USABO Open Exam 2025

USABO Open Exam 2024 u u u




1. insterstitial fluid: fluid located between cells and among tissues
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2. cuboidal epithelium: cube shaped epithelial cells that function in secretion, a
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nd are located in various endocrine glands
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3. simple columnar epithelium:  lines intestines, secretes digestive juices
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and absorbs nutrients, one cell thick
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4. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium:  forms a mucous membran u u u u u u u u




e in portions of the respiratory tract; contains cilia that move the film of mucous
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5. stratified squamous epithelium: regenerates cells rapidly at the basal lami
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na, located in areas of abrasion (anus, vagina, skin, linings of esophagus)
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6. simple squamous epithelium: thin and leaky, located at sites of diffusion (alve
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oli and blood vessels)
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7. basal lamina: a mat of extracellular matrix that separates an organ from epitheli
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al tissue
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8. lumen: cavity, external area around organ
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9. loose connective tissue: connects organs/tissues to epithelium
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,10. cartilage: connective tissue that is sturdy, but softer and more flexible than bone
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11. chondroitin sulfate: a rubbery matrix made of a protein-
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carbohydrate complex located in cartilage u u u u




12. chondrocytes: cells in cartilage that secrete collagen chondroitin sulfate
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13. fibrous connective tissue: includes tendons and ligaments, made of fibers in pa
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rallel bundles, which maximize non-elastic strength
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14. adipose tissue: tissue that protects, insulates, and cushions the body, holds fat in a
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dipose cells which contain fat droplets that can grow and shrink
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15. bone: mineralized connective tissue; contain a matrix of bone with which calci-
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um, magnesium, and phosphate ions combine to form a mineral
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16. osteoblasts: secretes matrix of collagen in bone u u u u u u




17. osteons: repeating units inside bone, contain concentric layers of mineralized co
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llagen wrapped around blood vessels and nerves
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18. fibroblasts: cells of connective tissue that secrete the protein ingredients
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19. macrophages: engulf foreign particles and debris through phagocytosis
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20. collagenous fibers: made of collagen, nonelastic and do not tear easily
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21. reticular fibers: made of collagen, joins connective tissue to adjacent tissues, co
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ntinuous with collagenous fibers
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22. elastic fibers: made of elastin, easily stretched but bounce back to original sh
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, ape

23. sarcomeres: repeating units in muscles
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24. glial cells or glia: located in nervous tissue; nourish, insulate, and replenish ne
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urons




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