PSYC-140 FINAL EXAM
Correlational research -
Answer research method of seeing how two variables relate; looking at strength and
direction of relationship
Experiments -
Answer research method in which you tightly control the variables, setting, and
participants which manipulating one factor believed to have influence.
Hawthorne effect -
Answer a change in a subject's behavior caused simply by the awareness of being
studied
What are the five research methods discussed in this module? -
Answer - naturalistic observation
- case study
- study/interview
- correlational research
- experiments
Three types of prenatal diagnostic tests -
Answer ultrasound, amniocentesis, and chorionic villus sampling (cva)
Ultrasound –
Answer prenatal diagnostic technique that uses high frequency sounds to create an
image of the baby
Amniocentesis –
Answer prenatal diagnostic technique involving needle puncture of the amniotic sac to
withdraw amniotic fluid for analysis; looks for chromosomal and genetic abnormalities
Chorionic villus sampling (cvs) -
,Answer prenatal diagnostic technique in which a small sample of the fetal portion of
the placenta is removed for analysis to detect certain genetic and congenital defects in
the fetus.
What are the three types of genetic-environment interactions? -
Answer passive, evocative, and active
Passive genotype-environment interaction -
Answer parents provide genetic disposition and nurturing context to foster certain
qualities
Evocative genotype-environment interaction -
Answer parents provide genetic predisposition for a child to evoke certain reactions in
others that will influence their development
Active genotype-environment interaction -
Answer parents provide genetic predisposition that results in a child actively seeking
out environmental conditions that foster development of certain qualities
Three periods of neonatal development -
Answer germinal, embryonic, and fetal
Germinal period -
Answer week 0-2
Zygote created, attaches to uterus wall
Embryonic period -
Answer week 2-8
Layers of cells form that later develop into organs and systems
Fetal period -
Answer month 2-9
Major growth and development
Teratogens -
Answer agents that interfere with natural growth and produce a birth defect
,Which three variables determine a teratogen's effect? -
Answer - gestational age
- amount of teratogen
- susceptibility
When does organogenesis begin? -
Answer around week 3 through week 8
Why is stress a teratogen? -
Answer stress causes blood to be directed away from fetus and towards mother's
brain, limbs, heart. Cortisol can cross placenta and increase fetal hr
Why is cognitive development more susceptible? -
Answer brain develops all throughout pregnancy
What are the three phases of childbirth? -
Answer - early & active labor
- delivery of baby
- delivery of the placenta
Early labor and active labor -
Answer - longest stage
- starts at onset of true labor
- ends when cervix completely dilated
- 30-45 sec contractions w 5-30 min between
- 45-60 sec contractions w 3-5 min between
- amniotic sac may rupture
Longitudinal study design -
Answer following individuals over a long period of time with multiple assessment points
Cross-sectional study -
Answer comparing different age groups at the same time
Naturalistic observation -
Answer research method in which one observes a subject outside of a research setting
, Case study -
Answer research method involving a direct observation of a patient; interviewing in
great detail
Study/interview -
Answer research method in which surveys administered anonymously or asked in and
interview format in-person
Delivery of baby -
Answer - begins when cervix dilated
- 20 min-2 hrs
Delivery of placenta -
Answer - 5-10 min
- contractions again
- placenta separates from uterine wall
Three drugs used in childbirth -
Answer analgesia, anesthesia, oxytocics
Analgesia vs anesthesia -
Answer drugs that relieve pain; includes narcotics, tranquilizers, and barbiturates
Anesthesia -
Answer drugs that blocks pain, can be general or epidural
Oxytocics -
Answer drugs that stimulate contractions and induce labor
Postpartum biological adjustments -
Answer involution, sleep adjustments, physical healing
Postpartum psychological adjustments -
Answer coordinating schedules, readjusting social relationships, bonding with baby
Correlational research -
Answer research method of seeing how two variables relate; looking at strength and
direction of relationship
Experiments -
Answer research method in which you tightly control the variables, setting, and
participants which manipulating one factor believed to have influence.
Hawthorne effect -
Answer a change in a subject's behavior caused simply by the awareness of being
studied
What are the five research methods discussed in this module? -
Answer - naturalistic observation
- case study
- study/interview
- correlational research
- experiments
Three types of prenatal diagnostic tests -
Answer ultrasound, amniocentesis, and chorionic villus sampling (cva)
Ultrasound –
Answer prenatal diagnostic technique that uses high frequency sounds to create an
image of the baby
Amniocentesis –
Answer prenatal diagnostic technique involving needle puncture of the amniotic sac to
withdraw amniotic fluid for analysis; looks for chromosomal and genetic abnormalities
Chorionic villus sampling (cvs) -
,Answer prenatal diagnostic technique in which a small sample of the fetal portion of
the placenta is removed for analysis to detect certain genetic and congenital defects in
the fetus.
What are the three types of genetic-environment interactions? -
Answer passive, evocative, and active
Passive genotype-environment interaction -
Answer parents provide genetic disposition and nurturing context to foster certain
qualities
Evocative genotype-environment interaction -
Answer parents provide genetic predisposition for a child to evoke certain reactions in
others that will influence their development
Active genotype-environment interaction -
Answer parents provide genetic predisposition that results in a child actively seeking
out environmental conditions that foster development of certain qualities
Three periods of neonatal development -
Answer germinal, embryonic, and fetal
Germinal period -
Answer week 0-2
Zygote created, attaches to uterus wall
Embryonic period -
Answer week 2-8
Layers of cells form that later develop into organs and systems
Fetal period -
Answer month 2-9
Major growth and development
Teratogens -
Answer agents that interfere with natural growth and produce a birth defect
,Which three variables determine a teratogen's effect? -
Answer - gestational age
- amount of teratogen
- susceptibility
When does organogenesis begin? -
Answer around week 3 through week 8
Why is stress a teratogen? -
Answer stress causes blood to be directed away from fetus and towards mother's
brain, limbs, heart. Cortisol can cross placenta and increase fetal hr
Why is cognitive development more susceptible? -
Answer brain develops all throughout pregnancy
What are the three phases of childbirth? -
Answer - early & active labor
- delivery of baby
- delivery of the placenta
Early labor and active labor -
Answer - longest stage
- starts at onset of true labor
- ends when cervix completely dilated
- 30-45 sec contractions w 5-30 min between
- 45-60 sec contractions w 3-5 min between
- amniotic sac may rupture
Longitudinal study design -
Answer following individuals over a long period of time with multiple assessment points
Cross-sectional study -
Answer comparing different age groups at the same time
Naturalistic observation -
Answer research method in which one observes a subject outside of a research setting
, Case study -
Answer research method involving a direct observation of a patient; interviewing in
great detail
Study/interview -
Answer research method in which surveys administered anonymously or asked in and
interview format in-person
Delivery of baby -
Answer - begins when cervix dilated
- 20 min-2 hrs
Delivery of placenta -
Answer - 5-10 min
- contractions again
- placenta separates from uterine wall
Three drugs used in childbirth -
Answer analgesia, anesthesia, oxytocics
Analgesia vs anesthesia -
Answer drugs that relieve pain; includes narcotics, tranquilizers, and barbiturates
Anesthesia -
Answer drugs that blocks pain, can be general or epidural
Oxytocics -
Answer drugs that stimulate contractions and induce labor
Postpartum biological adjustments -
Answer involution, sleep adjustments, physical healing
Postpartum psychological adjustments -
Answer coordinating schedules, readjusting social relationships, bonding with baby
