UIUC MCB 150 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Cell Theory - Answers :all organisms are made of cells, all existing cells are produced by other
living cells, the cell is the most basic unit of life
Prokaryotes - Answers :Cells that do not contain nuclei, bacteria and archaea
-singular circular chromosome
-no membrane bound organelles
-nucleolus
Archaea - Answers :Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not contain
peptidoglycan
-live in harsh environments
Eukaryotes - Answers :Cells that contain nuclei
-multiple linear chromosomes in the nucleus
-extensive cytoskeleton
Central Dogma - Answers :DNA-transcription-RNA-translation-protein
Bacteria - Answers :Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls containing
peptidoglycan
Covalent bond - Answers :A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between
atoms in a molecule
Polar: uneven sharing
Nonpolar: even sharing
Ionic bonds - Answers :Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to
another
Macromolecules - Answers :any large molecules made up of smaller molecules (monomers)
joined together into a polymer
Condensation reactions - Answers :a chemical reaction in which two or more molecules
combine to produce water or another simple molecule
Hydrolysis - Answers :Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water
Nucleoid - Answers :A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.
Plasmids - Answers :small circular DNA molecules that replicate separately from the bacterial
chromosome
Ribosomes - Answers :site of protein synthesis
, Cytoskeleton - Answers :A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep
its shape, and aids in movement
-Prokaryotes have less extensive cytoskeleton
Cell wall - Answers :a fibrous layer found outside the plasma membrane of most bacteria and
archaea and eukaryotes
flagellum - Answers :A long, hairlike structure that grows out of a cell and enables the cell to
move.
fimbria - Answers :A short, hairlike appendage of a prokaryotic cell that helps it adhere to the
substrate or to other cells.
Archaea are more closely related to _____ than _____. - Answers :Eukaryotes, bacterial
Nucleus - Answers :-contains chromosomes
-double membraned
-contains sites where the RNA are processed into their functional form
nuclear envelope - Answers :Double membrane perforated with pores that control the flow of
materials in and out of the nucleus.
Nucleoulus - Answers :the area in the nucleus of a cell where ribosomes are produced
Endoplasmic Reticulum - Answers :A system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm
and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of
lipids.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - Answers :-Dotted with ribosomes
-Involved in synthesizing plasma membrane proteins, secreted proteins, and proteins located in
the ER, Golgi Apparatus, and lysosomes
-Proteins move into the interior, "lumen", undergo folding and other types of processing
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum - Answers :-lacks ribosomes
-Involved in synthesizing lipids and removing toxic molecules
-Contains enzymes that catalyze reactions involving lipids
-functions as a reservoir for calcium ions
Golgi apparatus - Answers :-A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for
export by the cell
-Cis: closest to nucleus, receives
Lysosomes - Answers :-cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain
materials in the cell
-Imports H+ to lower pH
endomembrane system - Answers :A network of membranes inside and around a eukaryotic
cell, related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles.
Cell Theory - Answers :all organisms are made of cells, all existing cells are produced by other
living cells, the cell is the most basic unit of life
Prokaryotes - Answers :Cells that do not contain nuclei, bacteria and archaea
-singular circular chromosome
-no membrane bound organelles
-nucleolus
Archaea - Answers :Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not contain
peptidoglycan
-live in harsh environments
Eukaryotes - Answers :Cells that contain nuclei
-multiple linear chromosomes in the nucleus
-extensive cytoskeleton
Central Dogma - Answers :DNA-transcription-RNA-translation-protein
Bacteria - Answers :Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls containing
peptidoglycan
Covalent bond - Answers :A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between
atoms in a molecule
Polar: uneven sharing
Nonpolar: even sharing
Ionic bonds - Answers :Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to
another
Macromolecules - Answers :any large molecules made up of smaller molecules (monomers)
joined together into a polymer
Condensation reactions - Answers :a chemical reaction in which two or more molecules
combine to produce water or another simple molecule
Hydrolysis - Answers :Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water
Nucleoid - Answers :A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.
Plasmids - Answers :small circular DNA molecules that replicate separately from the bacterial
chromosome
Ribosomes - Answers :site of protein synthesis
, Cytoskeleton - Answers :A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep
its shape, and aids in movement
-Prokaryotes have less extensive cytoskeleton
Cell wall - Answers :a fibrous layer found outside the plasma membrane of most bacteria and
archaea and eukaryotes
flagellum - Answers :A long, hairlike structure that grows out of a cell and enables the cell to
move.
fimbria - Answers :A short, hairlike appendage of a prokaryotic cell that helps it adhere to the
substrate or to other cells.
Archaea are more closely related to _____ than _____. - Answers :Eukaryotes, bacterial
Nucleus - Answers :-contains chromosomes
-double membraned
-contains sites where the RNA are processed into their functional form
nuclear envelope - Answers :Double membrane perforated with pores that control the flow of
materials in and out of the nucleus.
Nucleoulus - Answers :the area in the nucleus of a cell where ribosomes are produced
Endoplasmic Reticulum - Answers :A system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm
and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of
lipids.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - Answers :-Dotted with ribosomes
-Involved in synthesizing plasma membrane proteins, secreted proteins, and proteins located in
the ER, Golgi Apparatus, and lysosomes
-Proteins move into the interior, "lumen", undergo folding and other types of processing
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum - Answers :-lacks ribosomes
-Involved in synthesizing lipids and removing toxic molecules
-Contains enzymes that catalyze reactions involving lipids
-functions as a reservoir for calcium ions
Golgi apparatus - Answers :-A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for
export by the cell
-Cis: closest to nucleus, receives
Lysosomes - Answers :-cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain
materials in the cell
-Imports H+ to lower pH
endomembrane system - Answers :A network of membranes inside and around a eukaryotic
cell, related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles.
