PSY112 b
GENERALbEDUCATIONbPSYCHOLOGY
Courseboutbline
Educationalbpsychology;bDefinitionbofbpsychologybandbpsychology
;bEducationalbpsychologybasbabtruebco-effectivebteaching
;bResearchbmethodsbinbeducationalbpsychology
Definitionbofbpsychology
Thebtermbpsychologybrefersbtobthebscientificbstudybofbhumanbbehaviorbandbmentalbprocesses
I. Behavior -banythingbwebdobthatbcanbbebdirectlybobserved
II. Mentalbprocess-
bisbthoughts,bfeelingsbandbmotivesbthatbeachbofbusbexperiencesbbutbtheybcannotbobservebthem
Educationalbpsychology
Brunchbofbappliedbpsychologybwhichbseeksbtobapplybthebpsychologicalbprinciples,btheoriesbandbtechniquesbt
obhumanbbehaviorbinbeducationalbsetup
Thebsubjectbmatterbcoversbpsychologicalbwaysbandbmeansbofbimprovingballbaspectsbofbteachingblearningbprocess
esbincludingbtheblearner,blearningbmaterialsbenvironmentbasbwellbasbthebteacher
Relevance of educational psychology to a teacher
b b b b b b
a. Tobunderstandbthebstagesbofbdevelopmentb(infancy,bchildhoodbadolescencebandbadulthood)bandbth
eirbsetsbofbcharactersbandbattitudebasbregardsbmental,bphysicalbandbemotionalbdevelopment.bThisbhe
lpsbusbtobdesignbappropriatebcurriculumbandbdeterminebappropriatebmethodsbofbteachingbforblearne
rsbatbdifferentbstagesbofblife.
b. Tobknowbtheblearnerbandbunderstandbtheblearnersbinterest,battitudebandbaptitude.bThisbenablesbthebt
eacherbtobguidebtheblearnersbandbenhanceblearning.
c. Tobunderstandbindividualbdifferencesb.pupilsbandblearnersbrefersbtobtheirblevelbofbintelligence,b
attitudebdislikesbandblikesb.psychologybthusbhelpbthebteacherbtobusebthebappropriatebprocedure/
methodsbandbtechniquesbsuitablebforbdifferentbcategories.
d. Tobsolvebclassroombproblemsbexamplesbtruancy,bbulliesbandbpeerbpressurebbesidesbcheatingbinb
examination.bEducationalbpsychologybequippedbthebteacherbbybstudyingbthebcharacteristicsbandb
adjustments
e. Tobdevelopbnecessarybskillsbandbinterestbinbteaching
f. Tobunderstandbeffectivebmethodsbofbteaching.bEducationalbpsychologybhasbdiscoverbseveralbnewba
pproachesb,bprinciplesb,bmethodsbandbtechniquesbofbteachingbwhichbarebverybhealthfulbinbteachingble
arningbprocesses
DownloadbApp:bCloudSoftbCopy 0717422950 www.cloudsoftcomputers.com
, g. Tobunderstandbthebinfluencebofbhereditarybandbenvironmentbonbthebchild.bEducationalbpsychologyb
help
h. Tobunderstandbmentalbhealthbabchild.bAcceptbnaturalbwaysbofbchild’sblife
Itbalsobprovidesbthebteacherbwithbnecessarybinsightbtobimprovebitsbownbmentalbtobcopebwithbthebsituat
ion.
i. Tobunderstandbprocedurebforbcurriculumbconstruction.bThebcurriculumbshouldbbeblearnedbcenteredb
andbfulfillbthebmotivesbofblearner.
j. Forbguidancebandbcounselingbprovision.
k. Tobunderstandbprinciplesbofbevaluationbandbassessmentbandbthisbhelpbthebteacherbtobtestbtheb
potentialitybofbablearner.
l. Tobinculcatebpositivebandbcooperativebdiscipline.
m. Helpsbinbpreparationbofbtimetable.bKnowledgebinbpreparationbofbtimebtablebneedsbthoroughbunders
tandingbofbpsychology.bDifficultbsubjectblikebmathematicsbarebplacedbinbthebmorningbwhilebotherbe
asierbsubjectsblikebC.R.Ebarebplacedbinbthebafternoon.
n. Democraticbadministration.bSchoolsbandbclassroombadministrationbshouldbprovidebfreedombofb
expressionbtobtheblearnersbtobexplorebtheirbinnatebpower.
