1
EDF 6225 Foundations of ABA
P P P P
Exam P
Questions and Answers newest update
P P P P
methodologicalPbehaviorismP-PaPphilosophicalPpositionPthatPviewsPbehavioralPeventsPthat
cannotPbePpubliclyPobservedPasPoutsidePthePrealmPofPscience.
ItPacknowledgesPthePexistencePofPmentalPeventsPbutPdoPnotPconsiderPthemPinPthePanalysisP
ofPbehavior.
IndependentPVariableP(IV)P-
PThePvariablePthatPisPsystematicallyPmanipulatedPbyPthePresearcherPinPanPexperimentPtoPse
ePwhetherPchangesPinPthisPvariablePwillPproducePreliablePchangesPinPthePdependentPvariabl
e.
InPappliedPbehaviorPanalysis,PitPisPusuallyPanPenvironmentPeventPorPconditionPantecedentPorP
consequentPtoPthePdependentPvariable.P(sometimesPcalledPthePinterventionPorPtreatment
variable)
DependentPVariableP(DV)P-PThePmeasuredPbehaviorPinPanPexperimentPtoPdeterminePifPi
changesPasPaPresultPofPmanipulationsPofPthePindependentPvariable;PinPappliedPbehavior
analysis,PitPrepresentsPsomePmeasurePofPaPsociallyPsignificantPbehavior.P(TargetPbehavior)
ScientificPAttitudesP(Skinner..DEERPP)P-PDeterminism,
Empiricism,
Experimentation,PRepl
ication,PParsimony,PPh
ilosophicPDoubt.
DeterminismP-PassumesPthatPallPbehaviorPisPthePresultPofPcertainPevents.POncePthese
eventsParePidentified,PfuturePoccurrencesPofPaPbehaviorPcanPbePmodified.
EmpiricismP-
PisPthePpracticePofPobjectivePobservationPofPthePphenomenaPofPinterest.Pexperiment.PaPtype
PofPresearchPactivityPthatPinvolvesPchangingPonlyPonePcomponentPofPanP individual'sPenviron
mentP(IV)PtoPseePitsPeffectPonPsomePspecifiedPbehaviorP(DV)PexperimentalPanalysisPofPbeh
aviorP(EAB)
ThisPisPthePOBSERVATIONPandPDATAPtakingPpartPofPABA.
ExperimentationP-PisPthePmanipulationPofPvariablesPandPtakingPmeasurementsPand
collectingPdataPyieldsPanswers.PItPisPaPcontrolledPcomparisonPofPsomePmeasurePofPthe
phenomenonPofPinterestP(DV)PunderPtwoPorPmorePdifferentPconditionsPinPwhichPonlyPone
factorPatPaPtimeP(IV)PdiffersPfromPonePconditionPtoPanother.
,
, 2
PunisherP-PAPstimulusPchangePthatPdecreasesPthePfuturePfrequencyPofPbehaviorPthat
immediatelyPprecedesPit.
Hernstein'sPMatchingPLawP-
PsuggestsPthatPwhenPdifferentPschedulesPof PreinforcementParePavailablePatPthePsamePtimeP
forPdifferentPbehaviors,PindividualsPwillPdistributePtheirPbehaviorPaccordingPtoPthePrelativePra
tesPofPreinforcementPavailablePforPeachPoption.
antecedent,Pbehavior,PconsequenceP-PThePthree-termPcontingencyPisPmadePofPthesePthree
terms:
antecedentP-PisPthePenvironmentalPconditionsPorPstimulusPchangesPthatPexistPorPoccurPprior
toPthePbehaviorPofPinterest.
behaviorP-PAnPorganism'sPinteractionPwithPthePenvironment.
consequenceP-PisPanythingPimmediatelyPfollowingPaPbehaviorPinPwhichPweParePinterested.
MakesPthePbehaviorPmorePorPlessPlikelyPtoPhappenPinPthePfuture.
