NGR 5149 (RASMUSSEN COLLEGE) PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL
EXAM QUESTION AND CORRECT ANSWER LATEST 2025
Question 1
Which of the following would be a sign of right-sided heart failure?
- increased urination
- peripheral edema
- pulmonary edema
- immunosuppression
Peripheral edema
Question 2
Which of the following are clinical manifestations of left-sided heart failure? (select all that apply)
- jugular vein distention
- cough with frothy sputum
- crackles auscultated in lungs
- dyspnea
- cough with frothy sputum
- crackles auscultated in lungs
- dyspnea
Question 3
Which medications would be used to treat a patient with heart failure?
NGR 5149 (RASMUSSEN COLLEGE)
,- antibiotics and steroids
- vitamin d and calcium
- calcium channel blockers and zafron
- ace inhibitors and beta-blockers
Ace inhibitors and beta-blockers
Question 4
Which of the following is often the cause of pulmonary embolism?
- an autoimmune disorder
- a venous blood clot from lower extremity
- an increase in intracranial pressure
- hypotension
- a venous blood clot from lower extremity
Question 5
Virchow's triad contributes to pulmonary embolism formation. Virchow's triad factors include all of the
following except:
- venous blood stasis
- damage to the venous wall
- venous blood hypermobility
- increased blood coagulability
Venous blood hypermobility
Question 6
How does unstable angina pectoris differ from stable angina pectoris?
- can only be diagnosed by changes in cardiac biomarkers
- manifests in ecg changes only
- is not relieved by periods of rest
- not as serious as stable angina
NGR 5149 (RASMUSSEN COLLEGE)
,Not relieved by periods of rest
Question 7
Which of the following organs are primarily affected by poorly managed hypertension?
- bladder and urethra
- brain and skin
- heart and kidneys
- stomach and intestines
Heart and kidneys
Question 8
Management of hypertension involves multiple approaches including which of the following?
- dietary modifications
- engaging in regular exercise routines
- prescribing diuretics and/or anti-hypertensives
- all of the above
All of the above
Question 9
When arterial blood pressure declines, the cells of the kidneys secrete a hormone called ___ to increase
blood pressure and peripheral resistance.
- renin
- antidiuretic hormone
- atrial natriuretic
- erythropoietin
Renin
Question 10
Which of the following are examples of complications of shock? (select all that apply)
NGR 5149 (RASMUSSEN COLLEGE)
, - multiple organ dysfunction
- acute renal failure
- clotting and bleeding disorders
- increased cardiac output
- multiple organ dysfunction
- acute renal failure
- clotting and bleeding disorders
Question 11
What pathophysiological responses would you expect to find in a client who has anaphylactic shock?
- bronchodilation, peripheral constriction, decreased capillary permeability
- asthma, deep vein thrombosis, hepatic encephalopathy
- bronchoconstriction, peripheral dilation, increased capillary permeability
- left-sided heart failure, pulmonary embolism, uti
Bronchoconstriction, peripheral dilation, increased capillary permeability
Question 12
What is the cause of cardiogenic shock?
- severe ventricular dysfunction
- acute blood loss
- severe atrial dysfunction
- suppression of the sympathetic nervous system
Severe ventricular dysfunction
Question 13
What is occurring in the body of clients with hypovolemic shock?
- inadequate stomach acid
- insufficient circulating blood volume
NGR 5149 (RASMUSSEN COLLEGE)
EXAM QUESTION AND CORRECT ANSWER LATEST 2025
Question 1
Which of the following would be a sign of right-sided heart failure?
- increased urination
- peripheral edema
- pulmonary edema
- immunosuppression
Peripheral edema
Question 2
Which of the following are clinical manifestations of left-sided heart failure? (select all that apply)
- jugular vein distention
- cough with frothy sputum
- crackles auscultated in lungs
- dyspnea
- cough with frothy sputum
- crackles auscultated in lungs
- dyspnea
Question 3
Which medications would be used to treat a patient with heart failure?
NGR 5149 (RASMUSSEN COLLEGE)
,- antibiotics and steroids
- vitamin d and calcium
- calcium channel blockers and zafron
- ace inhibitors and beta-blockers
Ace inhibitors and beta-blockers
Question 4
Which of the following is often the cause of pulmonary embolism?
- an autoimmune disorder
- a venous blood clot from lower extremity
- an increase in intracranial pressure
- hypotension
- a venous blood clot from lower extremity
Question 5
Virchow's triad contributes to pulmonary embolism formation. Virchow's triad factors include all of the
following except:
- venous blood stasis
- damage to the venous wall
- venous blood hypermobility
- increased blood coagulability
Venous blood hypermobility
Question 6
How does unstable angina pectoris differ from stable angina pectoris?
- can only be diagnosed by changes in cardiac biomarkers
- manifests in ecg changes only
- is not relieved by periods of rest
- not as serious as stable angina
NGR 5149 (RASMUSSEN COLLEGE)
,Not relieved by periods of rest
Question 7
Which of the following organs are primarily affected by poorly managed hypertension?
- bladder and urethra
- brain and skin
- heart and kidneys
- stomach and intestines
Heart and kidneys
Question 8
Management of hypertension involves multiple approaches including which of the following?
- dietary modifications
- engaging in regular exercise routines
- prescribing diuretics and/or anti-hypertensives
- all of the above
All of the above
Question 9
When arterial blood pressure declines, the cells of the kidneys secrete a hormone called ___ to increase
blood pressure and peripheral resistance.
- renin
- antidiuretic hormone
- atrial natriuretic
- erythropoietin
Renin
Question 10
Which of the following are examples of complications of shock? (select all that apply)
NGR 5149 (RASMUSSEN COLLEGE)
, - multiple organ dysfunction
- acute renal failure
- clotting and bleeding disorders
- increased cardiac output
- multiple organ dysfunction
- acute renal failure
- clotting and bleeding disorders
Question 11
What pathophysiological responses would you expect to find in a client who has anaphylactic shock?
- bronchodilation, peripheral constriction, decreased capillary permeability
- asthma, deep vein thrombosis, hepatic encephalopathy
- bronchoconstriction, peripheral dilation, increased capillary permeability
- left-sided heart failure, pulmonary embolism, uti
Bronchoconstriction, peripheral dilation, increased capillary permeability
Question 12
What is the cause of cardiogenic shock?
- severe ventricular dysfunction
- acute blood loss
- severe atrial dysfunction
- suppression of the sympathetic nervous system
Severe ventricular dysfunction
Question 13
What is occurring in the body of clients with hypovolemic shock?
- inadequate stomach acid
- insufficient circulating blood volume
NGR 5149 (RASMUSSEN COLLEGE)
