D115 master set-Advanced Pathophysiology for the Advanced
Practice Nurse questions with verified answers
A 27-year-old nulligravid female and her 25-year-old male partner present to your
office for family planning.
How does your reproductive knowledge guide your intake with this couple?
Ans✓✓✓ An understanding of reproductive pathophysiology is necessary to
recognize deviations from the norm. Age of onset of menarche can provide
valuable information about how the hormones are functioning in the body. A
previous pregnancy is an indicator of future fertility.
A 47-year-old, overweight woman has gradually increasing dyspnea, mild chest
discomfort upon exertion, fatigue, and weight gain. She has no children and is not
pregnant. Further history reveals a family history of diabetes.
Describe and justify other assessment questions, beyond questions about chest
discomfort, that you should ask the patient. Ans✓✓✓ With the woman's
overweight condition and family history of diabetes, she may have type 2
diabetes mellitus.
You should ask her about polyuria, polydipsia, changes in vision, itching skin rash
or ulcers, vaginal discharge, recent history of frequent urinary tract infections,
paresthesias, and intermittent claudication.
These questions address manifestations of hyperglycemia and of complications of
long-term diabetes, which may be present by the time type 2 diabetes is
diagnosed.
A 56-year-old female came to the nurse practitioner with fatigue, pallor, dyspnea
on exertion, and palpitations. Her laboratory report indicates that her hematocrit,
hemoglobin, and reticulocyte count are low, that her MCV is high, and that her
MCH and MCHC are normal. Her diagnosis is pernicious anemia.
,Briefly explain why the nurse practitioner should ask the patient about her
paresthesias and ataxia. Ans✓✓✓ Without the presence of intrinsic factor,
vitamin B12 will not be absorbed effectively from the gastrointestinal tract.
A 62-year-old female comes to the emergency department with mild respiratory
distress, increasing dyspnea, orthopnea, bilateral ankle edema, and sudden
weight gain. She states that she has had severe hypertension for many years and
that she has been unable to afford her antihypertensive medication for the past
several months.
Explain why you should ask the patient if she has had any recent episodes of chest
pain or any history of angina or heart attack. Ans✓✓✓ Hypertension is a risk
factor for coronary atherosclerosis. It also increases afterload and causes
ventricular hypertrophy, both of which increase myocardial oxygen demand.
A family is concerned that their elderly family member is not eating.
Which three education topics should be addressed with the family regarding
anorexia of the elderly? Ans✓✓✓ With aging, decreased saliva affects both taste
and swallowing, often leading to anorexia. Additionally, anorexia of aging is
common, and family members need to understand this. Offering oral care
guidance and suggesting foods that taste good to the patient and are easy to
chew with the teeth or dentures may be effective interventions. Furthermore,
social stimulation has been shown to be effective in elderly patients with
anorexia, providing relaxation and enjoyment during food intake.
A female patient has been diagnosed with an uncomplicated urinary tract
infection (UTI).
Which self-care measure that is specific to this type of infection should the
healthcare provider teach the patient? Ans✓✓✓ Wiping front to back helps
,prevent the spread of e. coli into the urinary meatus. E. coli is normally colonized
in the bowel and is the most common pathogen in UTIs.
A healthcare professional is assessing a patient who could have either
pyelonephritis or cystitis.
Which differentiating sign would assist the professional in making this diagnosis?
Ans✓✓✓ Urinalysis confirmation of white blood cell casts
When the kidney is inflamed, it causes damage that results in the production of
white blood cell (WBC) casts.
A healthcare professional is conducting community education on vaccinations.
Which statement about vaccines should the professional include in the
presentation? Ans✓✓✓ Vaccines require booster injections to maintain life-long
protection.
Most vaccines require a booster to increase immunity. The initial effects of a
vaccine may diminish over time, and boosters improve protection against disease.
A healthcare professional is educating a community men's group on symptoms of
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
Which pathophysiological condition causes most of the symptoms of BPH?
Ans✓✓✓ Compression of the urethra- The prostate grows and compresses the
urethra, causing most of the symptoms of BPH.
A healthcare professional is educating a community men's group on symptoms of
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
Which pathophysiological condition causes most of the symptoms of BPH?
Ans✓✓✓ The prostate grows and compresses the urethra, causing most of the
symptoms of BPH.
, A male infant has been diagnosed with intussusception, and the student asks the
healthcare professional to explain the condition.
Which explanation by the professional is most accurate? Ans✓✓✓ An
intussusception is where one part of the intestine telescopes into another section
of the intestine. Intussusception's cause is typically idiopathic but can be linked to
some viruses that cause swelling in the intestines and is often seen in the fall and
winter. Intussusception most commonly affects male children from 3-36 months
of age.
A male patient presents with sinus congestion, clear nasal discharge, and a cough
that is worse when he is reclined.
What is the probable condition causing these symptoms? Ans✓✓✓ Allergic
rhinitis is marked by sinus congestion, clear nasal discharge, post nasal drip that
causes a sore throat, and cough that is worse when supine.
A newborn child has a solitary purplish lesion on the head that looks like a spongy
mass.
Which diagnosis is supported by this type of lesion? Ans✓✓✓ A cavernous
hemangioma is a benign purple vascular tumor consisting of a collection of blood
vessels that form a lesion.
A patient expresses concern to an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN)
about not being able to complete an entire meal without experiencing acid reflux.
The patient also reports new symptoms including chest pain and dysphagia. The
APRN suspects that the patient might have cancer.