DiscriminativePStimulusP(SD)P-
PisPthePantecedentPstimulusPthatPhasPstimulusPcontrolPoverPbehaviorPbecausePthePbehavior
PwasPreliablyPreinforcedPinPthePpresencePof PthatPstimulusPinP
thePpast.PItPsignalsPthePavailabil
ityPofPaPparticularPreinforcerPforPaPparticularPbehavior.
conditionedPpunisherP-PAPpreviouslyPneutralPstimulusPchangePthatPfunctionsPasPaPpunisher
becausePofPpriorPpairingPwithPonePorPmorePotherPpunishers.
unconditionedPpunisherP-PAPstimulusPthat,Pusually,PisPpunishingPwithoutPanyPpriorPlearning.
conditionedPreinforcerP-PaPstimulusPthatPhasPacquiredPreinforcingPpropertiesPthroughPprior
learning
UnconditionedPReinforcerP-PAPstimulusPthat,Pusually,PisPreinforcingPwithoutPanyPprior
learning.
SidePeffectsPofPpunishmentP-
PMayPleadPtoPanPincreasePinPotherPundesirablePbehavior.PCanP
leadPtoPproblemsPsuchPasPes
capeP&Pavoidance,PemotionalPoutbursts,PandPbehavioralPcontrast.
ReinforcerP-PanyPeventPthatPstrengthensPthePbehaviorPitPfollows
MotivatingPOperationP(MO)P-PinfluencesPthePeffectivenessPofPaPreinforcerPor
, 3
punisherPwhilePalsoPinfluencingPthePfrequencyPofPthePspecificPbehavior.
PremackPPrincipleP-PSomePprofessionalsPwillPalsoPreferPtoPthisPtechniquePasP"First/Then",
"If/Then",PorP"HighPProbability/LowPProbability."
AutomaticPReinforcementP-PreinforcementPthatPoccursPindependentPofPthePsocialPmediation
ofPothers.
whenPaPperson'sPbehaviorPcreatesPaPfavorablePoutcomePwithoutPthePinvolvementPof
anotherPperson.
ResponseP-PAnPactionPorPchangePinPbehaviorPthatPoccursPasPaPresultPofPaPstimulus.
IsPaPsinglePinstancePofPbehavior.
respondentPbehaviorP-PisPdefinedPasPbehaviorPthatPisPelicitedPbyPantecedentPstimuli. It
isPinduced,PorPbroughtPout,PbyPaPstimulusPthatPprecedesPthePbehavior:PnothingPelsePis
requiredPforPthePresponsePtoPoccur.
i.e.PbrightPlightPinPthePeyesP(antecedentPstimulus)PwillPelicitPpupilPcontraction.
operantPbehaviorP-
PBehaviorPthatPisPselected,Pmaintained,PandPbroughtPunderPstimulusPcontrolPasPaPfunctionP
ofPitsPconsequences.PeachPperson'sPrepertoirePofPthisPtypePofPbehaviorPisPaPproductPofPhisP
historyPofPinteractionsPwithPthePenvironment
RadicalPBehaviorismP(Skinner)P-PattemptsPtoPunderstandPallPhumanPbehavior,Pincluding
privatePeventsPsuchPasPthoughtsPandPfeelings,PinPtermsPofPcontrollingPvariablesPinPthe
historyPofPthePpersonPandPthePspecies.
ReplicationP-
PisPthePrepeatingPofPexperimentsP(asPwellPasPrepeatingPIVPconditionsPwithinPexperiments
).PReplicationPisPthePprimaryPmethodPscientistsPdeterminePthePreliabilityPandPusefulnessP
ofPtheirPfindingsPandPdiscoverPtheirPmistakes.
parsimonyP-
PrequiresPthatPallPsimple,PlogicalPexplanationsPforPthePphenomenonPunderP
investigatio
nPbePruledPout,PexperimentallyPorPconceptually,PbeforePmorePcomplexPorPabstractPex
planationsParePconsidered.
InPotherPwords,PgivenPaPchoicePbetweenPtwoPcompetingPandPcompellingPexplanationsPforP
thePsamePphenomenon,PonePshouldPshavePoffPextraneousPvariablesPandPchoosePthePsi
mplestPexplanation,PthePonePthatPrequiresPthePfewestPassumptions.
CHOOSINGPTHEPSIMPLESTPANDPMOSTPLOGICALPEXPLANATION.
PhilosophicPDoubtP-PrequiresPthePscientistPtoPcontinuallyPquestionPthePtruthfulnessPofPwhat
isPregardedPasPfact.PGoodPscientistsPmaintainPaPhealthyPlevelPofPskepticism.PIt'sPanPattitude
thatPthePtruthfulnessPandPvalidityPofPallPscientificPtheoryPandPknowledgePshouldPbe
continuallyPquestioned.
QUESTIONPEVERYTHING!
