HLTH 221 Applied Human Anatomy &
Physiology I
Final Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which type of connective tissue forms tendons and ligaments?
A. Dense irregular connective tissue
B. Dense regular connective tissue
C. Areolar connective tissue
D. Reticular connective tissue
ANS: B. Dense regular connective tissue
Rationale: Dense regular connective tissue has tightly packed
collagen fibers arranged parallel, providing strength and
flexibility for tendons and ligaments.
©2025
,2. What structure in the cell is primarily responsible for producing
ATP?
A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondria
C. Lysosome
D. Golgi apparatus
ANS: B. Mitochondria
Rationale: Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell,
generating ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
3. Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?
A. Cerebrum
B. Brainstem
C. Cerebellum
D. Thalamus
ANS: C. Cerebellum
Rationale: The cerebellum regulates motor control, balance,
and coordination.
4. Which ion is essential for muscle contraction and is released
from the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
A. Sodium (Na⁺)
©2025
, B. Potassium (K⁺)
C. Calcium (Ca²⁺)
D. Magnesium (Mg²⁺)
ANS: C. Calcium (Ca²⁺)
Rationale: Calcium ions bind to troponin, triggering muscle
contraction.
---
True/False Questions
5. The diaphragm is an involuntary muscle responsible for
respiration.
ANS: False
Rationale: The diaphragm is a voluntary muscle controlled
by the somatic nervous system, though it can function
automatically during breathing.
6. Bone tissue is primarily composed of collagen fibers and
calcium phosphate crystals.
ANS: True
Rationale: Bone matrix includes organic components
(collagen) and inorganic calcium phosphate for strength and
flexibility.
©2025
, 7. Action potentials travel faster in unmyelinated axons than in
myelinated axons.
ANS: False
Rationale: Myelinated axons conduct action potentials more
quickly due to saltatory conduction.
---
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
8. The ________ is the functional unit of the kidney responsible
for filtering blood and forming urine.
ANS: Nephron
Rationale: Nephrons filter blood, regulate electrolyte balance,
and excrete waste.
9. The ________ valve prevents backflow of blood from the right
ventricle to the right atrium.
ANS: Tricuspid
Rationale: The tricuspid valve ensures one-way flow between
the right atrium and ventricle.
©2025
Physiology I
Final Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which type of connective tissue forms tendons and ligaments?
A. Dense irregular connective tissue
B. Dense regular connective tissue
C. Areolar connective tissue
D. Reticular connective tissue
ANS: B. Dense regular connective tissue
Rationale: Dense regular connective tissue has tightly packed
collagen fibers arranged parallel, providing strength and
flexibility for tendons and ligaments.
©2025
,2. What structure in the cell is primarily responsible for producing
ATP?
A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondria
C. Lysosome
D. Golgi apparatus
ANS: B. Mitochondria
Rationale: Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell,
generating ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
3. Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?
A. Cerebrum
B. Brainstem
C. Cerebellum
D. Thalamus
ANS: C. Cerebellum
Rationale: The cerebellum regulates motor control, balance,
and coordination.
4. Which ion is essential for muscle contraction and is released
from the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
A. Sodium (Na⁺)
©2025
, B. Potassium (K⁺)
C. Calcium (Ca²⁺)
D. Magnesium (Mg²⁺)
ANS: C. Calcium (Ca²⁺)
Rationale: Calcium ions bind to troponin, triggering muscle
contraction.
---
True/False Questions
5. The diaphragm is an involuntary muscle responsible for
respiration.
ANS: False
Rationale: The diaphragm is a voluntary muscle controlled
by the somatic nervous system, though it can function
automatically during breathing.
6. Bone tissue is primarily composed of collagen fibers and
calcium phosphate crystals.
ANS: True
Rationale: Bone matrix includes organic components
(collagen) and inorganic calcium phosphate for strength and
flexibility.
©2025
, 7. Action potentials travel faster in unmyelinated axons than in
myelinated axons.
ANS: False
Rationale: Myelinated axons conduct action potentials more
quickly due to saltatory conduction.
---
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
8. The ________ is the functional unit of the kidney responsible
for filtering blood and forming urine.
ANS: Nephron
Rationale: Nephrons filter blood, regulate electrolyte balance,
and excrete waste.
9. The ________ valve prevents backflow of blood from the right
ventricle to the right atrium.
ANS: Tricuspid
Rationale: The tricuspid valve ensures one-way flow between
the right atrium and ventricle.
©2025
