SOUL BELIEFS EXAM 1 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
hunter-gatherers - Answers :type of society that stems from the need for planning, starts
to have a hierarchical system
egalitarian - Answers :A society, organization, or group characterized by having little or
very low levels of inequality.
ancestor worship - Answers :honoring ancestors through rituals, such as offering food
and wine to the dead
Ritualized music - Answers :Tribes would dance to get them closer the ancestors.
immediate return system - Answers :"Got food?" Eat it now. Minimum attention to the
future.
EX: Piraha Tribe: 1) Catch fish and eat immediately
2) Traded a fish for a shovel and then threw the shovel away
Hadza Tribe - Answers :northern Tanzania, they followed the immediate return
system(according to which you live in the present and there is no planning for the
future). Didn't really have beliefs in afterlife. Considered death as a matter of due
course. Simple burials.
Piraha Tribe - Answers :-Amazon river Brazil
-"don't sleep there are snakes" -Daniel Everett
-egalitarian
-immediate experience is all that counts
-history of no interest
-children raised to be self sufficient
-getting ahead not part of view
-not much evidence of afterlife beliefs
Gilgamesh - Answers :A legendary Sumerian king who was the hero of an epic
collection of mythic stories
Ancient Egypt - Answers :-Believed in the body, ba, ka, akh
-Religion was polytheistic, meaning the religion had many gods.
Ka soul - Answers :soul (located in the heart); life force
Ba soul - Answers :-in pics, has wings
-not a physical entity
-sum of all nonphysical things that make one different from another (character or
personality)
,Akh - Answers :The enduring and unchanging form of the deceased in the afterlife
created by the reunion of the ba and the ka. (spirit)
Homer - Answers :A Greek poet, author of the Iliad and the Odyssey
Pythagoras - Answers :Greek philosopher and mathematician who proved the
Pythagorean theorem
Dualism - Answers :mind and body are separate
Monism - Answers :the presumption that mind and body are different aspects of the
same thing
Irrational Element - Answers :Plato's view on the soul, The part of the soul that's
governed by lower animalistic appetites
rational element - Answers :Plato's view on the soul, The part of the soul that's
governed by higher reason
ritual salvation - Answers :-Hindu religion
-part of the way to live the ultimate reality
Monotheism - Answers :belief in only one god
Polytheism - Answers :Belief in many gods
Monolatry - Answers :the worship of one god without denial of the existence of other
gods.
Plato - Answers :Socrates' most well known pupil. Founded an academy in Athens.
Aristotle - Answers :Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the
Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics,
and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. In his philosophical system,
which led him to criticize what he saw as Plato's metaphysical excesses, theory follows
empirical observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the essential method of
rational inquiry.
Hesiod - Answers :Wrote "The Theogony"
Christianity - Answers :A monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old
Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and
emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior.
, Islam - Answers :A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which
stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the
Quran. Followers are called Muslims.
Hinduism - Answers :A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India,
characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms
Judaism - Answers :the monotheistic religion of the Jews.
Yahweh - Answers :Hebrew name for God
Initiation rites (cognitive dissonance) - Answers :Ritual that's done when someone is
admitted to the tribe. Cognitive dissonance is "the state of having inconsistent thoughts,
beliefs, attitudes" relating to behavior. Advantages to being in a group: protection, sense
of identity, who am I answered. Fear of punishment from God, so they all got closer as a
group. Almost forced to believe initiation process is worthwhile because of group
allegiance
Wade's argument - Answers :religion helped build societies and have them become
established under a common belief
Rituals - Answers :-a commonality of religions
Initiation rites - Answers :-a commonality of religions
-Rites of passage (birth, puberty, marriage, death)
Bargaining - Answers :-commonality between religions
-Ancient gods were treated as people who can be bargained with
-Ancient rituals and dancing was supposed to influence the gods
-Almost all religions contains sacrifice to influence the behavior of god(s)-a bargain
between the deity and the mortal
Sacrifices - Answers :-commonality between religions
-a way to get access to/influence the gods
Religiosity - Answers :
Hierarchical - Answers :-In many modern religions, access to god(s) may be controlled
by the hierarchy
freeloader - Answers :-Nothing is more corrosive to the group survival than freeloaders.
As cognitive capacity increase, members were able to deceive and take advantage of
others.
