1. Which of the following statements is accurate?
a. Labels affect individuals in a similar manner.
b. Labels attempt to describe, identify, and distinguish individuals who differ from the norm.
c. Labels tend to be stable across cultures.
d. Labels are given only to people who differ significantly from the average.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Bloom's: Remembering
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HESC.HARD.17.01.01 - Describe why do we continue to label people even when we
know it may have a negative effect on an individual.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundational
knowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standards
to inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance their
profession.
NOTES: The purpose of a label is to communicate specific differences in people who vary
significantly from what is considered “typical or normal.”
2. Sabah is a person with a physical disability who uses a wheelchair. Sabah must bank by mail because the only bank in
her town is not accessible by wheelchair. The term that most accurately describes the relationship between Sabah 's
condition and her lack of access to the bank is a
a. disability. b. handicap.
c. disturbance. d. disorder.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Bloom's: Applying
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HESC.HARD.17.01.01 - Describe why do we continue to label people even when we
know it may have a negative effect on an individual.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundational
knowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standards
to inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance their
profession.
NOTES: A handicap is a limitation imposed on the individual by environmental demands and is
related to the individual's ability to adapt or adjust to these demands.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1
, 3. The term "exceptional" describes individuals who
a. are limited because of environmental demands.
b. have higher than average general ability.
c. deviate either higher or lower from the norm and may require specialized services.
d. have a general malfunction of mental processing.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Bloom's: Remembering
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HESC.HARD.17.01.01 - Describe why do we continue to label people even when we
know it may have a negative effect on an individual.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundational
knowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standards
to inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance their
profession.
NOTES: Exceptional is a comprehensive label. It describes an individual whose physical,
intellectual, or behavioral performance differs substantially from what is typical (or
normal), either higher or lower.
4. All labels are
a. positive. b. negative.
c. based on perceptions d. factual.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Bloom's: Applying
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HESC.HARD.17.01.01 - Describe why do we continue to label people even when we
know it may have a negative effect on an individual.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundational
knowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standards
to inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance their
profession.
5. Labels are used to
a. distinguish who is eligible for services and who is not and to help professionals communicate effectively with
one another.
b. ensure that characteristics within a culture have the same meaning.
c. prohibit discrimination.
d. confirm environmental bias.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Bloom's: Understanding
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HESC.HARD.17.01.01 - Describe why do we continue to label people even when we
know it may have a negative effect on an individual.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundational
knowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standards
to inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance their
profession.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2
, 6. The developmental approach to labeling
a. defines normal according to standards established by a given culture.
b. uses statistics to describe what characteristics occur most frequently at a given age.
c. reflects an individual's perceptions about himself/herself.
d. defines normal as the absence of psychological abnormality.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Bloom's: Understanding
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HESC.HARD.17.01.02 - Identify three approaches to describe human differences.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundational
knowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standards
to inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance their
profession.
NOTES: The developmental approach is based on an understanding of normal human
development. This approach to labeling differences is based on observations of large
numbers of individuals and comparing an individual’s growth to the group average.
Differences in development are labeled accordingly.
7. According to the developmental approach, typical development can be determined
a. by assessing whether an individual is physically healthy.
b. by standards of parental perceptions.
c. by comparing a child's growth pattern to a group average.
d. by extensive psychological testing.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Bloom's: Understanding
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HESC.HARD.17.01.02 - Identify three approaches to describe human differences.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundational
knowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standards
to inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance their
profession.
NOTES: The developmental approach is based on an understanding of normal human
development. As such, this approach to labeling differences is based on deviations from
what is considered normal physical, social, or intellectual growth.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3
, 8. “Typical” as defined by the cultural perspective is determined by
a. values that are established within a given society.
b. a set of universal standards that can be applied from culture to culture.
c. by observing large number of individuals whose characteristics occur most frequently at a given age.
d. the range of abnormal behaviors that are present in a society.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Bloom's: Remembering
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HESC.HARD.17.01.02 - Identify three approaches to describe human differences.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundational
knowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standards
to inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance their
profession.
NOTES: From a cultural view, “typical” is defined by what any given society values.
9. Mohammed has just arrived at O'Hare Airport and is being greeted by Ms. Storm, a top executive of the Lakeshore
Development Company. Ms. Storm extends her hand to Mohammed, and he becomes embarrassed and agitated.
Where he lives shaking hands with a woman is considered to be inappropriate behavior. This difference is best
described by the _____ to labeling.
a. self-labeling approach b. developmental approach
c. universal approach d. cultural perspective
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Bloom's: Applying
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HESC.HARD.17.01.02 - Identify three approaches to describe human differences.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundational
knowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standards
to inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance their
profession.
