NAO Book 1 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+
Reflex tears - Answer - ✔ Produced by lacrimal glands & are caused by stimulus such
as coughing, sneezing, strong smells & emotions
Layers of tear film (outer-innermost) - Answer - ✔ Lipid, aqueous, mucin
Tear lake, tear prism, tear meniscus - Answer - ✔ Collection of the thin film of tears on
the lower lid margin
Ectropia - Answer - ✔ Eyelids turn outward
Entropion - Answer - ✔ Eyelids turn inward
Conjunctiva - Answer - ✔ Mucous membrane lining lids & globe
Goblet cells - Answer - ✔ produce mucus
Conjunctivitis - Answer - ✔ inflammation of the conjunctiva
First tunic (outer tunic) - Answer - ✔ Sclera, cornea, limbus
2nd tunic (middle tunic) - Answer - ✔ Sclera-retina (iris, ciliary body, choroid)
3rd tunic (inner tunic) - Answer - ✔ Retina
Outer tunic - Answer - ✔ Fibrous; receives O2 from tears and blood vessels
Layers of the cornea (outermost-innermost) - Answer - ✔ Epithelium, Bowman's layer,
stroma, descements membrane, endothelium
Epithelium - Answer - ✔ Has 5-7 layers
Bowman's layer - Answer - ✔ If damaged, scar tissue will form
Endothelium - Answer - ✔ If deprived of O2, will lost cells quickly & cause swelling
, Average power of the cornea - Answer - ✔ 42.00-45.00 diopters
Canal of Schlemm - Answer - ✔ Encircles the lumbar region; where aqueous drains into
the trabecular meshwork
Middle tunic - Answer - ✔ vascular
Inner tunic - Answer - ✔ Light sensitive
Anterior chamber - Answer - ✔ Back surface of the cornea & the iris
Posterior chamber - Answer - ✔ Between the iris and crystalline lens
Anisocoria - Answer - ✔ unequal pupil size
Iritis - Answer - ✔ inflammation of the iris
Sphincter - Answer - ✔ Muscle that constricts, causing the pupil to become smaller
Dilator - Answer - ✔ Muscle dilates causing the pupil to become larger
Floaters - Answer - ✔ Located in the vitreous
Aphakia - Answer - ✔ Absence of the crystalline lens
Presbyopia - Answer - ✔ loss of accommodation
6 extraocular muscles - Answer - ✔ Medial rectus, lateral rectus, inferior rectus, superior
rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique
-tropia - Answer - ✔ A definite turning of the eye
Tear film - Answer - ✔ How the cornea primarily received it's nutrients
Irregular astigmatism - Answer - ✔ A refractive condition caused by a cornea which is
damaged and irregular so that rays of light come to many focal points on the retina; is
not correctable by cylinders.
Anisometropia - Answer - ✔ significant unequal refractive error between two eyes
choroid - Answer - ✔ Primary purpose is to supply nutrients to the retina
photopic - Answer - ✔ Using cones in lighted conditions
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+
Reflex tears - Answer - ✔ Produced by lacrimal glands & are caused by stimulus such
as coughing, sneezing, strong smells & emotions
Layers of tear film (outer-innermost) - Answer - ✔ Lipid, aqueous, mucin
Tear lake, tear prism, tear meniscus - Answer - ✔ Collection of the thin film of tears on
the lower lid margin
Ectropia - Answer - ✔ Eyelids turn outward
Entropion - Answer - ✔ Eyelids turn inward
Conjunctiva - Answer - ✔ Mucous membrane lining lids & globe
Goblet cells - Answer - ✔ produce mucus
Conjunctivitis - Answer - ✔ inflammation of the conjunctiva
First tunic (outer tunic) - Answer - ✔ Sclera, cornea, limbus
2nd tunic (middle tunic) - Answer - ✔ Sclera-retina (iris, ciliary body, choroid)
3rd tunic (inner tunic) - Answer - ✔ Retina
Outer tunic - Answer - ✔ Fibrous; receives O2 from tears and blood vessels
Layers of the cornea (outermost-innermost) - Answer - ✔ Epithelium, Bowman's layer,
stroma, descements membrane, endothelium
Epithelium - Answer - ✔ Has 5-7 layers
Bowman's layer - Answer - ✔ If damaged, scar tissue will form
Endothelium - Answer - ✔ If deprived of O2, will lost cells quickly & cause swelling
, Average power of the cornea - Answer - ✔ 42.00-45.00 diopters
Canal of Schlemm - Answer - ✔ Encircles the lumbar region; where aqueous drains into
the trabecular meshwork
Middle tunic - Answer - ✔ vascular
Inner tunic - Answer - ✔ Light sensitive
Anterior chamber - Answer - ✔ Back surface of the cornea & the iris
Posterior chamber - Answer - ✔ Between the iris and crystalline lens
Anisocoria - Answer - ✔ unequal pupil size
Iritis - Answer - ✔ inflammation of the iris
Sphincter - Answer - ✔ Muscle that constricts, causing the pupil to become smaller
Dilator - Answer - ✔ Muscle dilates causing the pupil to become larger
Floaters - Answer - ✔ Located in the vitreous
Aphakia - Answer - ✔ Absence of the crystalline lens
Presbyopia - Answer - ✔ loss of accommodation
6 extraocular muscles - Answer - ✔ Medial rectus, lateral rectus, inferior rectus, superior
rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique
-tropia - Answer - ✔ A definite turning of the eye
Tear film - Answer - ✔ How the cornea primarily received it's nutrients
Irregular astigmatism - Answer - ✔ A refractive condition caused by a cornea which is
damaged and irregular so that rays of light come to many focal points on the retina; is
not correctable by cylinders.
Anisometropia - Answer - ✔ significant unequal refractive error between two eyes
choroid - Answer - ✔ Primary purpose is to supply nutrients to the retina
photopic - Answer - ✔ Using cones in lighted conditions