EDF 6225 Foundations of ABA
P P P P
Exam P
Questions and Answers newest update
P P P P
methodologicalPbehaviorismP-PaPphilosophicalPpositionPthatPviewsPbehavioralPeventsPthat
cannotPbePpubliclyPobservedPasPoutsidePthePrealmPofPscience.
ItPacknowledgesPthePexistencePofPmentalPeventsPbutPdoPnotPconsiderPthemPinPthePanalysisP
ofPbehavior.
IndependentPVariableP(IV)P-
PThePvariablePthatPisPsystematicallyPmanipulatedPbyPthePresearcherPinPanPexperimentPtoPse
ePwhetherPchangesPinPthisPvariablePwillPproducePreliablePchangesPinPthePdependentPvariabl
e.
InPappliedPbehaviorPanalysis,PitPisPusuallyPanPenvironmentPeventPorPconditionPantecedentPorP
consequentPtoPthePdependentPvariable.P(sometimesPcalledPthePinterventionPorPtreatment
variable)
DependentPVariableP(DV)P-PThePmeasuredPbehaviorPinPanPexperimentPtoPdeterminePifPi
changesPasPaPresultPofPmanipulationsPofPthePindependentPvariable;PinPappliedPbehavior
analysis,PitPrepresentsPsomePmeasurePofPaPsociallyPsignificantPbehavior.P(TargetPbehavior)
ScientificPAttitudesP(Skinner..DEERPP)P-PDeterminism,
Empiricism,
Experimentation,PRepl
ication,PParsimony,PPh
ilosophicPDoubt.
DeterminismP-PassumesPthatPallPbehaviorPisPthePresultPofPcertainPevents.POncePthese
eventsParePidentified,PfuturePoccurrencesPofPaPbehaviorPcanPbePmodified.
EmpiricismP-
PisPthePpracticePofPobjectivePobservationPofPthePphenomenaPofPinterest.Pexperiment.PaPtype
PofPresearchPactivityPthatPinvolvesPchangingPonlyPonePcomponentPofPanP individual'sPenviron
mentP(IV)PtoPseePitsPeffectPonPsomePspecifiedPbehaviorP(DV)PexperimentalPanalysisPofPbeh
aviorP(EAB)
ThisPisPthePOBSERVATIONPandPDATAPtakingPpartPofPABA.
ExperimentationP-PisPthePmanipulationPofPvariablesPandPtakingPmeasurementsPand
collectingPdataPyieldsPanswers.PItPisPaPcontrolledPcomparisonPofPsomePmeasurePofPthe
phenomenonPofPinterestP(DV)PunderPtwoPorPmorePdifferentPconditionsPinPwhichPonlyPone
factorPatPaPtimeP(IV)PdiffersPfromPonePconditionPtoPanother.
,
, 2
PunisherP-PAPstimulusPchangePthatPdecreasesPthePfuturePfrequencyPofPbehaviorPthat
immediatelyPprecedesPit.
Hernstein'sPMatchingPLawP-
PsuggestsPthatPwhenPdifferentPschedulesPof PreinforcementParePavailablePatPthePsamePtimeP
forPdifferentPbehaviors,PindividualsPwillPdistributePtheirPbehaviorPaccordingPtoPthePrelativePra
tesPofPreinforcementPavailablePforPeachPoption.
antecedent,Pbehavior,PconsequenceP-PThePthree-termPcontingencyPisPmadePofPthesePthree
terms:
antecedentP-PisPthePenvironmentalPconditionsPorPstimulusPchangesPthatPexistPorPoccurPprior
toPthePbehaviorPofPinterest.
behaviorP-PAnPorganism'sPinteractionPwithPthePenvironment.
consequenceP-PisPanythingPimmediatelyPfollowingPaPbehaviorPinPwhichPweParePinterested.
MakesPthePbehaviorPmorePorPlessPlikelyPtoPhappenPinPthePfuture.
