Maryville patho exam 3
"shift to the left" - ANS-NEUTROPHILIA: Elevated systemic body temperature is a clinical
manifestations would most likely be indicative of _____________________
\• HHNKS is characterized by - ANS-a lack of ketosis.
\A BNP (b-type natriuretic peptide) diagnostic test - ANS-will be most useful in determining
whether a patient admitted with acute shortness of breath has heart failure
\ACE inhibitors, direct renin inhibitors, Ang II receptor blockers (ARBs), and aldosterone
inhibitors - ANS-Are used widely in
1. managing hypertension,
2. myocardial infarction, and
3. heart failure to lower blood pressure and
4. to protect and improve cardiovascular and renal function.
\Acromegaly - ANS-•Hypersecretion of GH during adulthood
•Slowly progressive
o Mortality: cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus
leads to coronary artery disease
o Malignancies common
Happens after the growth plates have sealed; large hands and feet and facial deformity
\ACS (Acute Coronary Syndrome) - ANS-1. Unstable Angina
2. NonSTEMI
3. STEMI
\Addison's disease - ANS-•Inadequate corticosteroid and mineralocorticoid synthesis and
elevated serum ACTH levels.
•Symptoms (primarily a result of hypocortisolism and hypoaldosteronism)
1. Weakness and easy fatigability
2. GI disturbances: anorexia, N/V, diarrhea, Abd pain and weight loss
3. Hypoglycemia
4. Hyperpigmentation
5. Vitiligo (white patchy areas of depignmented skin)
\Addisonian crisis sx - ANS-severe hypotension and vascular collapse
\Adrenal (hormone released, pitiutary cells, pituitary hormone, product) - ANS-Corticotropin-
releasing hormone: CRH
Corticotrope
adrenocorticotropic hormone: ACTH
Cortisol
\an increased secretion of the anterior pituitary hormones would show what lab result -
ANS-Increased urinary cortisol would be an expected related to this condition.
\Anemia - ANS-•Reduction in the total number of erythrocytes in the circulating blood or a
decrease in the quality or quantity of hemoglobin.
•commonly result from
(1) impaired erythrocyte production
(2) blood loss (acute or chronic)
(3) increased erythrocyte destruction
(4) a combination of these three factors
, \Anterior pituitary hormones: - ANS-Adrenocorticotropic hormone: ACTH
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
Growth hormone
Prolactin
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Luteinizing hormone
Follicle-stimulating hormone
β-lipotropin
β-endorphins
\Aplastic Anemia - ANS-•Critical condition caused by an autoimmune disease against
hematopoiesis by activated cytotoxic T cells.
•Characterized by pancytopenia, a reduction or absence of all three blood cell types,
resulting from failure or suppression of bone marrow to produce adequate amounts of
erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes blood cells.
\atherosclerosis Aneurysms - ANS-Chronic hypertension results in mechanical and shear
forces that contribute to remodeling and weakening of the vessel wall. Atherosclerosis is a
common cause of aneurysms because plaque formation erodes the vessel wall. In the
arteries, activation of the coagulation cascade usually is caused by roughening of the tunica
intima by ______________________
\autonomic neuropathy - ANS-a person who has had DM II for years and has a heart attack
may not feel chest pain due to _________________
\Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) - ANS-•Produced and released in response to pressure and
volume overload of the cardiac chambers.
•Occurs in both systolic and diastolic heart failure (HF).
•Causes arterial and venous dilation, natriuresis, and suppression of the RAAS and the SNS.
- inhibits myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy and enhances diastolic function -Wunderlich
says that BNP is an ANTAGONIST to aldosterone.
\breast (hormone released, pitiutary cells, pituitary hormone, product) - ANS-Dopamine
Lactotrope
Prolactic
Milk (no feedback)
\Cardiac tamonade sx - ANS-dyspnea, tachycardia, jugular venous distention, cardiomegaly,
and pulsus paradoxus
\Cardiomyopathy: dilated - ANS-•Characterized by diminished myocardial contractility
•Reflected in diminished systolic performance of the heart.
•This impaired systolic function leads to increases in intracardiac volume, biventricular
dilation, and systolic heart failure.
\Catecholemines do what in relation to the heart - ANS-shorten the conduction time of action
potential through the atrioventricular (AV) node
\Chronic Venous Insufficiency - ANS-1. Vericose veins can progress to chronic venous
insufficiency (CVI), which is defined as sustained inadequate venous return.
2. Signs include edema of the lower extremities and hyperpigmentation of the skin of the feet
and ankles.
\clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism - ANS-Decreased energy metabolism
Constipation
Bradycardia
Lethargy.
