HLTH 222 Applied Human Anatomy &
Physiology II
Final Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which hormone regulates the reabsorption of water in the
kidney’s collecting ducts?
A. Aldosterone
B. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C. Cortisol
D. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
**ANS:** B. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
**Rationale:** ADH increases water reabsorption in the
kidneys by acting on the collecting ducts, reducing urine output.
©2025
,2. What chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood into the
systemic circulation?
A. Right atrium
B. Left atrium
C. Right ventricle
D. Left ventricle
**ANS:** D. Left ventricle
**Rationale:** The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood
through the aorta to supply the systemic circulation.
3. Which segment of the small intestine is primarily responsible
for nutrient absorption?
A. Duodenum
B. Ileum
C. Jejunum
D. Cecum
**ANS:** C. Jejunum
**Rationale:** The jejunum contains specialized villi and
microvilli that facilitate nutrient absorption.
4. Which structure in the respiratory system prevents food from
entering the trachea?
©2025
, A. Epiglottis
B. Larynx
C. Pharynx
D. Bronchi
**ANS:** A. Epiglottis
**Rationale:** The epiglottis acts as a flap that closes the
airway during swallowing, directing food into the esophagus.
---
### **True/False Questions**
5. The hepatic portal vein transports oxygen-rich blood to the
liver.
**ANS:** False
**Rationale:** The hepatic portal vein carries nutrient-rich but
oxygen-poor blood from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver for
processing.
6. The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions.
**ANS:** True
**Rationale:** The pancreas secretes insulin and glucagon
(endocrine) and digestive enzymes (exocrine).
©2025
, 7. The sinoatrial (SA) node is known as the heart’s natural
pacemaker.
**ANS:** True
**Rationale:** The SA node initiates electrical impulses that
regulate heart rhythm.
---
### **Fill-in-the-Blank Questions**
8. The ________ is the functional unit of the lung responsible for
gas exchange.
**ANS:** Alveolus
**Rationale:** The alveoli are microscopic air sacs where
oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the lungs and
blood.
9. ________ is the name of the process by which food is propelled
through the digestive tract by smooth muscle contractions.
**ANS:** Peristalsis
**Rationale:** Peristalsis involves rhythmic contractions of
smooth muscles, moving food along the gastrointestinal tract.
©2025
Physiology II
Final Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which hormone regulates the reabsorption of water in the
kidney’s collecting ducts?
A. Aldosterone
B. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C. Cortisol
D. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
**ANS:** B. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
**Rationale:** ADH increases water reabsorption in the
kidneys by acting on the collecting ducts, reducing urine output.
©2025
,2. What chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood into the
systemic circulation?
A. Right atrium
B. Left atrium
C. Right ventricle
D. Left ventricle
**ANS:** D. Left ventricle
**Rationale:** The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood
through the aorta to supply the systemic circulation.
3. Which segment of the small intestine is primarily responsible
for nutrient absorption?
A. Duodenum
B. Ileum
C. Jejunum
D. Cecum
**ANS:** C. Jejunum
**Rationale:** The jejunum contains specialized villi and
microvilli that facilitate nutrient absorption.
4. Which structure in the respiratory system prevents food from
entering the trachea?
©2025
, A. Epiglottis
B. Larynx
C. Pharynx
D. Bronchi
**ANS:** A. Epiglottis
**Rationale:** The epiglottis acts as a flap that closes the
airway during swallowing, directing food into the esophagus.
---
### **True/False Questions**
5. The hepatic portal vein transports oxygen-rich blood to the
liver.
**ANS:** False
**Rationale:** The hepatic portal vein carries nutrient-rich but
oxygen-poor blood from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver for
processing.
6. The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions.
**ANS:** True
**Rationale:** The pancreas secretes insulin and glucagon
(endocrine) and digestive enzymes (exocrine).
©2025
, 7. The sinoatrial (SA) node is known as the heart’s natural
pacemaker.
**ANS:** True
**Rationale:** The SA node initiates electrical impulses that
regulate heart rhythm.
---
### **Fill-in-the-Blank Questions**
8. The ________ is the functional unit of the lung responsible for
gas exchange.
**ANS:** Alveolus
**Rationale:** The alveoli are microscopic air sacs where
oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the lungs and
blood.
9. ________ is the name of the process by which food is propelled
through the digestive tract by smooth muscle contractions.
**ANS:** Peristalsis
**Rationale:** Peristalsis involves rhythmic contractions of
smooth muscles, moving food along the gastrointestinal tract.
©2025