Research methods in educational psychology
b b b b
Researchbmethodbinbeducationalbpsychologybrefersbtobtheborderlyborbsystematicbtechniquesb
andbprocedures,bwhichbarebusedbinbcollectionbofbdata
Commonbresearchbmethodsbinclude;bInt
rospection-
bmadebofbtwobLatinbwordsbIntro-
binsideb/withinb/inward
Aspect of looking inward
b b b
I.e.blookingbwithinborblookingbinward
Itbisbabsortbofbselfbexaminationbinbwhichbonebperceives,banalysesbandbreportsbhisbownbfeelin
gsbandbeverythingbthatbtakesbplacebinbhisbmindbduringbthebcoursebofbabmentalbactb.forbexamp
les;
Whenbinbabstatebofbhunger,bonebmaybbebaskbtobdeterminebbybhisbownbobservationbwhatbhebo
rbshebsensed,bthought,borbfeltbatbthebtimebofbexperiencingbthatbemotion
Advantages
a. Thebcheapestbandbthebmostbeconomicalbmethod.bWhy?bNobneedbofbapparatusborblaboratoryb
forbitsbuse
b. Thisbmethodbcanbbebusedbanywherebandbanytime.bYoubcanbintrospectbwhilebworking,b
travelling,beatingbetc
c. Itbisbthebeasiestbmethodbandbreadilybavailablebtobindividual
d. Introspectivebdatabarebfirstbdatabasbthebpersonbhimselfbexaminebhisbownbactivities
e. Itbprovidesbadequatebknowledgebofbthebinnerbexperiencebandbthusbthebinnerbbehaviorbofbanbi
ndividualbinbthebformbofbthoughtborbfeelingsbcanbbebthroughbintrospection
DownloadbApp:bCloudSoftbCopy 0717422950 www.cloudsoftcomputers.com
, Limitation
a. Inbintrospection,bonebneedsbtobobserveborbexaminebonesbmentalbprocessesbinbthebformbofbt
hought,bfeelingbandbsensation.
b. Thebstatebofbone’sbmentalbprocessesbisbcontinuouslybdynamic/bchangingbthereforebwhenbco
ncentratebonbintrospectingbabparticularbfacebtobonesbmentalbactivity,bthatbfacesbpassesbout
c. Thebdatabcollectedbcannotbbebverifiedborbisbnotbisbnotbreadybforbverificationbbecausebtheb
personbmaybnotbpassbthroughbthebsamebfeelingborbmentalbstate
d. Introspectionbdatablacksbvaliditybandbliability.bItbimpossiblebtobacquirebvaliditybandb
exactnessbinbself-observationbofbone’sbownbmentalb processes.
e. Databcollectedbbybintrospectionbisbhighlybsubjective.bIbtbhasbdangerbofbbeingbbiasbandbi
nfluencedbbybfreebconceptionbofbthebindividual
f. Thebobserverbandbthebobservedbarebthebsamebhence,btherebisbhumblebscopebforbthebi
ndividualbtobliebdeliberatelybandbhidebsomebparts
g. Introspectionbcannotbbebappliedbtobchildren,banimalsbandbabnormalbpersons
h. Requiresbhighlybandbskilledbworkersbtobinterpret
SensationbattentionbandbperceptionbSe
nsation
RefersbtobthebprocessbbybwhichbwebreceivebfrombourbsensesbAttentio
n
RefersbtobfocusingbonbabspecificbaspectbofbexperiencebwhilebignoringbothersbC
haracterbofbattention
AttentionbisbselectivebI
tbisbshiftbable
WebcanbonlybfocusbourbattentionbonbonebparticularbactivitybIt
bisbthebmediatorbinbthebchainbofbstimulibresponse
Itbisbabprocessbandbnotbabproduct
Itbhelpsbinbthebclearbunderstandingbofbthebperceivebobjects
Itbisbnotbjustbabcommitivebfunctionbbutbitbisbemotion,binterest,battitude,bandbmotivation
Functionsbofbattention
Itbhelpsbtobbringbmentalbalertnessbandbpreparednessbforbanbactivity
Itbhelpsbtobreducebsensorybinterferencebfrombotherbirrelevantbactivity
ItballowsbacquiringbmaximumbinformationbfrombthebobjectborbenvironmentbIt
busebthebreinforcement bprocessionb andbclarifybwhateverbhasbbeenbreceived
Itbprovidesbstrengthbandbabilitybtobcontinuebthebtaskbofbcognitivebfactorsbdespitebthebobstacleb
presentbbybthebforcesbofbdestruction
Whenbattentionbisbparedbtobanbobject,btheybarebbetterbresultbinbtermsbofbqualitybandbquantitybo
