Pathophysiology: Exam #1 Practice
Questions
4 causes of edema - ANS-1. increased capillary filtration pressure
2. decreased capillary osmotic pressure
3. increased capillary permeability
4. obstructed lymph flow
\A cell's typical response to a decrease in trophic signal - ANS-Atrophy
\A patient comes to the clinic concerned about a painless lymph node in the neck. A
diagnosis of lymphoma is made. Which of the following would indicate the lymphoma was
Hodgkin lymphoma?
The location of the enlarged lymph nodes
The presence of Reed-Sternberg cells
Spread to the spleen, liver, and bone marrow
The age of the patient - ANS-The presence of Reed-Sternberg cells
\A person's genotype can best be described as - ANS-the genetic makeup of a person
\A person's phenotype can best be described as - ANS-traits that are observable and
apparent
\A pH of 7.5 is defined as - ANS-alkalosis
\A pH of 7.5 is defined as - ANS-Alkalosis
\acromegaly - ANS-hyperplasia
\actual change in cell size and structure in cancer - ANS-dysplasia
\Affects females only - ANS-Turner syndrome
\An example of an anion exchange - ANS-Bicarbonate and chloride exchange
\anaplasia - ANS-the loss of cell proliferation and cell function
-the greater the degree the more aggressive
\apoptosis - ANS-is programmed death that is prompted by a genetic signal
\Ascites is the primary mechanism of body fluid imbalance in which condition? -
ANS-Cirrhosis
\ascites is the primary mechanism of body fluid imbalance in which of the following
conditions? - ANS-cirrhosis
\atrophy - ANS-decrease in the size of a cell
\autonomy - ANS-the unregulated proliferation of the neoplasm
\autosomal dominant - ANS-if one parent is heterozygous for the disorder the offspring has a
50% chance of inheriting it.
\autosomal recessive - ANS-both parents have to have at least one copy of the mutated
gene. the offspring doesn't have the disease, they are a carrier
\Benign - ANS-slow growing cancer with local s/s
\Cachexia - ANS-result of chemical mediators and energy use by cancer cells
-a syndrome of unexplained weight loss and tissue wasting related to the stimulation of
inflammatory mediators, along with excess energy use, by the proliferating neoplastic cells
\carcinogenesis - ANS-the origin, promotion, or development of cancerous neoplasms
\Cardiomyopathy - ANS-hypertrophy
, \Cell death by necrosis is - ANS-often a response to inflammation
\Cells develop into tissues with specialized structure and function through the process of -
ANS-differentiation
\Cells develop into tissues with specialized structure and function through the process of -
ANS-Differentiation
\Cellular atrophy results in - ANS-decrease in tissue volume due to a decrease in cell size
\Cellular atrophy results in: - ANS-decrease in tissue volume due to decrease in cell size
\Cellular Death - ANS-Infection
Physical
Mechanical
Thermal
Endogenous
Exogenous
Deficit
\cervical change of one type of cell to another - ANS-metaplasia
\Cirrhosis - ANS-the result of hepatitis and liver damage from alcohol exposure.
Manifestations- abdominal discomfort, increased abdominal girth, increased weight, severe
sodium retention, renal failure, dilutional hyponatremia
\Deficit - ANS-the cell is deprived of oxygenation, hydration, and nutrition
\dehydration - ANS--negative fluid balance
-cause- diarrhea most common, decreased fluid intake, increased fluid output, fluid shift
-decreased level of consciousness
-prolonged capillary refill
-dry mucous membranes
-decreased or absent tears
-change in vital signs
-weak pulse
-decreased urine output
\dysplasia - ANS-the actual change in cell size, shape, uniformity, arrangement, and
structure
\edema - ANS-increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
\Endogenous - ANS-toxins within the body
-allergic reaction
\Exogenous - ANS-toxins from the external environment
-alcohol
\expressivity - ANS-how likely it will develop
\Extracellular - ANS-contains the remaining 1/3 or 20%
\Fluid loss in response to hypervolemia is promoted by - ANS-Inhibiting the secretion of
aldosterone, promoting urinary sodium and water elimination
\Fortification of foods with folic acid has resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence of
- ANS-neural tube defects
\Hemophilia - ANS--sex linked
-father carries the gene, daughters will be carriers and sons will be unaffected
-mother carries the gene, daughter has a 50% chance of being a carrier and son has a 50%
of being affected
\Hemorrhage - ANS-excessive bleeding
\How are tumor cells identified? - ANS-complete history and physical exam.
imagine studies
Questions
4 causes of edema - ANS-1. increased capillary filtration pressure
2. decreased capillary osmotic pressure
3. increased capillary permeability
4. obstructed lymph flow
\A cell's typical response to a decrease in trophic signal - ANS-Atrophy
\A patient comes to the clinic concerned about a painless lymph node in the neck. A
diagnosis of lymphoma is made. Which of the following would indicate the lymphoma was
Hodgkin lymphoma?
