DEPARTMENTqOFqPSYCHOLOGY
EDUCATIONALq PSYCHOLOGYq LECTUREq NOTES
BahirqDar,qEthiopia
,Contents
CHAPTERq ONE ................................................................................................................. 5
INTRODUCTIONqTOqEDUCATIONALqPSYCHOLOGY ............................................................ 5
Meaningq ofqEducationalqPsychology ............................................................................... 5
1.2. NatureqofqEducationalqpsychology ........................................................................ 6
1.3. MajorqFocusqAreasqofqEducationalqPsychology .......................................................... 8
1.4. RelevanceqofqEducationalqPsychologyqtoqTeachers ................................................... 8
1.5. Theqcharacteristicsqofqgoodqteacher.......................................................................... 9
Theq Abilityq toq Developq Strongq Relationshipsq withq Students........................................... 10
PreparationqandqOrganizationqSkillsqetc .................................................................... 10
1.6. ResearchqMethodsqinqEducationalqPsychology ......................................................... 10
CHAPTERq TWO ............................................................................................................... 11
HumanqDevelopment ...................................................................................................... 11
2.1. Meaningq ofq Basicq Termsq (Growth,q Maturation,q Learning,q andq Development) ................... 11
2.2. Principlesqofqdevelopment ...................................................................................... 11
2.3. Dimensionsq ofq development .................................................................................... 13
2.4. Controversiesq inq development ..................................................................................... 13
Contemporaryq Viewsq ofq Natureq versusq Nurture............................................................ 15
2.4. TheoriesqofqHumanqDevelopmentqandqTheirqimplicationqinqEducation ....................... 16
2.4.1. Psychodynamicq Theoryq (Freud)q ofq development ................................................... 16
2.4.2. Psychosocialqtheoryq(E.qErickson)qofqhumanqdevelopment ................................... 20
2.4.3. Theoryq ofq Cognitiveq Development .................................................................... 23
2.4.4. TheoryqofqMoralqDevelopmentq(Koholberg)...................................................... 26
2.4.5. Vygotsky’sqSocioculturalq Theory ............................................................................ 27
, ZoneqofqProximalqDevelopment .......................................................................................... 28
MoreqKnowledgeableqOtherq(MKO)...................................................................................... 28
Scaffolding .................................................................................................................. 28
2.4.6. Piaget’s q Theory q Ofq Moral q Development .............................................................. 28
Stageq 1:q Heteronomous q Morality ........................................................................... 29
Stageq 2:q Autonomousq Reality .................................................................................. 29
2.4.7. CarolqGilliganqTheoryqofqMoralqDevelopment ...................................................... 29
Care-BasedqMoralityq&qJustice-BasedqMorality................................................................... 30
CHAPTERq THREE............................................................................................................ 32
INDIVIDUALqDIFFERENCESqAMONGqLEARNERS ............................................................... 32
3.1. Meaningqofqindividualqdifference ............................................................................... 32
3.2. TYPESqOFqINDIVIDUALqDIFFERENCES .................................................................... 32
DifferencesqinqInterest.................................................................................................. 32
DifferenceqinqAttitude .................................................................................................. 32
DifferenceqinqValues ................................................................................................... 32
Differenceqinq Studyq Habits ........................................................................................... 32
Differenceq inqPsychomotorqSkills .................................................................................. 32
DifferenceqinqSelfqConcept ........................................................................................... 33
DifferencesqinqLearningqStyles...................................................................................... 34
3.3. CausesqofqIndividualqDifferences ................................................................................ 35
3.4. EducationalqImplicationsqofqIndividualqDifferences ..................................................... 35
CHAPTERq FOUR.............................................................................................................. 37
PSYCHOLOGYq OFq LEARNING ............................................................................................ 37
4.1. Definitionq andq Characteristicsq ofq Learning ................................................................... 37
4.2. FactorsqAffectingq learning .................................................................................... 37
, 4.3. Learningqtheoriesqandqtheirqimplications ................................................................. 38
4.3.1. BehavioralqTheoriesqofqLearning ...................................................................... 38
4.3.2. Cognitiveq Approach ...................................................................................... 44
4.3.3. Socialq cognitiveqtheoryq ofqlearning ................................................................... 55
CHAPTERq FIVE ................................................................................................................ 61
MOTIVATIONq INq LEARNING .............................................................................................. 61
5.1. Definitionsq ofq Motivation ............................................................................................ 61
5.2. FactorsqofqMotivation ............................................................................................. 61
5.3. Kindsqofqmotivation ............................................................................................... 62
5.4. TheoriesqofqMotivation ............................................................................................ 62
CHAPTERq SIX .................................................................................................................. 66
CLASSROOMq MANAGEMENT ......................................................................................... 66
6.1. Definition ................................................................................................................ 66
6.2. Theoriesqofq ClassroomqManagement............................................................................. 66
B. TheqHumanisticqPerspectiveqonqClassroomqManagement ................................................. 67
C. CognitiveqPerspectiveqonqClassroomqManagement.......................................................... 68
6.3. Causesq ofq Student’sq Misbehavior ...................................................................................... 70
6.4. Classroomq Managementq Techniques ......................................................................... 71