fblearningb,brememberingb,btransferbofblearningb,breasoningbandbproblembsolving
Thebteacherbandbthebattention
DownloadbApp:bCloudSoftbCopy 0717422950 www.cloudsoftcomputers.com
, Inborderbtobeffectivelybteaching,bthebteacherbhasbtobensurebthebfollowingbarebputbinbplacebCre
atebnoveltybandbfamiliaritybduringbtheblessonb(newbideas)
Thebteacherbshouldbpresentbhisblessonsbbybchangingbthebstimulibandbthebteachingbmethodsb
Abgoodbteachingbtimetablebshouldbbebinbplacebforbinstanceb,bsubjectbthatbneedbfreshbbrainbs
houldbbebplacedbinbthebmorningbwhilebthosebthatbrequireblessbattentionbofbtheblearnerbshoul
dbbebplacedbinbthebafternoon
Thebteacherbshouldbusbthebcluesbthatbarebimportantbwhenbteachingblessonbsobasbtobinvolvebth
ebsubjectbmatter
Teachersbandbstudentsbmustbbebpreparing.bi.e.bbybdefiningbclearbobjectbandbtasksbandbactivity
bofbtheblesson
Thebteacherbshouldbusebvisualbaidsb,bfrequentlybasbpossible
Mutualbparticipationbcouplesbstudentsb teacherbshouldbbebencouragedbinbclassb Teaching
bshouldbrelatebthebsubject bmatterbtobthebactualblifebsituationbandbexperiences btobmakebthebl
essonbrelevant
Thebteacherbshouldbdrawbattentionbofbtheblearnerbandbmaintainbitbthroughbdemonstrations,bdispla
ybandb usebprobingbquestions
Perception
Thisbisbgivingbmeaningbtobthebsensorybstimulus
Thereforebitbisbcriticalbinbleaningbbecausebthebinformationbthatbentersbthebmemorybwillbbebinterna
llybperceivedb andbtakenbfrombthebenvironment
Ifbstudentbmisunderstandbthebinformationb,btheybholdbinbmemoryb,bthenbthebinformationbmayb
becomebinvalid
• Home
• Social
• Cognitive
• Perspectives
• Psychologists
• Developmental
• A-ZbIndex
Homeb›bPerspectivesb›bBehaviorismb›bOperantbConditioning
DownloadbApp:bCloudSoftbCopy 0717422950 www.cloudsoftcomputers.com
GENERALbEDUCATIONbPSYCHOLOGY
Courseboutbline
Educationalbpsychology;bDefinitionbofbpsychologybandbpsychology
;bEducationalbpsychologybasbabtruebco-effectivebteaching
;bResearchbmethodsbinbeducationalbpsychology
Definitionbofbpsychology
Thebtermbpsychologybrefersbtobthebscientificbstudybofbhumanbbehaviorbandbmentalbprocesses
I. Behavior -banythingbwebdobthatbcanbbebdirectlybobserved
II. Mentalbprocess-
bisbthoughts,bfeelingsbandbmotivesbthatbeachbofbusbexperiencesbbutbtheybcannotbobservebthem
Educationalbpsychology
Brunchbofbappliedbpsychologybwhichbseeksbtobapplybthebpsychologicalbprinciples,btheoriesbandbtechniquesbt
obhumanbbehaviorbinbeducationalbsetup
Thebsubjectbmatterbcoversbpsychologicalbwaysbandbmeansbofbimprovingballbaspectsbofbteachingblearningbprocess
esbincludingbtheblearner,blearningbmaterialsbenvironmentbasbwellbasbthebteacher
Relevance of educational psychology to a teacher
b b b b b b
a. Tobunderstandbthebstagesbofbdevelopmentb(infancy,bchildhoodbadolescencebandbadulthood)bandbth
eirbsetsbofbcharactersbandbattitudebasbregardsbmental,bphysicalbandbemotionalbdevelopment.bThisbhe
lpsbusbtobdesignbappropriatebcurriculumbandbdeterminebappropriatebmethodsbofbteachingbforblearne
rsbatbdifferentbstagesbofblife.
b. Tobknowbtheblearnerbandbunderstandbtheblearnersbinterest,battitudebandbaptitude.bThisbenablesbthebt
eacherbtobguidebtheblearnersbandbenhanceblearning.
c. Tobunderstandbindividualbdifferencesb.pupilsbandblearnersbrefersbtobtheirblevelbofbintelligence,b
attitudebdislikesbandblikesb.psychologybthusbhelpbthebteacherbtobusebthebappropriatebprocedure/
methodsbandbtechniquesbsuitablebforbdifferentbcategories.
