ARRT Radiography Exam Review
________ allows visualization of all shades of gray. - ANS-Postprocessing
\________ are a calculation of the total heat produced during an x-ray exposure. - ANS-Heat
Units
\________ blends patient care information, reporting and billing. - ANS-Hospital Information
System (HIS)
\________ can be effective in identifying diffuse, nonfocal disease. - ANS-Highlighting
\________ comprises systems for image acquisition, display, network and storage. -
ANS-Picture Archiving and Communications System (PACS)
\________ contains negatively and positively charged ions. - ANS-Iodinated Ionic Contrast
Media
\________ controls the number of electrons passing from cathode to anode in the x-ray tube,
and the quantity of x-rays produced at the anode. - ANS-mAs
\________ directly affects the energy or quality of the x-rays produced. - ANS-kVp
\________ do not ionize into separate negative and positive charges. - ANS-Iodinated
Nonionic Contrast Media
\________ dosimeters use aluminum oxide to record dose. - ANS-OSL
\________ dosimeters use lithium fluoride crystals instead of film to record dose. - ANS-TLD
\________ exposure latitude makes for better visualization of soft tissues and bone. -
ANS-Wide
\________ has a far lower incidence of contrast agent reactions because it is not ionized. -
ANS-Iodinated Nonionic Contrast Media
\________ in DR is pixel limited. - ANS-Spacial Resolution
\________ is a comprehensive collection of patient information stored in a digital format that
may be shared across networks. Data may include history, medications, allergies, test
results and vital signs. - ANS-Electronic Medical Record (EMR)
\________ is a standard protocol used for blending PACS and various imaging modalities. -
ANS-Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM)
\________ is germ (sperm or ovum) cell division that halves the number of chromosomes in
each cell so that the union of two germ cells produces a new cell with 46 chromosomes. -
ANS-Meiosis
\________ is somatic cell division that comprises of four phases. When division is complete,
each new cell contains 46 chromosomes. - ANS-Mitosis
\________ is the distance at which focused grids may be used. - ANS-Grid Focus
\________ is the process of remote transmission and viewing of images. -
ANS-Teleradiology
\________ is the product of ABSORBED DOSE TIMES the RADIATION WEIGHTING factor
TIMES the TISSUE WEIGHTING factor. - ANS-Effective Dose
\________ is the unit of effective and equivalent dose. - ANS-Sievert (Sv)
\________ is used for ordering procedures and reporting results. - ANS-Radiology
Information System (RIS)
\________ is used to provide consistency of radiographic quality. - ANS-Automatic Exposure
Control (AEC)
\________ is where digital imaging shines. - ANS-Postprocessing
,\________ of water occurs as radiation energy is deposited into the water of a cell. -
ANS-Radiolysis
\________ radiology uses the numeric value of pixels to help in diagnosis. -
ANS-Quantitative
\________ range is the number of gray shades that an imaging system can reproduce. -
ANS-Dynamic
\________ resolution is more important that ________ resolution when soft tissue is imaged.
- ANS-1) Contrast
2) Spacial
\________ results in a grainy or noisy image. - ANS-Quantum Mottle
\________ shock (or ________) is a reaction to foreign proteins after injections, and may
follow injection of iodinated contrast media. - ANS-1) Allergic
2) Anaphylaxis
\________ shock is when BLOOD POOLS in PERIPHERAL VESSELS. - ANS-Neurogenic
\________ shock results from CARDIAC FAILURE or other interference with heart function. -
ANS-Cardiogenic
\________ spacial frequency indicates better spacial ________. - ANS-1) Higher
2) Resolution
\________ takes into account the BIOLOGIC IMPACT OF the type and ENERGY of the
radiation being used. - ANS-Radiation weighting factor (Wᴿ).
