Module3
Operation and Management
Client/Server: envronments that have a laree
various computing
Client/server is developed to deal with architecture, a Client ic a
servers connected together via
a network. In this
number of computers and capab1l1ties. When any client
the user interface and local processing
user machine which provides is capable of
like database access, it can connect to Server that
is amachine that provides
functionality
requires additional
functionality nccded by the client. Basically Server
providing the
machine.
Services to the Client i.e user
Central
Computer D82
D81 (Server)
Site 3
Site 1 (Client)
(Ciient) Communication
Network
Site 4
Site 2
(Clent}
(Client)
architecture
Types of client serrver
conputing model
(a) Singie tier client server
computing model
(b) Two tier client server
computing model
(c) Three tier clicnt server
arçhitecture:
Single tier client server model. In single tire client
tier architecture is the first type of client server computing
Single personal computer. n
server database system used on a
server computing model, the client software and the data in
the databese is centralized, which means the DBMS
single tire system,
database managemnent systcm.
location and the dumb terminals were used to access the
one
To- fier Arcaitecture
Architecture:
b. Two Tier It uses
of cient server computing modei
Two-tier client server architecture is the second type it was
two computers and one ciienUserver system.
AIthe early stages, client server compuHing
capture and
considered as data validation tier
called wo-tier computing model in which cient is
as dta storage tire.
and server was considered
, Problenms in two tier architecture
hundreds or thousands of end users,
In 1990s, when applications were more complex and used with
the two tier server model could not meet the neced of the enterprise.
computer to run effectively. This
(a) Anefficient client requiringconsiderable resources on client's
includes disk space, RAM, CPU.
server end.
(6)Client machines require administration which results overhead at the
3-Tier Architecture
Chent Tier
Business Logic
Tir
Database Tier
C. Three tier Architecture:
architecture. Three tier architecture has
Three tier architecture is the improvement over two tier
client system. The second layer is
three layers. The first layer is the user interface which runs on
processing. The third layer is
called the application server . It is used for business logic and data needed by
system which stores the data as
known as database server. It is a database management
the middle layer.
Advantages of client server database system:
follows:
The advantages of client server database system are as
(a) Client server system has cost effective platforms to support the applications.
traditional command line.
(b) Client offers graphical menu driven interface, which is superior to the
and efficient use of
(c) Client server environment facilitates in more productive work by the users
existing data.
(d)Client server database system is more flexible.
(e) Asingle database on server can be shared across several distiñct client systems.
Disadvantages of client server database system:
There are some disadvantages in client server database system. These are
(a) In initial phases, the programming cost is high.
(b)There is a lack of management tools for performance monitoring and timing.
Data Warehouse:
A Data Warehouse (DW) is a relational database that is designed for query and analysis
rather than transaction processing. It includes historical data derived from transaction data from
single and multiple sources.
A Data Warehouse provides integrated, enterprise-widé, historical data and focuses on
providing support for decision-makers for data modeling and analysis.
, to the entire organ1zation, not only to a
A Data Warchouse is a group of data specific
particular group of users.
processing but used for making decisions.
Itis not used for daily operations and transaction
Need for Data Warehouse:
Data Warehouse is needed for the following reasons:
Need of Data Warehouse
Historlcal Data
Data Conslstncy
Business Strateg c Response
User doclsions Time
data from the
1) Business User: Business users require a data warehouse to view summarized
elementary
past. Since these people are non-technical, the data may be presented to them in an
form.
2) Store historicaldata: Data Warehouse is required to store the time variable data from the past.
This input is made to be used for various purposes.
3) Make strategic decisions: Some strategies may be depending upon the data in the data
warehouse. So, data warehouse contributes to making strategic decisions.
4) For data consistency and quality: Bringing the data from different sources at a commonplace,
the user can effectively undertake to bring the uniformity and consistency in data.
5) High response time: Data warehouse has to be ready for somewhat unexpected loads and types
of queries, which demands a significant degree of flexibility and quick response time.
Benefits of Data Warehouse:
1. Understand business trends and make better forecasting decisions.
2. Data Warehouses are designed to perform wellenormous amounts of data.
3. The structure of data warehouses is more accesible for end-users to navigate, understand, and
query.
4. Queries that would be complex in many normalized databases could be casier to build and
maintain in data warehouses.
5. Data warehousing is an efficient method to manage demand for lots of information from lots of
uSers.
