Test Bank for Corrections In
The 21St Century.
crime - ANSWERSa violation of a criminal law
prison - ANSWERSa state or federal confinement facility that has custodial authority
over adults sentenced to confinement
felony - ANSWERSa serious criminal offense; specifically one punishable by death or
by incarceration in a prison for more than a year
misdemeanor - ANSWERSa relatively minor violation of the criminal law, such as petty
theft or simple assault, punishable by confinement for one year or less
infraction - ANSWERSa minor violation of state statute or local ordinance punishable by
fine or other penalty, but not incarceration, or by a specified, usually very short term of
incarceration
correctional clients - ANSWERSprison inmates, probationers, parolees, offenders
assigned to alternative sentencing programs, and those held in jails
violent crime - ANSWERSinterpersonal crime that involves the use of force by offenders
or results in injury or death to victims. In FBI's Uniform Crime Reports, violent crimes
are murder, forcible rape, robbery and aggravated assault
property crime - ANSWERSburglary, larceny, theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson as
reported in the FBI's Uniform Crime Reports
crime index - ANSWERSan annual statistical tally of major crimes known to law
enforcement agencies in the US
crime rate - ANSWERSthe number of major crimes reported for each unit of population
criminal justice - ANSWERSthe process of achieving justice through the application of
the criminal law and through the workings of the criminal justice system
criminal justice system - ANSWERSthe collection of all agencies that perform criminal
justice functions, whether these are operations or administration or technical support.
The basic divisions of the criminal justice system are police, courts, and corrections
adjudication - ANSWERSthe final process by which a court arrives at a final decision in
a case
arraignment - ANSWERSan appearance in court prior to trial in a criminal proceeding
, nolo contendere - ANSWERSa plea of "no contest". A no-contest plea may be used
where a defendant does not wish to contest conviction. Because plea does not admit
guilt, howeverm it cannot provide the basis for later civil suits
institutional corrections - ANSWERSthe aspect of the correctional enterprise that
"involves the incarceration and rehabilitation of adults and juveniles convicted of
offenses against the law, and the confinement of persons suspected of a crime and
awaiting trial and adjudication
noninstitutional corrections - ANSWERSthat aspect of the correctional enterprise that
includes "pardon, probation, and parole activities
corrections - ANSWERSall the carious aspects of the pretrial and postconviction
management of the individuals accused or convicted of crimes
mores - ANSWERScultural restrictions on behavior that forbid serious violations
folkways - ANSWERStime-honored ways of doing things
criminal law - ANSWERSportion of the law that defines crimes and specifies criminal
punishments
profession - ANSWERSan occupation granted high social status by virtue of the
personal integrity of its member
evidence based penology - ANSWERSthe application of social scientfic techniques to
the study of everyday corrections procedures for the purpose of increasing
effectiveness and enhancing efficient use of available resources
corrections professional - ANSWERSa dedicated person of high moral character and
personal integrity who is employed in the field of corrections and takes professionalism
to heart
professional associations - ANSWERSorganized groups of like-minded individuals who
work to enhance the professional status of members of their occupational group
certification - ANSWERSa credentialing proces, usually involving testing and career
development assessment, through the skills, knowledge, and abilities of correctional
personnel can be formally recognized
racism - ANSWERSthe practices that explicitly or implicitly attributes merit or allocate
value to individuals solely because of their race
efforts in the last two decades that are declining in popularity - ANSWERSthe drug on
war, mandatory sentencing, supermax prisons, and the abandonment of treatment
programming.
The 21St Century.
crime - ANSWERSa violation of a criminal law
prison - ANSWERSa state or federal confinement facility that has custodial authority
over adults sentenced to confinement
felony - ANSWERSa serious criminal offense; specifically one punishable by death or
by incarceration in a prison for more than a year
misdemeanor - ANSWERSa relatively minor violation of the criminal law, such as petty
theft or simple assault, punishable by confinement for one year or less
infraction - ANSWERSa minor violation of state statute or local ordinance punishable by
fine or other penalty, but not incarceration, or by a specified, usually very short term of
incarceration
correctional clients - ANSWERSprison inmates, probationers, parolees, offenders
assigned to alternative sentencing programs, and those held in jails
violent crime - ANSWERSinterpersonal crime that involves the use of force by offenders
or results in injury or death to victims. In FBI's Uniform Crime Reports, violent crimes
are murder, forcible rape, robbery and aggravated assault
property crime - ANSWERSburglary, larceny, theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson as
reported in the FBI's Uniform Crime Reports
crime index - ANSWERSan annual statistical tally of major crimes known to law
enforcement agencies in the US
crime rate - ANSWERSthe number of major crimes reported for each unit of population
criminal justice - ANSWERSthe process of achieving justice through the application of
the criminal law and through the workings of the criminal justice system
criminal justice system - ANSWERSthe collection of all agencies that perform criminal
justice functions, whether these are operations or administration or technical support.
The basic divisions of the criminal justice system are police, courts, and corrections
adjudication - ANSWERSthe final process by which a court arrives at a final decision in
a case
arraignment - ANSWERSan appearance in court prior to trial in a criminal proceeding
, nolo contendere - ANSWERSa plea of "no contest". A no-contest plea may be used
where a defendant does not wish to contest conviction. Because plea does not admit
guilt, howeverm it cannot provide the basis for later civil suits
institutional corrections - ANSWERSthe aspect of the correctional enterprise that
"involves the incarceration and rehabilitation of adults and juveniles convicted of
offenses against the law, and the confinement of persons suspected of a crime and
awaiting trial and adjudication
noninstitutional corrections - ANSWERSthat aspect of the correctional enterprise that
includes "pardon, probation, and parole activities
corrections - ANSWERSall the carious aspects of the pretrial and postconviction
management of the individuals accused or convicted of crimes
mores - ANSWERScultural restrictions on behavior that forbid serious violations
folkways - ANSWERStime-honored ways of doing things
criminal law - ANSWERSportion of the law that defines crimes and specifies criminal
punishments
profession - ANSWERSan occupation granted high social status by virtue of the
personal integrity of its member
evidence based penology - ANSWERSthe application of social scientfic techniques to
the study of everyday corrections procedures for the purpose of increasing
effectiveness and enhancing efficient use of available resources
corrections professional - ANSWERSa dedicated person of high moral character and
personal integrity who is employed in the field of corrections and takes professionalism
to heart
professional associations - ANSWERSorganized groups of like-minded individuals who
work to enhance the professional status of members of their occupational group
certification - ANSWERSa credentialing proces, usually involving testing and career
development assessment, through the skills, knowledge, and abilities of correctional
personnel can be formally recognized
racism - ANSWERSthe practices that explicitly or implicitly attributes merit or allocate
value to individuals solely because of their race
efforts in the last two decades that are declining in popularity - ANSWERSthe drug on
war, mandatory sentencing, supermax prisons, and the abandonment of treatment
programming.