\________ use film that is similar to dental x-ray film. - ANS-Film Badges
\- - ANS-Negative
\*Study guide for the ARRT exam in radiography.* - ANS-*Anatomy and positioning are not
covered in this study guide.*
\↑ - ANS-Increased
\↓ - ANS-Decreased
\∆ - ANS-Change
\+ - ANS-Positive
\♀ - ANS-Female
\♂ - ANS-Male
\12-bit (2¹²) systems contain ________ shades of gray. - ANS-4096
\14-bit (2¹⁴) systems contain ________ shades of gray. - ANS-16,384
\16-bit (2¹⁶) systems contain ________ shades of gray. - ANS-65,536
\2⁰ - ANS-Due to, Secondary to
\A ________ is a modern generator that takes advantage of extremely short time capabilities
and tube heat-loading potential. - ANS-Falling Load Generator
\A ________ is constructed to show the radiographer the distribution of pixel values
(indicating low, proper, or high exposure). - ANS-Histogram
\A ________ is used to detect radioactive particles in nuclear medicine facilities. -
ANS-Geiger-Mueller Detector
\A ________ is used to measure radiation in an area, storage areas for radioisotopes, doses
traveling through barriers, and patients who have radioactive sources within them. -
ANS-Handheld Ionization Chamber
\A ________ is used to regulate the duration of the x-ray exposure. - ANS-Timer
\A ________ joint has opposing surfaces that are concavo-convex, and allow flexion,
extension, adduction and abduction, such as the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb. -
ANS-Saddle
, \A ________ joint is capable of movement in an infinite number of axes, and has a round
head of one bone that moves in a cuplike cavity of the approximating base, such as a hip. -
ANS-Ball and Socket
\A ________ joint is capable of permitting articulation of contiguous bones and allows only
for gliding momements, such as a wrist or ankle. - ANS-Gliding
\A ________ joint permits motion in one plane only, such as an elbow. - ANS-Hinge
\A ________ joint permits movement in two directions at right angles to one another.
Circumduction is possible, but rotation is not. Occurs in areas such as the radiocarpal joints.
- ANS-Condyloid
\A ________ joint permits rotary movement in which a ring rotates around a central axis,
such as a proximal radio-ulner articulation. - ANS-Pivot
\A ________ skull is considered to be a typical skull. - ANS-Mesocephalic
\A ________ skull is long from front to back, narrow from side to side, and deep from vertex
to base. - ANS-Dolichocephalic
\A ________ skull is short from front to back, and broad from side to side, and shallow from
vertex to base. - ANS-Brachycephalic
\A ________ transformer consists of primary coils and secondary coils. - ANS-Step-Up or
High-Voltage
\A CCD has a ________ sensitivity for radiation and a much ________ dynamic range than
screen-film image receptors. - ANS-1) Higher
2) Wider
\A CCD is a highly ________-sensitive device with ________ principal advantageous
imaging characteristics. - ANS-1) Light
2) Three
\A CCD is very ________, which makes it highly adaptable to ________ in its various forms.
- ANS-1) Small
2) DR
\A CCD measures approximately ________ cm, but the pixel size is only ________ µm. -
ANS-1) 1 to 2
2) 100 x 100
\A collection element is ________ sandwiched as a ________. - ANS-1) Silicon
2) TFT
\A complete program in a radiology department that addresses all aspects of quality,
including customer service, image interpretation, accuracy of diagnosis, and distribution of
radiologists' reports is known as: - ANS-Quality Assurance
\A condyle is a: - ANS-Round process of an articulating bone.
