8RIG - Personalized health care in infectious
diseases global health + HIV
zaterdag 27 januari 2024
13:23
Introduction
Aspects of personalization in health care
Variation in care becomes especially relevant for complex diseases that require long-term
treatment
HIV - a highly complex infectious disease
Focus
o Natural course of infection and complications of HIV
o Heterogeneity in disease
o Development of personal care trajectories ('patient pathway')
o (personalized) antiviral therapy
Heterogeneity in disease
HIV is a highly complex disease and after implementation of ART has largely become a
chronic condition → long care trajectories
The progression and outcome of an HIV infection can vary substantially between people
LE Virology and antiviral therapy
Historical perspective
Transformation of cells by a virus was associated with integration of viral DNA in the host
genome
To a great surprise, these tumor viruses were found to have RNA genomes
cART = combination antiretroviral therapy
HAART = highly active antiretroviral therapy
Discovery of Reverse transcriptase
Termin: in order to transform host cells, Tumor RNA viruses must convert their genetic
material from RNA to DNA that is subsequently integrated in the host DNA
Baltimore: an enzyme that converts RNA to DNA must be carried along in the viral particle, as
no such enzyme exists in eukaryotic host cells
RT enzymes in molecular biology research
Measure RNA expression in a cell
o RT-PCR → amplifying DNA
o (Single cell) RNA sequencing
, Generate DNA copies of genes for cloning
o Transgenic gene expression
o Sequencing
(RNA guided) Genome editing
o In combination with CRISPR/Cas technology
, Baltimore classification
Retroviruses (Retroviridae)
RT copies RNA into DNA, degrades DNA, and copies DNA on DNA
All proteins need to be in the virus, because translation can't start without these proteins
Single stranded, positive sense (+) RNA genomes
Cytoplasmic (+) strand RNA viruses directly translate the incoming viral RNA
Retroviruses use the incoming (+) strand RNA to creat a DNA intermediate
The HIV virion = HIV virus particle
Structural proteins
o Major envelop glycoprotein (spike)
diseases global health + HIV
zaterdag 27 januari 2024
13:23
Introduction
Aspects of personalization in health care
Variation in care becomes especially relevant for complex diseases that require long-term
treatment
HIV - a highly complex infectious disease
Focus
o Natural course of infection and complications of HIV
o Heterogeneity in disease
o Development of personal care trajectories ('patient pathway')
o (personalized) antiviral therapy
Heterogeneity in disease
HIV is a highly complex disease and after implementation of ART has largely become a
chronic condition → long care trajectories
The progression and outcome of an HIV infection can vary substantially between people
LE Virology and antiviral therapy
Historical perspective
Transformation of cells by a virus was associated with integration of viral DNA in the host
genome
To a great surprise, these tumor viruses were found to have RNA genomes
cART = combination antiretroviral therapy
HAART = highly active antiretroviral therapy
Discovery of Reverse transcriptase
Termin: in order to transform host cells, Tumor RNA viruses must convert their genetic
material from RNA to DNA that is subsequently integrated in the host DNA
Baltimore: an enzyme that converts RNA to DNA must be carried along in the viral particle, as
no such enzyme exists in eukaryotic host cells
RT enzymes in molecular biology research
Measure RNA expression in a cell
o RT-PCR → amplifying DNA
o (Single cell) RNA sequencing
, Generate DNA copies of genes for cloning
o Transgenic gene expression
o Sequencing
(RNA guided) Genome editing
o In combination with CRISPR/Cas technology
, Baltimore classification
Retroviruses (Retroviridae)
RT copies RNA into DNA, degrades DNA, and copies DNA on DNA
All proteins need to be in the virus, because translation can't start without these proteins
Single stranded, positive sense (+) RNA genomes
Cytoplasmic (+) strand RNA viruses directly translate the incoming viral RNA
Retroviruses use the incoming (+) strand RNA to creat a DNA intermediate
The HIV virion = HIV virus particle
Structural proteins
o Major envelop glycoprotein (spike)