-a function of religion was that it handled free loaders by increasing sense of
community, responsibility, morals, and rules.
hunter-gatherers - Answers :type of society that stems from the need for planning, starts
to have a hierarchical system
egalitarian - Answers :A society, organization, or group characterized by having little or
very low levels of inequality.
ancestor worship - Answers :honoring ancestors through rituals, such as offering food
and wine to the dead
Ritualized music - Answers :Tribes would dance to get them closer the ancestors.
immediate return system - Answers :"Got food?" Eat it now. Minimum attention to the
future.
EX: Piraha Tribe: 1) Catch fish and eat immediately
2) Traded a fish for a shovel and then threw the shovel away
Hadza Tribe - Answers :northern Tanzania, they followed the immediate return
system(according to which you live in the present and there is no planning for the
future). Didn't really have beliefs in afterlife. Considered death as a matter of due
course. Simple burials.
Piraha Tribe - Answers :-Amazon river Brazil
-"don't sleep there are snakes" -Daniel Everett
-egalitarian
-immediate experience is all that counts
-history of no interest
-children raised to be self sufficient
-getting ahead not part of view
-not much evidence of afterlife beliefs
Gilgamesh - Answers :A legendary Sumerian king who was the hero of an epic
collection of mythic stories
Ancient Egypt - Answers :-Believed in the body, ba, ka, akh
-Religion was polytheistic, meaning the religion had many gods.
Ka soul - Answers :soul (located in the heart); life force
Ba soul - Answers :-in pics, has wings
-not a physical entity
-sum of all nonphysical things that make one different from another (character or
personality)
,Akh - Answers :The enduring and unchanging form of the deceased in the afterlife
created by the reunion of the ba and the ka. (spirit)
Homer - Answers :A Greek poet, author of the Iliad and the Odyssey
Pythagoras - Answers :Greek philosopher and mathematician who proved the
Pythagorean theorem
Dualism - Answers :mind and body are separate
Monism - Answers :the presumption that mind and body are different aspects of the
same thing
Irrational Element - Answers :Plato's view on the soul, The part of the soul that's
governed by lower animalistic appetites
rational element - Answers :Plato's view on the soul, The part of the soul that's
governed by higher reason
ritual salvation - Answers :-Hindu religion
-part of the way to live the ultimate reality
Monotheism - Answers :belief in only one god
Polytheism - Answers :Belief in many gods
Monolatry - Answers :the worship of one god without denial of the existence of other
gods.
Plato - Answers :Socrates' most well known pupil. Founded an academy in Athens.
Aristotle - Answers :Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the
Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics,
and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. In his philosophical system,
which led him to criticize what he saw as Plato's metaphysical excesses, theory follows
empirical observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the essential method of
rational inquiry.
Hesiod - Answers :Wrote "The Theogony"
Christianity - Answers :A monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old
Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and
emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior.
, Islam - Answers :A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which
stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the
Quran. Followers are called Muslims.
Hinduism - Answers :A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India,
characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms
Judaism - Answers :the monotheistic religion of the Jews.
Yahweh - Answers :Hebrew name for God
Initiation rites (cognitive dissonance) - Answers :Ritual that's done when someone is
admitted to the tribe. Cognitive dissonance is "the state of having inconsistent thoughts,
beliefs, attitudes" relating to behavior. Advantages to being in a group: protection, sense
of identity, who am I answered. Fear of punishment from God, so they all got closer as a
group. Almost forced to believe initiation process is worthwhile because of group
allegiance
Wade's argument - Answers :religion helped build societies and have them become
established under a common belief
Rituals - Answers :-a commonality of religions
Initiation rites - Answers :-a commonality of religions
-Rites of passage (birth, puberty, marriage, death)
Bargaining - Answers :-commonality between religions
-Ancient gods were treated as people who can be bargained with
-Ancient rituals and dancing was supposed to influence the gods
-Almost all religions contains sacrifice to influence the behavior of god(s)-a bargain
between the deity and the mortal
Sacrifices - Answers :-commonality between religions
-a way to get access to/influence the gods
Religiosity - Answers :
Hierarchical - Answers :-In many modern religions, access to god(s) may be controlled
by the hierarchy
freeloader - Answers :-Nothing is more corrosive to the group survival than freeloaders.
As cognitive capacity increase, members were able to deceive and take advantage of
others.
-a function of religion was that it handled free loaders by increasing sense of
community, responsibility, morals, and rules.