\A coupling element may be a ________ or ________ optic assembly, a ________ layer or
________. - ANS-1) Lens
2) Fiber
3) Contact
4) a-Se
\A created a-Se charge is collected by a storage ________ and remains there until the signal
is read by the ________ action of the TFT. - ANS-1) Capacitor
2) Switching
\A crest is a: - ANS-Ridge
\A digital image is composed of rows and columns called a ________. - ANS-Matrix
\A digital image should ________ require repeating because of ________ factors. This aids
in patient dose reduction. - ANS-1) Never
________ allows visualization of all shades of gray. - ANS-Postprocessing
\________ are a calculation of the total heat produced during an x-ray exposure. - ANS-Heat
Units
\________ blends patient care information, reporting and billing. - ANS-Hospital Information
System (HIS)
\________ can be effective in identifying diffuse, nonfocal disease. - ANS-Highlighting
\________ comprises systems for image acquisition, display, network and storage. -
ANS-Picture Archiving and Communications System (PACS)
\________ contains negatively and positively charged ions. - ANS-Iodinated Ionic Contrast
Media
\________ controls the number of electrons passing from cathode to anode in the x-ray tube,
and the quantity of x-rays produced at the anode. - ANS-mAs
\________ directly affects the energy or quality of the x-rays produced. - ANS-kVp
\________ do not ionize into separate negative and positive charges. - ANS-Iodinated
Nonionic Contrast Media
\________ dosimeters use aluminum oxide to record dose. - ANS-OSL
\________ dosimeters use lithium fluoride crystals instead of film to record dose. - ANS-TLD
\________ exposure latitude makes for better visualization of soft tissues and bone. -
ANS-Wide
\________ has a far lower incidence of contrast agent reactions because it is not ionized. -
ANS-Iodinated Nonionic Contrast Media
\________ in DR is pixel limited. - ANS-Spacial Resolution
\________ is a comprehensive collection of patient information stored in a digital format that
may be shared across networks. Data may include history, medications, allergies, test
results and vital signs. - ANS-Electronic Medical Record (EMR)
\________ is a standard protocol used for blending PACS and various imaging modalities. -
ANS-Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM)
\________ is germ (sperm or ovum) cell division that halves the number of chromosomes in
each cell so that the union of two germ cells produces a new cell with 46 chromosomes. -
ANS-Meiosis
\________ is somatic cell division that comprises of four phases. When division is complete,
each new cell contains 46 chromosomes. - ANS-Mitosis
\________ is the distance at which focused grids may be used. - ANS-Grid Focus
\________ is the process of remote transmission and viewing of images. -
ANS-Teleradiology
\________ is the product of ABSORBED DOSE TIMES the RADIATION WEIGHTING factor
TIMES the TISSUE WEIGHTING factor. - ANS-Effective Dose
\________ is the unit of effective and equivalent dose. - ANS-Sievert (Sv)
\________ is used for ordering procedures and reporting results. - ANS-Radiology
Information System (RIS)
\________ is used to provide consistency of radiographic quality. - ANS-Automatic Exposure
Control (AEC)
\________ is where digital imaging shines. - ANS-Postprocessing
,\________ of water occurs as radiation energy is deposited into the water of a cell. -
ANS-Radiolysis
\________ radiology uses the numeric value of pixels to help in diagnosis. -
ANS-Quantitative
\________ range is the number of gray shades that an imaging system can reproduce. -
ANS-Dynamic
\________ resolution is more important that ________ resolution when soft tissue is imaged.
- ANS-1) Contrast
2) Spacial
\________ results in a grainy or noisy image. - ANS-Quantum Mottle
\________ shock (or ________) is a reaction to foreign proteins after injections, and may
follow injection of iodinated contrast media. - ANS-1) Allergic
2) Anaphylaxis
\________ shock is when BLOOD POOLS in PERIPHERAL VESSELS. - ANS-Neurogenic
\________ shock results from CARDIAC FAILURE or other interference with heart function. -
ANS-Cardiogenic
\________ spacial frequency indicates better spacial ________. - ANS-1) Higher
2) Resolution
\________ takes into account the BIOLOGIC IMPACT OF the type and ENERGY of the
radiation being used. - ANS-Radiation weighting factor (Wᴿ).