d. Tobsolvebclassroombproblemsbexamplesbtruancy,bbulliesbandbpeerbpressurebbesidesbcheatingbinb
examination.bEducationalbpsychologybequippedbthebteacherbbybstudyingbthebcharacteristicsbandb
adjustments
e. Tobdevelopbnecessarybskillsbandbinterestbinbteaching
f. Tobunderstandbeffectivebmethodsbofbteaching.bEducationalbpsychologybhasbdiscoverbseveralbnewba
pproachesb,bprinciplesb,bmethodsbandbtechniquesbofbteachingbwhichbarebverybhealthfulbinbteachingble
arningbprocesses
DownloadbApp:bCloudSoftbCopy 0717422950 www.cloudsoftcomputers.com
, g. Tobunderstandbthebinfluencebofbhereditarybandbenvironmentbonbthebchild.bEducationalbpsychologyb
help
h. Tobunderstandbmentalbhealthbabchild.bAcceptbnaturalbwaysbofbchild’sblife
Itbalsobprovidesbthebteacherbwithbnecessarybinsightbtobimprovebitsbownbmentalbtobcopebwithbthebsituat
ion.
i. Tobunderstandbprocedurebforbcurriculumbconstruction.bThebcurriculumbshouldbbeblearnedbcenteredb
andbfulfillbthebmotivesbofblearner.
j. Forbguidancebandbcounselingbprovision.
k. Tobunderstandbprinciplesbofbevaluationbandbassessmentbandbthisbhelpbthebteacherbtobtestbtheb
potentialitybofbablearner.
l. Tobinculcatebpositivebandbcooperativebdiscipline.
m. Helpsbinbpreparationbofbtimetable.bKnowledgebinbpreparationbofbtimebtablebneedsbthoroughbunders
tandingbofbpsychology.bDifficultbsubjectblikebmathematicsbarebplacedbinbthebmorningbwhilebotherbe
asierbsubjectsblikebC.R.Ebarebplacedbinbthebafternoon.
n. Democraticbadministration.bSchoolsbandbclassroombadministrationbshouldbprovidebfreedombofb
expressionbtobtheblearnersbtobexplorebtheirbinnatebpower.
Research methods in educational psychology
b b b b
Researchbmethodbinbeducationalbpsychologybrefersbtobtheborderlyborbsystematicbtechniquesb
andbprocedures,bwhichbarebusedbinbcollectionbofbdata
Commonbresearchbmethodsbinclude;bInt
rospection-
bmadebofbtwobLatinbwordsbIntro-
binsideb/withinb/inward
Aspect of looking inward
b b b
I.e.blookingbwithinborblookingbinward
Itbisbabsortbofbselfbexaminationbinbwhichbonebperceives,banalysesbandbreportsbhisbownbfeelin
gsbandbeverythingbthatbtakesbplacebinbhisbmindbduringbthebcoursebofbabmentalbactb.forbexamp
les;
Whenbinbabstatebofbhunger,bonebmaybbebaskbtobdeterminebbybhisbownbobservationbwhatbhebo
rbshebsensed,bthought,borbfeltbatbthebtimebofbexperiencingbthatbemotion
Advantages
a. Thebcheapestbandbthebmostbeconomicalbmethod.bWhy?bNobneedbofbapparatusborblaboratoryb
forbitsbuse
b. Thisbmethodbcanbbebusedbanywherebandbanytime.bYoubcanbintrospectbwhilebworking,b
travelling,beatingbetc
c. Itbisbthebeasiestbmethodbandbreadilybavailablebtobindividual
d. Introspectivebdatabarebfirstbdatabasbthebpersonbhimselfbexaminebhisbownbactivities
e. Itbprovidesbadequatebknowledgebofbthebinnerbexperiencebandbthusbthebinnerbbehaviorbofbanbi
ndividualbinbthebformbofbthoughtborbfeelingsbcanbbebthroughbintrospection
DownloadbApp:bCloudSoftbCopy 0717422950 www.cloudsoftcomputers.com
, Limitation
a. Inbintrospection,bonebneedsbtobobserveborbexaminebonesbmentalbprocessesbinbthebformbofbt
hought,bfeelingbandbsensation.
b. Thebstatebofbone’sbmentalbprocessesbisbcontinuouslybdynamic/bchangingbthereforebwhenbco
ncentratebonbintrospectingbabparticularbfacebtobonesbmentalbactivity,bthatbfacesbpassesbout
c. Thebdatabcollectedbcannotbbebverifiedborbisbnotbisbnotbreadybforbverificationbbecausebtheb
personbmaybnotbpassbthroughbthebsamebfeelingborbmentalbstate
d. Introspectionbdatablacksbvaliditybandbliability.bItbimpossiblebtobacquirebvaliditybandb
exactnessbinbself-observationbofbone’sbownbmentalb processes.
