precipitate
True - (True/False) Insulin crystals can be grown to specific sizes and crystal forms
,D (all of the above) - Insulin preparations can be produced based on which following
formulations
A. Regular
B. Intermediate
C. Long-Acting
D. All of the above
Engineered - Differently formulated insulin preparations have been used exclusively before
_____________ insulin variants were introduced after 1996
True - (True/False) NPH Insulin and regular insulin are still staple insulin formulations in the
US and around the world.
Lente - ___________ Insulins have been replaced by engineered insulin variants in the US
but are still used outside the US.
False - (True/False) NPH cannot be mixed with regular insulin variants
Biologically Active - Insulin has dissociate and to form monomers to be _____________
_____________.
1920s - Animal derived insulin has been used since the early _______.
1982 - Recombinant human insulin was introduced in ______
Zinc coordinated hexamer - Naturally occurring (endogenous) insulin is a __________
__________ __________.
,Phenols (cresols) - The addition of ___________ further stabilizes insulin hexamers
True - (True/False) Engineered insulin analogs show faster release kinetics when insulin
hexamers/dimers are
destabilized by specific mutations in the insulin sequence
True - (True/False) Engineered insulin variant show slower release kinetics when insulin
hexamers / dimers or oligomers are stabilized by chemical addition of long chain fatty acid
(C14, C16) to the insulin molecule (insulin deludes, insulin detemir)
pie - Changing the ______, and thus the solubility of insulin at physiological pH, is another
strategy to slow down the release of insulin from the injection site into the circulation.
Mutations - To change the pie, and thus the solubility of insulin, specific __________ and
additional residues are added to the insulin sequence
True - (True/False) Inhalation insulin is identical to the native human sequence but entered
the circulation through the lungs
False - (True/False) Inhaled insulin acts faster than injection insulins
Does not - A lot of inhaled insulin ___________ (does/does not) reach the circulation
B (1920s) - When was insulin developed as a medication?
A. 1900s
B. 1920s
C. 1940s
, D. 1980s
B (mature insulin consists of two peptide chains) - Which of the following is true?
A. Mature insulin consists of three peptide chains
B. Mature insulin consists of two peptide chains
C. Mature insulin consists of one peptide chain
D. Insulin is glycosylated
E. Insulin is a transmembrane protein
B (1:1) - The molar ratio between mature insulin and C-peptide is?
A. 2:1
B. 1:1
C. 1:2
D. Unrelated
C (Zinc) - What metal is naturally bound to insulin?
A. Iron
B. Calcium
C. Zinc
D. Sodium
B (Protamine) - What does the "P" stand for in NPH insulin?
A. Protease
B. Protamine
C. Protein
D. Polymer