6. Data warehousing provide the capabi!ities to analyze a large amount of historical data.
Operation and Management
Client/Server: envronments that have a laree
various computing
Client/server is developed to deal with architecture, a Client ic a
servers connected together via
a network. In this
number of computers and capab1l1ties. When any client
the user interface and local processing
user machine which provides is capable of
like database access, it can connect to Server that
is amachine that provides
functionality
requires additional
functionality nccded by the client. Basically Server
providing the
machine.
Services to the Client i.e user
Central
Computer D82
D81 (Server)
Site 3
Site 1 (Client)
(Ciient) Communication
Network
Site 4
Site 2
(Clent}
(Client)
architecture
Types of client serrver
conputing model
(a) Singie tier client server
computing model
(b) Two tier client server
computing model
(c) Three tier clicnt server
arçhitecture:
Single tier client server model. In single tire client
tier architecture is the first type of client server computing
Single personal computer. n
server database system used on a
server computing model, the client software and the data in
the databese is centralized, which means the DBMS
single tire system,
database managemnent systcm.
location and the dumb terminals were used to access the
one
To- fier Arcaitecture
Architecture:
b. Two Tier It uses
of cient server computing modei
Two-tier client server architecture is the second type it was
two computers and one ciienUserver system.
AIthe early stages, client server compuHing
capture and
considered as data validation tier
called wo-tier computing model in which cient is
as dta storage tire.
and server was considered
, Problenms in two tier architecture
hundreds or thousands of end users,
In 1990s, when applications were more complex and used with
the two tier server model could not meet the neced of the enterprise.
computer to run effectively. This
(a) Anefficient client requiringconsiderable resources on client's
includes disk space, RAM, CPU.
server end.
(6)Client machines require administration which results overhead at the
3-Tier Architecture
Chent Tier
Business Logic
Tir
Database Tier
C. Three tier Architecture:
architecture. Three tier architecture has
Three tier architecture is the improvement over two tier
client system. The second layer is
three layers. The first layer is the user interface which runs on
processing. The third layer is
called the application server . It is used for business logic and data needed by
system which stores the data as
known as database server. It is a database management
the middle layer.
Advantages of client server database system:
follows:
The advantages of client server database system are as
(a) Client server system has cost effective platforms to support the applications.
traditional command line.
(b) Client offers graphical menu driven interface, which is superior to the
and efficient use of
(c) Client server environment facilitates in more productive work by the users
existing data.
(d)Client server database system is more flexible.
(e) Asingle database on server can be shared across several distiñct client systems.
Disadvantages of client server database system:
There are some disadvantages in client server database system. These are
(a) In initial phases, the programming cost is high.
(b)There is a lack of management tools for performance monitoring and timing.
Data Warehouse:
A Data Warehouse (DW) is a relational database that is designed for query and analysis
rather than transaction processing. It includes historical data derived from transaction data from
single and multiple sources.
A Data Warehouse provides integrated, enterprise-widé, historical data and focuses on
providing support for decision-makers for data modeling and analysis.
, to the entire organ1zation, not only to a
A Data Warchouse is a group of data specific
particular group of users.
processing but used for making decisions.
Itis not used for daily operations and transaction
Need for Data Warehouse:
Data Warehouse is needed for the following reasons:
Need of Data Warehouse
Historlcal Data
Data Conslstncy
Business Strateg c Response
User doclsions Time
data from the
1) Business User: Business users require a data warehouse to view summarized
elementary
past. Since these people are non-technical, the data may be presented to them in an
form.
2) Store historicaldata: Data Warehouse is required to store the time variable data from the past.
This input is made to be used for various purposes.
3) Make strategic decisions: Some strategies may be depending upon the data in the data
warehouse. So, data warehouse contributes to making strategic decisions.
4) For data consistency and quality: Bringing the data from different sources at a commonplace,
the user can effectively undertake to bring the uniformity and consistency in data.
5) High response time: Data warehouse has to be ready for somewhat unexpected loads and types
of queries, which demands a significant degree of flexibility and quick response time.
Benefits of Data Warehouse:
1. Understand business trends and make better forecasting decisions.
2. Data Warehouses are designed to perform wellenormous amounts of data.
3. The structure of data warehouses is more accesible for end-users to navigate, understand, and
query.
4. Queries that would be complex in many normalized databases could be casier to build and
maintain in data warehouses.
5. Data warehousing is an efficient method to manage demand for lots of information from lots of
uSers.
6. Data warehousing provide the capabi!ities to analyze a large amount of historical data.
