Pathophysiology-NUR 2063 Rasmussen
A clinical manifestation of septic shock includes - ANS-Decreased CO
\A generalized seizure causes neuronal abnormalities in - ANS-Both hemispheres
\A patient with hypoventilation looks like - ANS-Cyanosis, drowsiness, fatigue, morning
headache, swelling of ankles, anxiety, disturbed sleep, labored breathing, SOB, depression,
slow and shallow breathing
\A pneumothorax is defined by a - ANS-Large amount of air in the pleural space
\acromegaly - ANS-Increased bone size caused by excessive GH levels in adulthood
(caused by hyperpituitarism)
\Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) Stages - ANS-Prerenal, Intrarenal, Postrenal = sudden loss of
renal function over a period of days to weeks)
\acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) Clinical Main. - ANS-Dyspnea, labored
breathing, abnormal lung sounds, cough/frothy, hypoxia, cyanosis, fever hypotension,
tachycardia, restlessness, confusion, lethargy, anxiety
\Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) - ANS-Life threatening condition resulting from COPD,
Asthma, ARDS, ALS, Alcohol/drug overdose, spinal cord injury.
\All of the following are causes of obstructive shock EXCEPT - ANS-Severe ventricular
dysfunction
\All of the following are examples of modifiable risk factions for HTN except - ANS-Age
\All of the following are presenting signs of shock EXCEPT - ANS-Tachypnea
\All of the following are presenting symptoms of left-sided HF except - ANS-Peripheral
edema
\Altered LOCs is the most sensitive indicator of altered brain function - ANS-True
\Antibiotics use results in - ANS-Diarrhea
\Appendicitis - ANS-inflammation of the vermiform appendix, obstruction arises inside of the
appendix
\Backwards effects of right-sided heart failure - ANS-Blood backs up in the right atrium, then
in the peripheral circulation, causes increased peripheral pressures in capillary bed.
\Bone stores electrolytes and acts as an electrolytes and acts as an electrolyte pool -
ANS-Site of fat, mineral storage(calcium) and hematopoiesis.
\Bronchoconstriction, urticaria, peripheral dilation, and increased capillary permeability are
symptoms of which shock? - ANS-Anaphylactic shock
\Calcitonin - ANS-Is secreted when calcium levels are HIGH
\Cause of Intrarental Kidney Injury - ANS-Contrast Dye
\causes of atherosclerosis - ANS-Endothelial injury to vessel walls due to smoking,
dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, elevated c-reactive proteins levels, elevated
homocysteine levels, autoimmune processes and some infections.
\causes of contact dermatitis - ANS-Direct exposure to an irritant/ allergen - producing
substance (soaps, body fluids, chemicals) Allergen (metal, chemicals, adhesives, cosmetics
& plants)
\Causes of increased intracranial pressure - ANS-TBI and other conditions that increase the
volume in the skull (tumor, hydrocephalus, cerebral edema + hemorrhage) (monro-kellie
hypothesis)
, \Causes of obstructive shock - ANS-Pulmonary embolism, cardiac tamponade, tension
pneumothorax
\cerebral palsy - ANS-Affects motor movement and muscle coordination, cognition and
communication caused by damage to the cerebellum during child birth. Brain abnormalities.
\Cerebrovascular accident - ANS-CVA= stroke = causes permanent damage, interrupts brain
blood flow results total vessel occlusion or cerebel vessel rupture (thrombus, embolus,
plaque) cerebral aneurysm arteriovenous malformation or hypertension.
\Characteristics of coronary artery disease (CAD) - ANS-Angina (jaw, neck, arm, back)
indigestion- like sensation nausea and vomiting, cool clammy extremities, diaphoresis,
dyspnea, fatigue weakness, sleep disturbances
\characteristics of DIC - ANS-Endothelial damage, release of tissue factor, activation of
factor X. Disease triggers coagulation cascade and fibrinolytic pathway.
\Cirrhosis - ANS-Chronic, progressive, irreversible diffuse damage to the liver resulting in
decreased liver function.
\Clinical findings of shock - ANS-Thirst, dry mucus membrane, tachycardia, thready pulse,
restlessness, anxiety and irritability, tachycardia, cool pale skin, hypotension, cyanosis,
dizziness, confusion, syncope, decreased urinary output, hyperlactoemia, metabolic
acidosis.
