M administration of drugs?
A) Perfusion of blood to the subcutaneous tissue
B) Integrity of the mucous membranes
C) Environmental temperature
D) Blood flow to the gastrointestinal tr act
ANSWER: C
Feedback:
A cold environmental temperature can cause blood vessels to vasoconstrict and decrea ses
absorption or in a hot environment vasodilate and increase absorption of IM medi cations. Blood
flow to the subcutaneous tissues interferes with subcutaneous injection and blood flow to the
gastrointestinal (GI) tract causes alterations in absorption for or al medications. The condition of
mucous membranes can interfere with sublingual (un der the tongue) and buccal (in the
cheek) administration of drugs.
11. The patient is taking a drug that affects the body by increasing cellular activity. Where
does this drug work on the cell?
A) Receptor sites
B) Cell membrane
C) Golgi body
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
ANSWER: A
Feedback:
Many drugs are thought to act at specific areas on cell membranes called receptor sit es. After
the receptor site is activated, this in turn activates the enzyme systems to pr oduce certain
effects, such as increased or decreased cellular activity, changes in cell membrane permeability,
or alterations in cellular metabolism. Receptor sites are gener allyClocated on the outside of
cells
and allow the drug to bypass the cell membrane. The Golgi body and endoplasmic reticulum are
not involved in this process.
12. Several processes enable a drug to reach a specific concentration in the body. To gether they
are called dynamic equilibrium. What are these processes? (Select all that apply.)
A) Distribution to the active site
B) Biotransformation
C) Absorption from the muscle
44
D) Interaction with other drugs
, ANSWER: A, B, D
Feedback:
The actual concentration that a drug reaches in the body results from a dynamic equ ilibrium
involving several processes: Absorption from the site of entry (can be from t he muscle, the
gastrointestinal (GI) tract if taken orally, of the subcutaneous tissue if given by that route);
Distribution to the active site; biotransformation (metabolism) i n the liver; excretion from
the body.
Interaction with other drugs is not part of the dynamic equilibrium.
13. A nurse is administering digoxin to a patient. To administer medications so that the drug is
as effective as possible, the nurse needs to consider what?
A) Pharmacotherapeutics
B) Pharmacokinetics
C) Pharmacoeconomics
D) Pharmacogenomics
ANSWER: B
Feedback:
When administering a drug, the nurse needs to consider the phases of pharmacokinet ics so
that the drug regimen can be made as effective as possible. Pharmacogenomi cs is the area of
study that includes mapping of the human genome. Pharmacotherap eutics is the branch of
pharmacology that deals with
the uses of drugs to treat, prevent, and diagnose disease. Pharmacoeconomics includ es all
costs involved in drug therapy.
A) Perfusion of blood to the subcutaneous tissue
B) Integrity of the mucous membranes
C) Environmental temperature
D) Blood flow to the gastrointestinal tr act
ANSWER: C
Feedback:
A cold environmental temperature can cause blood vessels to vasoconstrict and decrea ses
absorption or in a hot environment vasodilate and increase absorption of IM medi cations. Blood
flow to the subcutaneous tissues interferes with subcutaneous injection and blood flow to the
gastrointestinal (GI) tract causes alterations in absorption for or al medications. The condition of
mucous membranes can interfere with sublingual (un der the tongue) and buccal (in the
cheek) administration of drugs.
11. The patient is taking a drug that affects the body by increasing cellular activity. Where
does this drug work on the cell?
A) Receptor sites
B) Cell membrane
C) Golgi body
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
ANSWER: A
Feedback:
Many drugs are thought to act at specific areas on cell membranes called receptor sit es. After
the receptor site is activated, this in turn activates the enzyme systems to pr oduce certain
effects, such as increased or decreased cellular activity, changes in cell membrane permeability,
or alterations in cellular metabolism. Receptor sites are gener allyClocated on the outside of
cells
and allow the drug to bypass the cell membrane. The Golgi body and endoplasmic reticulum are
not involved in this process.
12. Several processes enable a drug to reach a specific concentration in the body. To gether they
are called dynamic equilibrium. What are these processes? (Select all that apply.)
A) Distribution to the active site
B) Biotransformation
C) Absorption from the muscle
44
D) Interaction with other drugs
, ANSWER: A, B, D
Feedback:
The actual concentration that a drug reaches in the body results from a dynamic equ ilibrium
involving several processes: Absorption from the site of entry (can be from t he muscle, the
gastrointestinal (GI) tract if taken orally, of the subcutaneous tissue if given by that route);
Distribution to the active site; biotransformation (metabolism) i n the liver; excretion from
the body.
Interaction with other drugs is not part of the dynamic equilibrium.
13. A nurse is administering digoxin to a patient. To administer medications so that the drug is
as effective as possible, the nurse needs to consider what?
A) Pharmacotherapeutics
B) Pharmacokinetics
C) Pharmacoeconomics
D) Pharmacogenomics
ANSWER: B
Feedback:
When administering a drug, the nurse needs to consider the phases of pharmacokinet ics so
that the drug regimen can be made as effective as possible. Pharmacogenomi cs is the area of
study that includes mapping of the human genome. Pharmacotherap eutics is the branch of
pharmacology that deals with
the uses of drugs to treat, prevent, and diagnose disease. Pharmacoeconomics includ es all
costs involved in drug therapy.