The location of the enlarged lymph nodes
The presence of Reed-Sternberg cells
Spread to the spleen, liver, and bone marrow
The age of the patient - ANS-The presence of Reed-Sternberg cells
\A person's genotype can best be described as - ANS-the genetic makeup of a person
\A person's phenotype can best be described as - ANS-traits that are observable and
apparent
\A pH of 7.5 is defined as - ANS-alkalosis
\A pH of 7.5 is defined as - ANS-Alkalosis
\acromegaly - ANS-hyperplasia
\actual change in cell size and structure in cancer - ANS-dysplasia
\Affects females only - ANS-Turner syndrome
\An example of an anion exchange - ANS-Bicarbonate and chloride exchange
\anaplasia - ANS-the loss of cell proliferation and cell function
-the greater the degree the more aggressive
\apoptosis - ANS-is programmed death that is prompted by a genetic signal
\Ascites is the primary mechanism of body fluid imbalance in which condition? -
ANS-Cirrhosis
\ascites is the primary mechanism of body fluid imbalance in which of the following
conditions? - ANS-cirrhosis
\atrophy - ANS-decrease in the size of a cell
\autonomy - ANS-the unregulated proliferation of the neoplasm
\autosomal dominant - ANS-if one parent is heterozygous for the disorder the offspring has a
50% chance of inheriting it.
\autosomal recessive - ANS-both parents have to have at least one copy of the mutated
gene. the offspring doesn't have the disease, they are a carrier
\Benign - ANS-slow growing cancer with local s/s
\Cachexia - ANS-result of chemical mediators and energy use by cancer cells
-a syndrome of unexplained weight loss and tissue wasting related to the stimulation of
inflammatory mediators, along with excess energy use, by the proliferating neoplastic cells
\carcinogenesis - ANS-the origin, promotion, or development of cancerous neoplasms
\Cardiomyopathy - ANS-hypertrophy
, \Cell death by necrosis is - ANS-often a response to inflammation
\Cells develop into tissues with specialized structure and function through the process of -
ANS-differentiation
\Cells develop into tissues with specialized structure and function through the process of -
ANS-Differentiation
\Cellular atrophy results in - ANS-decrease in tissue volume due to a decrease in cell size
\Cellular atrophy results in: - ANS-decrease in tissue volume due to decrease in cell size
\Cellular Death - ANS-Infection
Physical
Mechanical
Thermal
Endogenous
Exogenous
Deficit
\cervical change of one type of cell to another - ANS-metaplasia
\Cirrhosis - ANS-the result of hepatitis and liver damage from alcohol exposure.
Manifestations- abdominal discomfort, increased abdominal girth, increased weight, severe
sodium retention, renal failure, dilutional hyponatremia
\Deficit - ANS-the cell is deprived of oxygenation, hydration, and nutrition
\dehydration - ANS--negative fluid balance
-cause- diarrhea most common, decreased fluid intake, increased fluid output, fluid shift
-decreased level of consciousness
-prolonged capillary refill
-dry mucous membranes
-decreased or absent tears
-change in vital signs
-weak pulse
-decreased urine output
\dysplasia - ANS-the actual change in cell size, shape, uniformity, arrangement, and
structure
\edema - ANS-increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
\Endogenous - ANS-toxins within the body
-allergic reaction
\Exogenous - ANS-toxins from the external environment
-alcohol
\expressivity - ANS-how likely it will develop
\Extracellular - ANS-contains the remaining 1/3 or 20%
\Fluid loss in response to hypervolemia is promoted by - ANS-Inhibiting the secretion of
aldosterone, promoting urinary sodium and water elimination
\Fortification of foods with folic acid has resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence of
- ANS-neural tube defects
\Hemophilia - ANS--sex linked
-father carries the gene, daughters will be carriers and sons will be unaffected
-mother carries the gene, daughter has a 50% chance of being a carrier and son has a 50%
of being affected
\Hemorrhage - ANS-excessive bleeding
\How are tumor cells identified? - ANS-complete history and physical exam.
imagine studies