\Clinical Manifestation of Hyperthyroidism - ANS-Tachycardia
\Clinical Manifestations for sickle cell crisis - ANS-Stomach and bone pain, dyspnea, fatigue,
fever, jaundice, pollor, skin, ulcers, angina, painful + prolonged erection, visit impairment,
frequent infections, leg ulcers, stroke.
\Clinical Manifestations of Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) - ANS-Shallow respirations,
headaches, tachycardia, dysrhythmias, lethargy, confusion, oxygen levels drop below 50 and
carbon dioxide become high above 50.
\clinical manifestations of anaphylaxis - ANS-feeling lightheaded or faint, breathing
difficulties such as fast, shallow
breathing, wheezing, tachycardia, clammy skin, confusion and anxiety, collapsing or
losing consciousness
\clinical manifestations of Appendicitis - ANS-Pain near umbilcus that moves to LRQ=
McBurney that increases 12-24 hours. Aggravated by movement
\clinical manifestations of asthma - ANS-wheezing, cough, dyspnea, chest tightness,
shortness of breathe, prolonged expirations phase, tachypnea, hypoxia, anxiety
\Clinical Manifestations of hyperthyroidism - ANS-Exophhthalmos (blugging eyes), sudden
weight loss, tachycardia, dysrhythmias, hypertension, increased appetite, nervousness,
anxiety, difficult concentrating, tumor, diaphoresis, abnormal uterine bleeding, sensitivity to
heat, diarrhea, goiter, difficulty sleeping
\Clinical Manifestations of leukemia - ANS-Leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, joint
swelling intake, bone pain, weight loss, anorexia, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, CNS
dysfunction
\Clinical Manifestations of Peptic ulcer disease - ANS-Adymptomatic, epigastric or
abdominal pain, abdominal cramping, heartburn, indigestion, chest pain, N/V, fatigue,
unexplained weight loss.
\clinical manifestations of septic shock - ANS-Decreased CO when arterial blood pressure
decreases, kidneys release renin to increase BP and peripheral resistance.
\Clinical Manifestations: myocardial infarction - ANS-Asymptomatic, unstable angina, fatigue,
nausea & vomiting, SOB, coughing diaphoresis, indigestion, elevation in cardiac bio
markers, EKG changes, Dysrhythmias, anxiety, syncope, dizziness, sleep disturbance.
A clinical manifestation of septic shock includes - ANS-Decreased CO
\A generalized seizure causes neuronal abnormalities in - ANS-Both hemispheres
\A patient with hypoventilation looks like - ANS-Cyanosis, drowsiness, fatigue, morning
headache, swelling of ankles, anxiety, disturbed sleep, labored breathing, SOB, depression,
slow and shallow breathing
\A pneumothorax is defined by a - ANS-Large amount of air in the pleural space
\acromegaly - ANS-Increased bone size caused by excessive GH levels in adulthood
(caused by hyperpituitarism)
\Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) Stages - ANS-Prerenal, Intrarenal, Postrenal = sudden loss of
renal function over a period of days to weeks)
\acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) Clinical Main. - ANS-Dyspnea, labored
breathing, abnormal lung sounds, cough/frothy, hypoxia, cyanosis, fever hypotension,
tachycardia, restlessness, confusion, lethargy, anxiety
\Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) - ANS-Life threatening condition resulting from COPD,
Asthma, ARDS, ALS, Alcohol/drug overdose, spinal cord injury.
\All of the following are causes of obstructive shock EXCEPT - ANS-Severe ventricular
dysfunction
\All of the following are examples of modifiable risk factions for HTN except - ANS-Age
\All of the following are presenting signs of shock EXCEPT - ANS-Tachypnea
\All of the following are presenting symptoms of left-sided HF except - ANS-Peripheral
edema
\Altered LOCs is the most sensitive indicator of altered brain function - ANS-True
\Antibiotics use results in - ANS-Diarrhea
\Appendicitis - ANS-inflammation of the vermiform appendix, obstruction arises inside of the
appendix
\Backwards effects of right-sided heart failure - ANS-Blood backs up in the right atrium, then
in the peripheral circulation, causes increased peripheral pressures in capillary bed.
\Bone stores electrolytes and acts as an electrolytes and acts as an electrolyte pool -
ANS-Site of fat, mineral storage(calcium) and hematopoiesis.