EDUCATIONALq PSYCHOLOGYq LECTUREq NOTES
BahirqDar,qEthiopia
,Contents
CHAPTERq ONE ................................................................................................................. 5
INTRODUCTIONqTOqEDUCATIONALqPSYCHOLOGY ............................................................ 5
Meaningq ofqEducationalqPsychology ............................................................................... 5
1.2. NatureqofqEducationalqpsychology ........................................................................ 6
1.3. MajorqFocusqAreasqofqEducationalqPsychology .......................................................... 8
1.4. RelevanceqofqEducationalqPsychologyqtoqTeachers ................................................... 8
1.5. Theqcharacteristicsqofqgoodqteacher.......................................................................... 9
Theq Abilityq toq Developq Strongq Relationshipsq withq Students........................................... 10
PreparationqandqOrganizationqSkillsqetc .................................................................... 10
1.6. ResearchqMethodsqinqEducationalqPsychology ......................................................... 10
CHAPTERq TWO ............................................................................................................... 11
HumanqDevelopment ...................................................................................................... 11
2.1. Meaningq ofq Basicq Termsq (Growth,q Maturation,q Learning,q andq Development) ................... 11
2.2. Principlesqofqdevelopment ...................................................................................... 11
2.3. Dimensionsq ofq development .................................................................................... 13
2.4. Controversiesq inq development ..................................................................................... 13
Contemporaryq Viewsq ofq Natureq versusq Nurture............................................................ 15
2.4. TheoriesqofqHumanqDevelopmentqandqTheirqimplicationqinqEducation ....................... 16
2.4.1. Psychodynamicq Theoryq (Freud)q ofq development ................................................... 16
2.4.2. Psychosocialqtheoryq(E.qErickson)qofqhumanqdevelopment ................................... 20
2.4.3. Theoryq ofq Cognitiveq Development .................................................................... 23
2.4.4. TheoryqofqMoralqDevelopmentq(Koholberg)...................................................... 26
2.4.5. Vygotsky’sqSocioculturalq Theory ............................................................................ 27
, ZoneqofqProximalqDevelopment .......................................................................................... 28
MoreqKnowledgeableqOtherq(MKO)...................................................................................... 28
Scaffolding .................................................................................................................. 28
2.4.6. Piaget’s q Theory q Ofq Moral q Development .............................................................. 28
Stageq 1:q Heteronomous q Morality ........................................................................... 29
Stageq 2:q Autonomousq Reality .................................................................................. 29
2.4.7. CarolqGilliganqTheoryqofqMoralqDevelopment ...................................................... 29
Care-BasedqMoralityq&qJustice-BasedqMorality................................................................... 30
CHAPTERq THREE............................................................................................................ 32
INDIVIDUALqDIFFERENCESqAMONGqLEARNERS ............................................................... 32
3.1. Meaningqofqindividualqdifference ............................................................................... 32
3.2. TYPESqOFqINDIVIDUALqDIFFERENCES .................................................................... 32
DifferencesqinqInterest.................................................................................................. 32
DifferenceqinqAttitude .................................................................................................. 32
DifferenceqinqValues ................................................................................................... 32
Differenceqinq Studyq Habits ........................................................................................... 32
Differenceq inqPsychomotorqSkills .................................................................................. 32
DifferenceqinqSelfqConcept ........................................................................................... 33
DifferencesqinqLearningqStyles...................................................................................... 34
3.3. CausesqofqIndividualqDifferences ................................................................................ 35
3.4. EducationalqImplicationsqofqIndividualqDifferences ..................................................... 35
CHAPTERq FOUR.............................................................................................................. 37
PSYCHOLOGYq OFq LEARNING ............................................................................................ 37
4.1. Definitionq andq Characteristicsq ofq Learning ................................................................... 37
4.2. FactorsqAffectingq learning .................................................................................... 37
, 4.3. Learningqtheoriesqandqtheirqimplications ................................................................. 38
4.3.1. BehavioralqTheoriesqofqLearning ...................................................................... 38
4.3.2. Cognitiveq Approach ...................................................................................... 44
4.3.3. Socialq cognitiveqtheoryq ofqlearning ................................................................... 55
CHAPTERq FIVE ................................................................................................................ 61
MOTIVATIONq INq LEARNING .............................................................................................. 61
5.1. Definitionsq ofq Motivation ............................................................................................ 61
5.2. FactorsqofqMotivation ............................................................................................. 61
5.3. Kindsqofqmotivation ............................................................................................... 62
5.4. TheoriesqofqMotivation ............................................................................................ 62
CHAPTERq SIX .................................................................................................................. 66
CLASSROOMq MANAGEMENT ......................................................................................... 66
6.1. Definition ................................................................................................................ 66
6.2. Theoriesqofq ClassroomqManagement............................................................................. 66
B. TheqHumanisticqPerspectiveqonqClassroomqManagement ................................................. 67
C. CognitiveqPerspectiveqonqClassroomqManagement.......................................................... 68
6.3. Causesq ofq Student’sq Misbehavior ...................................................................................... 70
6.4. Classroomq Managementq Techniques ......................................................................... 71
