NSC 350 Final Exam Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025

NSC 350 Final Exam Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025 What is a cell composed of? - Answers nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane cell communication - Answers Signal mechanisms, cell receptors, and messengers Signaling Mechanism - Answers Autocrine, paracrine, endocrine, synaptic Autocrine - Answers a chemical signal that binds to and affects the cell that makes it Paracrine - Answers signals diffuse to and affect nearby cells Endocrine - Answers secrete within Synaptic - Answers chemical release and diffusion across a synapse Ribosomes - Answers protein factories Smooth er - Answers Makes lipids Rough er - Answers transports proteins Golgi apparatus - Answers Packs for shipping Lysosomes - Answers An organelle containing digestive enzymes Perioxisomes - Answers Breakdown toxic structures Cytoskeleton - Answers Structure Microtubules and microfilaments Nucleoplasm - Answers Fluid inside the nucleus Cytosol - Answers The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm. extracellular matrix - Answers Mesh in space between cells Proteins, polysaccharide, collagen and elastin Receptors mechanism - Answers Specific to certain proteins, # of receptors increase, decrease based on needs Messenger mechanism - Answers First and second response cell metabolism - Answers Aerobic and anaerobic Aerobic - Answers requires oxygen, most efficient, in mitochondria, ends w/ water and o2 Anerobic - Answers without oxygen, cytoplasm, fatty acids to lactic acid cell movement - Answers How substances get in and out 3 ways of movement - Answers Simple diffusion, carrier protein, channel/gated Active transport - Answers W atp, unequal concentration passive transport - Answers No atp, equal concentration Tissue types - Answers epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous Cellular injuries - Answers Physical, chemical, radiation, biologic Endotoxins - Answers released only when bacteria die and their cell walls break down Inside Shock - low BP Exotoxins - Answers toxic substances that bacteria secrete into their environment Outside Hypoxia - Answers Low oxygen saturation of the body, not enough oxygen in the blood ischemia - Answers an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart muscles. anerobic metabolism - Answers The cellular process in which glucose is metabolized without oxygen. free radicals - Answers naturally occurring, highly reactive chemicals that form in the presence of oxygen atrophy - Answers (n.) the wasting away of a body organ or tissue; any progressive decline or failure; (v.) to waste away hypertrophy - Answers increase in muscle size Metaplasia - Answers Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type Hyperplasia - Answers the enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues Dysplasia - Answers abnormal development of tissue Gene - Answers A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait DNA - Answers double stranded RNA - Answers single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose Inherited disorders - Answers Multi factorial, autosomal dom, autosomal recessive multifactoral inheritance - Answers Traits are not clear cut Cancer/obesity/diabetes Shown fetal/ at birth/ later autosomal dominant - Answers One affected parent, can be NEW mutation