\Bronchoconstriction, urticaria, peripheral dilation, and increased capillary permeability are
symptoms of which shock? - ANS-Anaphylactic shock
\Calcitonin - ANS-Is secreted when calcium levels are HIGH
\Cause of Intrarental Kidney Injury - ANS-Contrast Dye
\causes of atherosclerosis - ANS-Endothelial injury to vessel walls due to smoking,
dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, elevated c-reactive proteins levels, elevated
homocysteine levels, autoimmune processes and some infections.
\causes of contact dermatitis - ANS-Direct exposure to an irritant/ allergen - producing
substance (soaps, body fluids, chemicals) Allergen (metal, chemicals, adhesives, cosmetics
& plants)
\Causes of increased intracranial pressure - ANS-TBI and other conditions that increase the
volume in the skull (tumor, hydrocephalus, cerebral edema + hemorrhage) (monro-kellie
hypothesis)
, \Causes of obstructive shock - ANS-Pulmonary embolism, cardiac tamponade, tension
pneumothorax
\cerebral palsy - ANS-Affects motor movement and muscle coordination, cognition and
communication caused by damage to the cerebellum during child birth. Brain abnormalities.
\Cerebrovascular accident - ANS-CVA= stroke = causes permanent damage, interrupts brain
blood flow results total vessel occlusion or cerebel vessel rupture (thrombus, embolus,
plaque) cerebral aneurysm arteriovenous malformation or hypertension.
\Characteristics of coronary artery disease (CAD) - ANS-Angina (jaw, neck, arm, back)
indigestion- like sensation nausea and vomiting, cool clammy extremities, diaphoresis,
dyspnea, fatigue weakness, sleep disturbances
\characteristics of DIC - ANS-Endothelial damage, release of tissue factor, activation of
factor X. Disease triggers coagulation cascade and fibrinolytic pathway.
\Cirrhosis - ANS-Chronic, progressive, irreversible diffuse damage to the liver resulting in
decreased liver function.
\Clinical findings of shock - ANS-Thirst, dry mucus membrane, tachycardia, thready pulse,
restlessness, anxiety and irritability, tachycardia, cool pale skin, hypotension, cyanosis,
dizziness, confusion, syncope, decreased urinary output, hyperlactoemia, metabolic
acidosis.
\Clinical Manifestation of Hyperthyroidism - ANS-Tachycardia
\Clinical Manifestations for sickle cell crisis - ANS-Stomach and bone pain, dyspnea, fatigue,
fever, jaundice, pollor, skin, ulcers, angina, painful + prolonged erection, visit impairment,
frequent infections, leg ulcers, stroke.
\Clinical Manifestations of Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) - ANS-Shallow respirations,
headaches, tachycardia, dysrhythmias, lethargy, confusion, oxygen levels drop below 50 and
carbon dioxide become high above 50.
\clinical manifestations of anaphylaxis - ANS-feeling lightheaded or faint, breathing
difficulties such as fast, shallow
breathing, wheezing, tachycardia, clammy skin, confusion and anxiety, collapsing or
losing consciousness
\clinical manifestations of Appendicitis - ANS-Pain near umbilcus that moves to LRQ=
McBurney that increases 12-24 hours. Aggravated by movement
\clinical manifestations of asthma - ANS-wheezing, cough, dyspnea, chest tightness,
shortness of breathe, prolonged expirations phase, tachypnea, hypoxia, anxiety
\Clinical Manifestations of hyperthyroidism - ANS-Exophhthalmos (blugging eyes), sudden
weight loss, tachycardia, dysrhythmias, hypertension, increased appetite, nervousness,
anxiety, difficult concentrating, tumor, diaphoresis, abnormal uterine bleeding, sensitivity to
heat, diarrhea, goiter, difficulty sleeping
\Clinical Manifestations of leukemia - ANS-Leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, joint
swelling intake, bone pain, weight loss, anorexia, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, CNS
dysfunction
\Clinical Manifestations of Peptic ulcer disease - ANS-Adymptomatic, epigastric or
abdominal pain, abdominal cramping, heartburn, indigestion, chest pain, N/V, fatigue,
unexplained weight loss.
\clinical manifestations of septic shock - ANS-Decreased CO when arterial blood pressure
decreases, kidneys release renin to increase BP and peripheral resistance.
\Clinical Manifestations: myocardial infarction - ANS-Asymptomatic, unstable angina, fatigue,
nausea & vomiting, SOB, coughing diaphoresis, indigestion, elevation in cardiac bio
markers, EKG changes, Dysrhythmias, anxiety, syncope, dizziness, sleep disturbance.