NOTES: The standards in Mohammed's culture are different from those of Ms. Storm. What is
acceptable behavior for Mohammed places him in conflict with what is acceptable for
Ms. Storm.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4
a. Labels affect individuals in a similar manner.
b. Labels attempt to describe, identify, and distinguish individuals who differ from the norm.
c. Labels tend to be stable across cultures.
d. Labels are given only to people who differ significantly from the average.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Bloom's: Remembering
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HESC.HARD.17.01.01 - Describe why do we continue to label people even when we
know it may have a negative effect on an individual.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundational
knowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standards
to inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance their
profession.
NOTES: The purpose of a label is to communicate specific differences in people who vary
significantly from what is considered “typical or normal.”
2. Sabah is a person with a physical disability who uses a wheelchair. Sabah must bank by mail because the only bank in
her town is not accessible by wheelchair. The term that most accurately describes the relationship between Sabah 's
condition and her lack of access to the bank is a
a. disability. b. handicap.
c. disturbance. d. disorder.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Bloom's: Applying
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HESC.HARD.17.01.01 - Describe why do we continue to label people even when we
know it may have a negative effect on an individual.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundational
knowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standards
to inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance their
profession.
NOTES: A handicap is a limitation imposed on the individual by environmental demands and is
related to the individual's ability to adapt or adjust to these demands.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1
, 3. The term "exceptional" describes individuals who
a. are limited because of environmental demands.
b. have higher than average general ability.
c. deviate either higher or lower from the norm and may require specialized services.
d. have a general malfunction of mental processing.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Bloom's: Remembering
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HESC.HARD.17.01.01 - Describe why do we continue to label people even when we
know it may have a negative effect on an individual.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundational
knowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standards
to inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance their
profession.
NOTES: Exceptional is a comprehensive label. It describes an individual whose physical,
intellectual, or behavioral performance differs substantially from what is typical (or
normal), either higher or lower.
4. All labels are
a. positive. b. negative.
c. based on perceptions d. factual.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Bloom's: Applying
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HESC.HARD.17.01.01 - Describe why do we continue to label people even when we
know it may have a negative effect on an individual.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundational
knowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standards
to inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance their
profession.
5. Labels are used to
a. distinguish who is eligible for services and who is not and to help professionals communicate effectively with
one another.
b. ensure that characteristics within a culture have the same meaning.
c. prohibit discrimination.
d. confirm environmental bias.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Bloom's: Understanding
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HESC.HARD.17.01.01 - Describe why do we continue to label people even when we
know it may have a negative effect on an individual.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundational
knowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standards
to inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance their
profession.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2
, 6. The developmental approach to labeling
a. defines normal according to standards established by a given culture.
b. uses statistics to describe what characteristics occur most frequently at a given age.
c. reflects an individual's perceptions about himself/herself.
d. defines normal as the absence of psychological abnormality.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Bloom's: Understanding
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HESC.HARD.17.01.02 - Identify three approaches to describe human differences.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundational
knowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standards
to inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance their
profession.
NOTES: The developmental approach is based on an understanding of normal human
development. This approach to labeling differences is based on observations of large
numbers of individuals and comparing an individual’s growth to the group average.
Differences in development are labeled accordingly.
7. According to the developmental approach, typical development can be determined
a. by assessing whether an individual is physically healthy.
b. by standards of parental perceptions.
c. by comparing a child's growth pattern to a group average.
d. by extensive psychological testing.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Bloom's: Understanding
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HESC.HARD.17.01.02 - Identify three approaches to describe human differences.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundational
knowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standards
to inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance their
profession.
NOTES: The developmental approach is based on an understanding of normal human
development. As such, this approach to labeling differences is based on deviations from
what is considered normal physical, social, or intellectual growth.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3
, 8. “Typical” as defined by the cultural perspective is determined by
a. values that are established within a given society.
b. a set of universal standards that can be applied from culture to culture.
c. by observing large number of individuals whose characteristics occur most frequently at a given age.
d. the range of abnormal behaviors that are present in a society.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Bloom's: Remembering
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HESC.HARD.17.01.02 - Identify three approaches to describe human differences.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundational
knowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standards
to inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance their
profession.
NOTES: From a cultural view, “typical” is defined by what any given society values.
9. Mohammed has just arrived at O'Hare Airport and is being greeted by Ms. Storm, a top executive of the Lakeshore
Development Company. Ms. Storm extends her hand to Mohammed, and he becomes embarrassed and agitated.
Where he lives shaking hands with a woman is considered to be inappropriate behavior. This difference is best
described by the _____ to labeling.
a. self-labeling approach b. developmental approach
c. universal approach d. cultural perspective
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Bloom's: Applying
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HESC.HARD.17.01.02 - Identify three approaches to describe human differences.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundational
knowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standards
to inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance their
profession.
NOTES: The standards in Mohammed's culture are different from those of Ms. Storm. What is
acceptable behavior for Mohammed places him in conflict with what is acceptable for
Ms. Storm.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4
