HES 354 Exam 2 | Questions with 100% Correct Answers

HES 354 Exam 2 | Questions with 100% Correct Answers Which interactive process is why we have included Social Cognitive Theory as a social/environmental theory rather than an individual-oriented theory? Reciprocal determinism Which of the following is a broad area of theory whose implications range from sociological and health-related applications to communications, political opinion, esoteric mathematical and systems theory applications, and others? Social Network Theory The health promotion goal of which of the following is to have people voluntarily adopt the health behavior or health technology because they come to view the behavior (or technology) as in their interest? Social Marketing Which of the following refers to the "uptake" of the behavior or technology by the intended audience? Adoption The first step in the innovation-decision process of Diffusion of Innovation is: having knowledge of the innovation Your innovative exercise program will become mainstream and part of the social culture as soon as which of the following groups on the adoption curve begin to use it? Early majority You are planning a comprehensive, year-long lead poisoning prevention program for the small rural community of ABC Village. Your first intervention must be a communication campaign to increase awareness of the problem. Which of the following theories would be most appropriate to use as the framework for the whole program? Diffusion of Innovation Which of the following is NOT a construct of Social-Cognitive Theory (SCT)? Behaviorism Social Cognitive Theory is very complex, and because it includes so many constructs that are said to be related to behavior, it can be viewed as less of a theory than a generally related "grab-bag." True Social Cognitive Theory has gone through several evolutions, yet all of the components ever included in the theory are still "hanging around." True Essentially, which of the following is both a philosophy and an approach to organizational change that views organizations as systems of human beings? Organizational development The whole enterprise of encoding something as gossip aims to utilize the medium of a peer group or community to send part of the message. True Just like in political campaigns, the use of media and communications in public health aims to affect the agenda of what people are concerned about in order to set the stage for or to prompt action. True There will always be a political-economic context that has an effect on what people do and what they can or cannot do. True Health promotion, disease prevention, and health care are all accomplished primarily through community mobilization. False Although an individual child does not interact directly with the __________, the child's development is directly affected because this system includes structures and units such as the workplace, social services, and health services that have an effect on the child's well-being. Exosystem Which of the following came out of a view that the most commonly used theoretical approaches and resulting health promotion interventions address only pieces of the puzzle? Flay's Theory of Triadic Influence The chronosystem is really just the factor of time added to the other system levels—the multiple systems, operating over time. True Streams and substreams of influence flow from the most distant causes to causes closest to the behavior of concern in a cascade of multiple interacting influences. True Social Cognitive Theory -first called Social Learning Theory -learning by observation of others (vicarious learning) -SLT grew to include other constructs related to an individuals interaction with the environment (self-efficacy) SCT theory essence sentence behavior, individual factors, and environmental factors interact with each other Reciprocal determinism the interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment Critiques of SCT SCT is very complex; it can be viewed as less of a theory than a related "grab-bag" of constructs. SCT has gone through a number of evolutions; as it evolved, it retained earlier constructs, increasing the general complexity of SCT and reducing its clarity as a theory. Social Network Theory Focuses on the influence of social networks on behavior, and the relationships between and among individuals and how those influence behavior, in this theory individual characteristics are NOT important Stops for using SNT 1. identify important characteristics of the network 2. development of an intervention that works with the network as the facilitator Critiques of SNT • SNT is a limited theory and approach - primarily useful for small or defined group interventions. • Using SNT is labor-intensive and can be difficult. Identifying networks/network members and conducting interviews is time consuming; in some circumstances, confidentiality concerns can be a barrier. Diffusion of Innovation and Social Marketing -similar characteristics -less theory driven -description of process of how behavior tends to change in groups of people or communities Diffusion of Innovation -addresses gap between introduction of a new technology or behavior and the actual adoption of behavior -emphasis on dissemination DOI theory essence sentence behavior changes as innovation are adopted DOI process -innovation development -dissemination (communication) -adoption*** -implementation (initial use) -maintenance DOI Categories of Adopters -innovators (2.5%) -early adopters (12.5%) -early majority (34%) -late majority (34%) -laggards (16%) DOI top five attributes determining speed and extent of diffusion -relative advantage (is innovation better than what it will replace) -compatibility (does innovation fit w audience) -complexity -trialability (can innovation be tried before making decision to adopt) -observability (are results observable and easily measurable) Social Marketing -goal is to influence "consumers" to "buy" a behavior change or health related technology -often uses behavioral theories to target changes in health risk behavior Social Marketing four P's Product, Price, Place, Promotion Laswell's Model of Communication WHO says WHAT to WHOM in which CHANNEL and with what EFFECT -sender, message, channel, receiver