e. Databcollectedbbybintrospectionbisbhighlybsubjective.bIbtbhasbdangerbofbbeingbbiasbandbi
nfluencedbbybfreebconceptionbofbthebindividual
f. Thebobserverbandbthebobservedbarebthebsamebhence,btherebisbhumblebscopebforbthebi
ndividualbtobliebdeliberatelybandbhidebsomebparts
g. Introspectionbcannotbbebappliedbtobchildren,banimalsbandbabnormalbpersons
h. Requiresbhighlybandbskilledbworkersbtobinterpret
SensationbattentionbandbperceptionbSe
nsation
RefersbtobthebprocessbbybwhichbwebreceivebfrombourbsensesbAttentio
n
RefersbtobfocusingbonbabspecificbaspectbofbexperiencebwhilebignoringbothersbC
haracterbofbattention
AttentionbisbselectivebI
tbisbshiftbable
WebcanbonlybfocusbourbattentionbonbonebparticularbactivitybIt
bisbthebmediatorbinbthebchainbofbstimulibresponse
Itbisbabprocessbandbnotbabproduct
Itbhelpsbinbthebclearbunderstandingbofbthebperceivebobjects
Itbisbnotbjustbabcommitivebfunctionbbutbitbisbemotion,binterest,battitude,bandbmotivation
Functionsbofbattention
Itbhelpsbtobbringbmentalbalertnessbandbpreparednessbforbanbactivity
Itbhelpsbtobreducebsensorybinterferencebfrombotherbirrelevantbactivity
ItballowsbacquiringbmaximumbinformationbfrombthebobjectborbenvironmentbIt
busebthebreinforcement bprocessionb andbclarifybwhateverbhasbbeenbreceived
Itbprovidesbstrengthbandbabilitybtobcontinuebthebtaskbofbcognitivebfactorsbdespitebthebobstacleb
presentbbybthebforcesbofbdestruction
Whenbattentionbisbparedbtobanbobject,btheybarebbetterbresultbinbtermsbofbqualitybandbquantitybo
fblearningb,brememberingb,btransferbofblearningb,breasoningbandbproblembsolving
Thebteacherbandbthebattention
DownloadbApp:bCloudSoftbCopy 0717422950 www.cloudsoftcomputers.com
, Inborderbtobeffectivelybteaching,bthebteacherbhasbtobensurebthebfollowingbarebputbinbplacebCre
atebnoveltybandbfamiliaritybduringbtheblessonb(newbideas)
Thebteacherbshouldbpresentbhisblessonsbbybchangingbthebstimulibandbthebteachingbmethodsb
Abgoodbteachingbtimetablebshouldbbebinbplacebforbinstanceb,bsubjectbthatbneedbfreshbbrainbs
houldbbebplacedbinbthebmorningbwhilebthosebthatbrequireblessbattentionbofbtheblearnerbshoul
dbbebplacedbinbthebafternoon
Thebteacherbshouldbusbthebcluesbthatbarebimportantbwhenbteachingblessonbsobasbtobinvolvebth
ebsubjectbmatter
Teachersbandbstudentsbmustbbebpreparing.bi.e.bbybdefiningbclearbobjectbandbtasksbandbactivity
bofbtheblesson
Thebteacherbshouldbusebvisualbaidsb,bfrequentlybasbpossible
Mutualbparticipationbcouplesbstudentsb teacherbshouldbbebencouragedbinbclassb Teaching
bshouldbrelatebthebsubject bmatterbtobthebactualblifebsituationbandbexperiences btobmakebthebl
essonbrelevant
Thebteacherbshouldbdrawbattentionbofbtheblearnerbandbmaintainbitbthroughbdemonstrations,bdispla
ybandb usebprobingbquestions
Perception
Thisbisbgivingbmeaningbtobthebsensorybstimulus
Thereforebitbisbcriticalbinbleaningbbecausebthebinformationbthatbentersbthebmemorybwillbbebinterna
llybperceivedb andbtakenbfrombthebenvironment
Ifbstudentbmisunderstandbthebinformationb,btheybholdbinbmemoryb,bthenbthebinformationbmayb
becomebinvalid
• Home
• Social
• Cognitive
• Perspectives
• Psychologists
• Developmental
• A-ZbIndex
Homeb›bPerspectivesb›bBehaviorismb›bOperantbConditioning
DownloadbApp:bCloudSoftbCopy 0717422950 www.cloudsoftcomputers.com