\________ use film that is similar to dental x-ray film. - ANS-Film Badges
\- - ANS-Negative
\*Study guide for the ARRT exam in radiography.* - ANS-*Anatomy and positioning are not
covered in this study guide.*
\↑ - ANS-Increased
\↓ - ANS-Decreased
\∆ - ANS-Change
\+ - ANS-Positive
\♀ - ANS-Female
\♂ - ANS-Male
\12-bit (2¹²) systems contain ________ shades of gray. - ANS-4096
\14-bit (2¹⁴) systems contain ________ shades of gray. - ANS-16,384
\16-bit (2¹⁶) systems contain ________ shades of gray. - ANS-65,536
\2⁰ - ANS-Due to, Secondary to
\A ________ is a modern generator that takes advantage of extremely short time capabilities
and tube heat-loading potential. - ANS-Falling Load Generator
\A ________ is constructed to show the radiographer the distribution of pixel values
(indicating low, proper, or high exposure). - ANS-Histogram
\A ________ is used to detect radioactive particles in nuclear medicine facilities. -
ANS-Geiger-Mueller Detector
\A ________ is used to measure radiation in an area, storage areas for radioisotopes, doses
traveling through barriers, and patients who have radioactive sources within them. -
ANS-Handheld Ionization Chamber
\A ________ is used to regulate the duration of the x-ray exposure. - ANS-Timer
\A ________ joint has opposing surfaces that are concavo-convex, and allow flexion,
extension, adduction and abduction, such as the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb. -
ANS-Saddle
, \A ________ joint is capable of movement in an infinite number of axes, and has a round
head of one bone that moves in a cuplike cavity of the approximating base, such as a hip. -
ANS-Ball and Socket
\A ________ joint is capable of permitting articulation of contiguous bones and allows only
for gliding momements, such as a wrist or ankle. - ANS-Gliding
\A ________ joint permits motion in one plane only, such as an elbow. - ANS-Hinge
\A ________ joint permits movement in two directions at right angles to one another.
Circumduction is possible, but rotation is not. Occurs in areas such as the radiocarpal joints.
- ANS-Condyloid
\A ________ joint permits rotary movement in which a ring rotates around a central axis,
such as a proximal radio-ulner articulation. - ANS-Pivot
\A ________ skull is considered to be a typical skull. - ANS-Mesocephalic
\A ________ skull is long from front to back, narrow from side to side, and deep from vertex
to base. - ANS-Dolichocephalic
\A ________ skull is short from front to back, and broad from side to side, and shallow from
vertex to base. - ANS-Brachycephalic
\A ________ transformer consists of primary coils and secondary coils. - ANS-Step-Up or
High-Voltage
\A CCD has a ________ sensitivity for radiation and a much ________ dynamic range than
screen-film image receptors. - ANS-1) Higher
2) Wider
\A CCD is a highly ________-sensitive device with ________ principal advantageous
imaging characteristics. - ANS-1) Light
2) Three
\A CCD is very ________, which makes it highly adaptable to ________ in its various forms.
- ANS-1) Small
2) DR
\A CCD measures approximately ________ cm, but the pixel size is only ________ µm. -
ANS-1) 1 to 2
2) 100 x 100
\A collection element is ________ sandwiched as a ________. - ANS-1) Silicon
2) TFT
\A complete program in a radiology department that addresses all aspects of quality,
including customer service, image interpretation, accuracy of diagnosis, and distribution of
radiologists' reports is known as: - ANS-Quality Assurance
\A condyle is a: - ANS-Round process of an articulating bone.
\A coupling element may be a ________ or ________ optic assembly, a ________ layer or
________. - ANS-1) Lens
2) Fiber
3) Contact
4) a-Se
\A created a-Se charge is collected by a storage ________ and remains there until the signal
is read by the ________ action of the TFT. - ANS-1) Capacitor
2) Switching
\A crest is a: - ANS-Ridge
\A digital image is composed of rows and columns called a ________. - ANS-Matrix
\A digital image should ________ require repeating because of ________ factors. This aids
in patient dose reduction. - ANS-1) Never