"shift to the left" - ANS-NEUTROPHILIA: Elevated systemic body temperature is a clinical
manifestations would most likely be indicative of _____________________
\• HHNKS is characterized by - ANS-a lack of ketosis.
\A BNP (b-type natriuretic peptide) diagnostic test - ANS-will be most useful in determining
whether a patient admitted with acute shortness of breath has heart failure
\ACE inhibitors, direct renin inhibitors, Ang II receptor blockers (ARBs), and aldosterone
inhibitors - ANS-Are used widely in
1. managing hypertension,
2. myocardial infarction, and
3. heart failure to lower blood pressure and
4. to protect and improve cardiovascular and renal function.
\Acromegaly - ANS-•Hypersecretion of GH during adulthood
•Slowly progressive
o Mortality: cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus
leads to coronary artery disease
o Malignancies common
Happens after the growth plates have sealed; large hands and feet and facial deformity
\ACS (Acute Coronary Syndrome) - ANS-1. Unstable Angina
2. NonSTEMI
3. STEMI
\Addison's disease - ANS-•Inadequate corticosteroid and mineralocorticoid synthesis and
elevated serum ACTH levels.
•Symptoms (primarily a result of hypocortisolism and hypoaldosteronism)
1. Weakness and easy fatigability
2. GI disturbances: anorexia, N/V, diarrhea, Abd pain and weight loss
3. Hypoglycemia
4. Hyperpigmentation
5. Vitiligo (white patchy areas of depignmented skin)
\Addisonian crisis sx - ANS-severe hypotension and vascular collapse
\Adrenal (hormone released, pitiutary cells, pituitary hormone, product) - ANS-Corticotropin-
releasing hormone: CRH
Corticotrope
adrenocorticotropic hormone: ACTH
Cortisol
\an increased secretion of the anterior pituitary hormones would show what lab result -
ANS-Increased urinary cortisol would be an expected related to this condition.
\Anemia - ANS-•Reduction in the total number of erythrocytes in the circulating blood or a
decrease in the quality or quantity of hemoglobin.
•commonly result from
(1) impaired erythrocyte production
(2) blood loss (acute or chronic)
(3) increased erythrocyte destruction
(4) a combination of these three factors
, \Anterior pituitary hormones: - ANS-Adrenocorticotropic hormone: ACTH
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
Growth hormone
Prolactin
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Luteinizing hormone
Follicle-stimulating hormone
β-lipotropin
β-endorphins
\Aplastic Anemia - ANS-•Critical condition caused by an autoimmune disease against
hematopoiesis by activated cytotoxic T cells.
•Characterized by pancytopenia, a reduction or absence of all three blood cell types,
resulting from failure or suppression of bone marrow to produce adequate amounts of
erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes blood cells.
\atherosclerosis Aneurysms - ANS-Chronic hypertension results in mechanical and shear
forces that contribute to remodeling and weakening of the vessel wall. Atherosclerosis is a
common cause of aneurysms because plaque formation erodes the vessel wall. In the
arteries, activation of the coagulation cascade usually is caused by roughening of the tunica
intima by ______________________
\autonomic neuropathy - ANS-a person who has had DM II for years and has a heart attack
may not feel chest pain due to _________________
\Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) - ANS-•Produced and released in response to pressure and
volume overload of the cardiac chambers.
•Occurs in both systolic and diastolic heart failure (HF).
•Causes arterial and venous dilation, natriuresis, and suppression of the RAAS and the SNS.
- inhibits myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy and enhances diastolic function -Wunderlich
says that BNP is an ANTAGONIST to aldosterone.
\breast (hormone released, pitiutary cells, pituitary hormone, product) - ANS-Dopamine
Lactotrope
Prolactic
Milk (no feedback)
\Cardiac tamonade sx - ANS-dyspnea, tachycardia, jugular venous distention, cardiomegaly,
and pulsus paradoxus
\Cardiomyopathy: dilated - ANS-•Characterized by diminished myocardial contractility
•Reflected in diminished systolic performance of the heart.
•This impaired systolic function leads to increases in intracardiac volume, biventricular
dilation, and systolic heart failure.
\Catecholemines do what in relation to the heart - ANS-shorten the conduction time of action
potential through the atrioventricular (AV) node
\Chronic Venous Insufficiency - ANS-1. Vericose veins can progress to chronic venous
insufficiency (CVI), which is defined as sustained inadequate venous return.
2. Signs include edema of the lower extremities and hyperpigmentation of the skin of the feet
and ankles.
\clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism - ANS-Decreased energy metabolism
Constipation
Bradycardia
Lethargy.
