COM 383 Exam 3 Questions with
complete solution
Criticism - correct answer ✔Discovering and mapping out rhetoric in science
Reconstruction - correct answer ✔Embedding reason in human life and
rethinking argument
How was the Enlightenment confidence in science and reason shaken -
correct answer ✔People were mastering both nature and humanity which
makes everything a tool.
How does rhetoric challenge the value-free model of science advocated by
logical positivists? - correct answer ✔Value-free science is meaningless
because the words mean nothing if they aren't precise. Physical language is
needed (Carnap)
According to Alan Gross, what is the contextual model of public understanding
of science, - correct answer ✔contextual model wants science and the public
to work together (interaction and symmetry), to emphasize persuasion and
building trust
How does the contextual model of public understanding differ from the deficit
model? - correct answer ✔Deficit model wants to demonstrate, not
persuade, science thrives but the public gets deficient
According to Dierdre McCloskey, how does rhetorical style affect the practice
of science? - correct answer ✔The authoritarian styles stresses method of
compelling proof and decisive experimentation aimed at prediction and
control. Makes the practice of science really precise
, What is the significance of Darwin's use of metaphor? - correct answer
✔organize his observations, structure the vague concepts, and ultimately
render his observations meaningful and intelligible.
According to Joseph Wenzel, what are the three perspectives on argument,
and which of these perspectives would Wayne Brockriede fall under? - correct
answer ✔•Argument as product (Toulmin): Logic. Making an argument
•Argument as procedure (Habermas): Dialectics. Argumentation
•Argument as process (Brockriede): Rhetoric. Having an argument
Claim - correct answer ✔a controvertible statement about a matter
Evidence - correct answer ✔proof to support the claim
Warrant - correct answer ✔an explanation of why the data presented
sufficiently proves the claim. In other words, it answers the question "why
does the data mean that the claim is true?"
Backing - correct answer ✔evidence further supporting the warrant,
demonstrating that the reasoning is itself true
Rebuttal - correct answer ✔acknowledgement of and response to possible
objections
Qualifier - correct answer ✔indicator of the strength of the claim, for
example: always, generally, under current conditions, probably, never...
complete solution
Criticism - correct answer ✔Discovering and mapping out rhetoric in science
Reconstruction - correct answer ✔Embedding reason in human life and
rethinking argument
How was the Enlightenment confidence in science and reason shaken -
correct answer ✔People were mastering both nature and humanity which
makes everything a tool.
How does rhetoric challenge the value-free model of science advocated by
logical positivists? - correct answer ✔Value-free science is meaningless
because the words mean nothing if they aren't precise. Physical language is
needed (Carnap)
According to Alan Gross, what is the contextual model of public understanding
of science, - correct answer ✔contextual model wants science and the public
to work together (interaction and symmetry), to emphasize persuasion and
building trust
How does the contextual model of public understanding differ from the deficit
model? - correct answer ✔Deficit model wants to demonstrate, not
persuade, science thrives but the public gets deficient
According to Dierdre McCloskey, how does rhetorical style affect the practice
of science? - correct answer ✔The authoritarian styles stresses method of
compelling proof and decisive experimentation aimed at prediction and
control. Makes the practice of science really precise
, What is the significance of Darwin's use of metaphor? - correct answer
✔organize his observations, structure the vague concepts, and ultimately
render his observations meaningful and intelligible.
According to Joseph Wenzel, what are the three perspectives on argument,
and which of these perspectives would Wayne Brockriede fall under? - correct
answer ✔•Argument as product (Toulmin): Logic. Making an argument
•Argument as procedure (Habermas): Dialectics. Argumentation
•Argument as process (Brockriede): Rhetoric. Having an argument
Claim - correct answer ✔a controvertible statement about a matter
Evidence - correct answer ✔proof to support the claim
Warrant - correct answer ✔an explanation of why the data presented
sufficiently proves the claim. In other words, it answers the question "why
does the data mean that the claim is true?"
Backing - correct answer ✔evidence further supporting the warrant,
demonstrating that the reasoning is itself true
Rebuttal - correct answer ✔acknowledgement of and response to possible
objections
Qualifier - correct answer ✔indicator of the strength of the claim, for
example: always, generally, under current conditions, probably, never...
