Sociology Clep 2025 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS
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Terms in this set (355)
A standard of poverty based on a minimum level of
Absolute poverty subsistence below which families should not be
expected to exist.
A social position attained by a person largely
Achieved status
through his or her own efforts.
An interactionist theory of aging that argues that
Activity theory elderly people who remain active will be best-
adjusted.
In a legal sense, a process that allows for the
transfer of the legal rights, responsibilities, and
Adoption
privileges of parenthood to a new legal parent or
parents.
Positive efforts to recruit minority group members
Affirmative action or women for jobs, promotions, and educational
opportunities.
A term coined by Robert N. Butler to refer to
Ageism
prejudice and discrimination against the elderly.
The most technologically advanced form of
preindustrial society. Members are primarily
Agrarian society engaged in the production of food but increase
their crop yield through such innovations as the
plow.
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The condition of being estranged or disassociated
Alienation
from the surrounding society.
The process by which a majority group and a
Amalgamation minority group combine through intermarriage to
form a new group.
Durkheim's term for the loss of direction felt in a
Anomie society when social control of individual behavior
has become ineffective.
A theory developed by Robert Merton that explains
Anomie theory of deviance as an adaptation either of socially
deviance prescribed goals or of the norms governing their
attainment, or both.
Processes of socialization in which a person
Anticipatory socialization "rehearses" for future positions, occupations, and
social relationships.
Anti-Semitism Anti-Jewish prejudice.
The former policy of the South African government
Apartheid designed to maintain the separation of Blacks and
other non-Whites from the dominant Whites.
Specialized language used by members of a group
Argot
or subculture.
A social position "assigned" to a person by society
Ascribed status without regard for the person's unique talents or
characteristics.
The process by which a person forsakes his or her
Assimilation own cultural tradition to become part of a different
culture.
Power that has been institutionalized and is
Authority recognized by the people over whom it is
exercised.
A kinship system in which both sides of a person's
Bilateral descent
family are regarded as equally important.
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The use of two or more languages in particular
Bilingualism settings, such as workplaces or educational facilities,
treating each language as equally legitimate.
The number of live births per 1,000 population in a
Birthrate
given year. Also known as the crude birthrate.
A political philosophy promoted by many younger
Black power Blacks in the 1960s that supported the creation of
Black-controlled political and economic institutions.
Karl Marx's term for the capitalist class, comprising
Bourgeoisie
the owners of the means of production.
A component of formal organization in which rules
Bureaucracy and hierarchical ranking are used to achieve
efficiency.
The process by which a group, organization, or
Bureaucratization social movement becomes increasingly
bureaucratic.
An economic system in which the means of
production are largely in private hands and the main
Capitalism
incentive for economic activity is the accumulation
of profits.
Hereditary systems of rank, usually religiously
Castes
dictated, that tend to be fixed and immobile.
The relationship between a condition or variable
Causal logic and a particular consequence, with one event
leading to the other.
Census An enumeration, or counting, of a population.
Max Weber's term for power made legitimate by a
Charismatic authority leader's exceptional personal or emotional appeal
to his or her followers.
A term used by Max Weber to refer to a group of
Class people who have a similar level of wealth and
income.
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