DiscriminativePStimulusP(SD)P-
PisPthePantecedentPstimulusPthatPhasPstimulusPcontrolPoverPbehaviorPbecausePthePbehavior
PwasPreliablyPreinforcedPinPthePpresencePof PthatPstimulusPinP
thePpast.PItPsignalsPthePavailabil
ityPofPaPparticularPreinforcerPforPaPparticularPbehavior.
conditionedPpunisherP-PAPpreviouslyPneutralPstimulusPchangePthatPfunctionsPasPaPpunisher
becausePofPpriorPpairingPwithPonePorPmorePotherPpunishers.
unconditionedPpunisherP-PAPstimulusPthat,Pusually,PisPpunishingPwithoutPanyPpriorPlearning.
conditionedPreinforcerP-PaPstimulusPthatPhasPacquiredPreinforcingPpropertiesPthroughPprior
learning
UnconditionedPReinforcerP-PAPstimulusPthat,Pusually,PisPreinforcingPwithoutPanyPprior
learning.
SidePeffectsPofPpunishmentP-
PMayPleadPtoPanPincreasePinPotherPundesirablePbehavior.PCanP
leadPtoPproblemsPsuchPasPes
capeP&Pavoidance,PemotionalPoutbursts,PandPbehavioralPcontrast.
ReinforcerP-PanyPeventPthatPstrengthensPthePbehaviorPitPfollows
MotivatingPOperationP(MO)P-PinfluencesPthePeffectivenessPofPaPreinforcerPor
, 3
punisherPwhilePalsoPinfluencingPthePfrequencyPofPthePspecificPbehavior.
PremackPPrincipleP-PSomePprofessionalsPwillPalsoPreferPtoPthisPtechniquePasP"First/Then",
"If/Then",PorP"HighPProbability/LowPProbability."
AutomaticPReinforcementP-PreinforcementPthatPoccursPindependentPofPthePsocialPmediation
ofPothers.
whenPaPperson'sPbehaviorPcreatesPaPfavorablePoutcomePwithoutPthePinvolvementPof
anotherPperson.
ResponseP-PAnPactionPorPchangePinPbehaviorPthatPoccursPasPaPresultPofPaPstimulus.
IsPaPsinglePinstancePofPbehavior.
respondentPbehaviorP-PisPdefinedPasPbehaviorPthatPisPelicitedPbyPantecedentPstimuli. It
isPinduced,PorPbroughtPout,PbyPaPstimulusPthatPprecedesPthePbehavior:PnothingPelsePis
requiredPforPthePresponsePtoPoccur.
i.e.PbrightPlightPinPthePeyesP(antecedentPstimulus)PwillPelicitPpupilPcontraction.
operantPbehaviorP-
PBehaviorPthatPisPselected,Pmaintained,PandPbroughtPunderPstimulusPcontrolPasPaPfunctionP
ofPitsPconsequences.PeachPperson'sPrepertoirePofPthisPtypePofPbehaviorPisPaPproductPofPhisP
historyPofPinteractionsPwithPthePenvironment
RadicalPBehaviorismP(Skinner)P-PattemptsPtoPunderstandPallPhumanPbehavior,Pincluding
privatePeventsPsuchPasPthoughtsPandPfeelings,PinPtermsPofPcontrollingPvariablesPinPthe
historyPofPthePpersonPandPthePspecies.
ReplicationP-
PisPthePrepeatingPofPexperimentsP(asPwellPasPrepeatingPIVPconditionsPwithinPexperiments
).PReplicationPisPthePprimaryPmethodPscientistsPdeterminePthePreliabilityPandPusefulnessP
ofPtheirPfindingsPandPdiscoverPtheirPmistakes.
parsimonyP-
PrequiresPthatPallPsimple,PlogicalPexplanationsPforPthePphenomenonPunderP
investigatio
nPbePruledPout,PexperimentallyPorPconceptually,PbeforePmorePcomplexPorPabstractPex
planationsParePconsidered.
InPotherPwords,PgivenPaPchoicePbetweenPtwoPcompetingPandPcompellingPexplanationsPforP
thePsamePphenomenon,PonePshouldPshavePoffPextraneousPvariablesPandPchoosePthePsi
mplestPexplanation,PthePonePthatPrequiresPthePfewestPassumptions.
CHOOSINGPTHEPSIMPLESTPANDPMOSTPLOGICALPEXPLANATION.
PhilosophicPDoubtP-PrequiresPthePscientistPtoPcontinuallyPquestionPthePtruthfulnessPofPwhat
isPregardedPasPfact.PGoodPscientistsPmaintainPaPhealthyPlevelPofPskepticism.PIt'sPanPattitude
thatPthePtruthfulnessPandPvalidityPofPallPscientificPtheoryPandPknowledgePshouldPbe
continuallyPquestioned.
QUESTIONPEVERYTHING!
