PATH 1000 FINAL EXAM (FINAL EXAM 8-12) ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (ALREADY GRADED A)

PATH 1000 FINAL EXAM (FINAL EXAM 8- u u u u u u




12) ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWER
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S (ALREADY GRADED A)
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What is pulmonary disease? - ANSWER -
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Type of disease that affects the lungs and other associated parts of the respiratory syst
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em.


Describe pulmonary disease - ANSWER - Acute, obstructive, chronic or infectious/non-
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infectious


Pulmonary disease can be associated with other organs - True or False - ANSWER -
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True - the heart in particular
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Signs and symptoms of pulmonary disease (8) - ANSWER - -Dyspnea
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-Cough
-Sputum
-Pain
-Cyanosis
-Clubbing
-Hemopysis
-Abnormal breathing patterns u u




Coughing up blood - ANSWER - hemoptysis
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What causes iatrogenic pneumothorax? - ANSWER - transthoracic needle aspiration
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When is the difference between open and closed pneumothorax? - ANSWER -
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Open air pressure enters into pleural space during inspiration and exits during expiratio
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n. Closed air does not escape pleural space during expiration
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,Presence of fluid in plural space - ANSWER - pleural effusion
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Collection of blood in the pleural space - ANSWER - hemothorax
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What is kussmal respiration? - ANSWER - increased respirations and tidal volumes
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Alternating breathing patterns of deep and shallow breathing - ANSWER - cheyne-stokes
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What is hypoxemia - ANSWER - reduced oxygenation of arterial blood
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What is hypoxia? - ANSWER - deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues
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What happens in respiratory failure? - ANSWER -
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uDefined as inadequate gas exchange. Can result from injury to lungs, airway or chest wa
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ll or indirectly from disease to other body systems
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What is flail chest? - ANSWER -
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Results from fractures of ribs, which allow ribs to move independently during respiratio
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n


Clinical manifestations flail chest? (5) - ANSWER - -Pain in chest
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-Tenderness
-Difficulty breathing u




-Bruising and inflammation
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-Paradoxical movement when breathing u u u




What is primary (spontaneous) pneumothorax? - ANSWER -
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occurs when a small air blister (bleb) on the top of the lung ruptures
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What is secondary pneumothorax? - ANSWER -
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Caused by disease, trauma, injury, or condition
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, Presence of pus in the plural space - ANSWER - Empyema
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what is a restrictive lung disorder - ANSWER - decrease compliance of the lung tissue
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Treatment for pulmonary edema - ANSWER - depends on cause -
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left sided heart failure: diuretics, vasodilators and medications, capillary injury: maintai
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n adequate ventilation and circulation
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Represents a spectrum of acute lung inflammation and defuse alveolocapillary injury -
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ANSWER - acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
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What is the impact from restrictive lung disorders? - ANSWER -
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Individuals experience dyspnea, increased respiratory rate, and decreased tidal volum
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e


Passage of fluid and solid particles into the lung - ANSWER - Aspiration
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Clinical manifestations of aspiration? - ANSWER - -Sudden onset of choking
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-Intractable cough u




-fever
-dyspnea
-Wheezing


Collapse of lung tissue - ANSWER - atelectasis
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What are the 3 types of atelectasis? - ANSWER - - Compression
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- Absorption
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- Surfactant
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Clinical manifestations of atelectasis? (4) - ANSWER - -Dyspnea
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-Fever