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Class 12
Sociology
Ch – 3
Social Institutions:
Continuity & Change
Renaissance 2.0
By: Shivang Bharadwaj
, Caste & The Caste System
• Caste is a unique institution found in India.
• It is a characteristic of Hindu society.
• But caste is spread to even non-Hindu communities.
• The word ‘caste’ comes from the Portuguese word ‘casta’ - ‘pure breed’ (meaning)
Varna
• Varna, literally ‘colour.’
• Brahmana, Kshatriya, Vaishya and shudra, ‘outcastes ‘or panchamasor fifth category
• Jati is a generic term referring to species or kinds of anything.
• Varna is a broad classification, while Jati is a regional or local sub-classification.
Jati
• Complex system
• It consists of hundreds and even thousands of castes and sub-castes.
• It refers to different species of inanimate objects, plants, animals, and human beings.
• In Indian languages, Jati is used to refer to castes.
, Characteristic features of Caste Caste appears to be based on two principles
• It is decided by Birth (closed). • Difference and Separation
• Endogamous marriage system. • One caste is separated from the other.
• This separate caste does not stand independen
• Restrictions on food sharing. Particular position in the
others
hierarchy
• Wholism and hierarchy
• Castes have sub-castes and Sub-sub-castes.
• Every caste occupies a particular position
• It is traditionally linked to occupations.
• One superior or inferior to the other.
• There is no opportunity to change their castes. • It depends on purity and pollution.
• Upper-class members enjoyed higher status. • Pure castes have high status.
• Castes are non-competing groups engaged in a
• They do not have any social mobility.
particular profession.
Class 12
Sociology
Ch – 3
Social Institutions:
Continuity & Change
Renaissance 2.0
By: Shivang Bharadwaj
, Caste & The Caste System
• Caste is a unique institution found in India.
• It is a characteristic of Hindu society.
• But caste is spread to even non-Hindu communities.
• The word ‘caste’ comes from the Portuguese word ‘casta’ - ‘pure breed’ (meaning)
Varna
• Varna, literally ‘colour.’
• Brahmana, Kshatriya, Vaishya and shudra, ‘outcastes ‘or panchamasor fifth category
• Jati is a generic term referring to species or kinds of anything.
• Varna is a broad classification, while Jati is a regional or local sub-classification.
Jati
• Complex system
• It consists of hundreds and even thousands of castes and sub-castes.
• It refers to different species of inanimate objects, plants, animals, and human beings.
• In Indian languages, Jati is used to refer to castes.
, Characteristic features of Caste Caste appears to be based on two principles
• It is decided by Birth (closed). • Difference and Separation
• Endogamous marriage system. • One caste is separated from the other.
• This separate caste does not stand independen
• Restrictions on food sharing. Particular position in the
others
hierarchy
• Wholism and hierarchy
• Castes have sub-castes and Sub-sub-castes.
• Every caste occupies a particular position
• It is traditionally linked to occupations.
• One superior or inferior to the other.
• There is no opportunity to change their castes. • It depends on purity and pollution.
• Upper-class members enjoyed higher status. • Pure castes have high status.
• Castes are non-competing groups engaged in a
• They do not have any social mobility.
particular profession.