Which type of cancer is the APRN concerned about? Ans✓✓✓ The most common
symptom of esophageal cancer is a problem swallowing (dysphagia), with a
feeling like the food is stuck in the throat or chest or even choking on food. Some
people get a feeling of pressure or burning in the chest.
Practice Nurse questions with verified answers
A 27-year-old nulligravid female and her 25-year-old male partner present to your
office for family planning.
How does your reproductive knowledge guide your intake with this couple?
Ans✓✓✓ An understanding of reproductive pathophysiology is necessary to
recognize deviations from the norm. Age of onset of menarche can provide
valuable information about how the hormones are functioning in the body. A
previous pregnancy is an indicator of future fertility.
A 47-year-old, overweight woman has gradually increasing dyspnea, mild chest
discomfort upon exertion, fatigue, and weight gain. She has no children and is not
pregnant. Further history reveals a family history of diabetes.
Describe and justify other assessment questions, beyond questions about chest
discomfort, that you should ask the patient. Ans✓✓✓ With the woman's
overweight condition and family history of diabetes, she may have type 2
diabetes mellitus.
You should ask her about polyuria, polydipsia, changes in vision, itching skin rash
or ulcers, vaginal discharge, recent history of frequent urinary tract infections,
paresthesias, and intermittent claudication.
These questions address manifestations of hyperglycemia and of complications of
long-term diabetes, which may be present by the time type 2 diabetes is
diagnosed.
A 56-year-old female came to the nurse practitioner with fatigue, pallor, dyspnea
on exertion, and palpitations. Her laboratory report indicates that her hematocrit,
hemoglobin, and reticulocyte count are low, that her MCV is high, and that her
MCH and MCHC are normal. Her diagnosis is pernicious anemia.
,Briefly explain why the nurse practitioner should ask the patient about her
paresthesias and ataxia. Ans✓✓✓ Without the presence of intrinsic factor,
vitamin B12 will not be absorbed effectively from the gastrointestinal tract.
A 62-year-old female comes to the emergency department with mild respiratory
distress, increasing dyspnea, orthopnea, bilateral ankle edema, and sudden
weight gain. She states that she has had severe hypertension for many years and
that she has been unable to afford her antihypertensive medication for the past
several months.
Explain why you should ask the patient if she has had any recent episodes of chest
pain or any history of angina or heart attack. Ans✓✓✓ Hypertension is a risk
factor for coronary atherosclerosis. It also increases afterload and causes
ventricular hypertrophy, both of which increase myocardial oxygen demand.
A family is concerned that their elderly family member is not eating.
Which three education topics should be addressed with the family regarding
anorexia of the elderly? Ans✓✓✓ With aging, decreased saliva affects both taste
and swallowing, often leading to anorexia. Additionally, anorexia of aging is
common, and family members need to understand this. Offering oral care
guidance and suggesting foods that taste good to the patient and are easy to
chew with the teeth or dentures may be effective interventions. Furthermore,
social stimulation has been shown to be effective in elderly patients with
anorexia, providing relaxation and enjoyment during food intake.
A female patient has been diagnosed with an uncomplicated urinary tract
infection (UTI).
Which self-care measure that is specific to this type of infection should the
healthcare provider teach the patient? Ans✓✓✓ Wiping front to back helps
,prevent the spread of e. coli into the urinary meatus. E. coli is normally colonized
in the bowel and is the most common pathogen in UTIs.
A healthcare professional is assessing a patient who could have either
pyelonephritis or cystitis.
Which differentiating sign would assist the professional in making this diagnosis?
Ans✓✓✓ Urinalysis confirmation of white blood cell casts
When the kidney is inflamed, it causes damage that results in the production of
white blood cell (WBC) casts.
A healthcare professional is conducting community education on vaccinations.
Which statement about vaccines should the professional include in the
presentation? Ans✓✓✓ Vaccines require booster injections to maintain life-long
protection.
Most vaccines require a booster to increase immunity. The initial effects of a
vaccine may diminish over time, and boosters improve protection against disease.
A healthcare professional is educating a community men's group on symptoms of
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
Which pathophysiological condition causes most of the symptoms of BPH?
Ans✓✓✓ Compression of the urethra- The prostate grows and compresses the
urethra, causing most of the symptoms of BPH.
A healthcare professional is educating a community men's group on symptoms of
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
Which pathophysiological condition causes most of the symptoms of BPH?
Ans✓✓✓ The prostate grows and compresses the urethra, causing most of the
symptoms of BPH.
, A male infant has been diagnosed with intussusception, and the student asks the
healthcare professional to explain the condition.
Which explanation by the professional is most accurate? Ans✓✓✓ An
intussusception is where one part of the intestine telescopes into another section
of the intestine. Intussusception's cause is typically idiopathic but can be linked to
some viruses that cause swelling in the intestines and is often seen in the fall and
winter. Intussusception most commonly affects male children from 3-36 months
of age.
A male patient presents with sinus congestion, clear nasal discharge, and a cough
that is worse when he is reclined.
What is the probable condition causing these symptoms? Ans✓✓✓ Allergic
rhinitis is marked by sinus congestion, clear nasal discharge, post nasal drip that
causes a sore throat, and cough that is worse when supine.
A newborn child has a solitary purplish lesion on the head that looks like a spongy
mass.
Which diagnosis is supported by this type of lesion? Ans✓✓✓ A cavernous
hemangioma is a benign purple vascular tumor consisting of a collection of blood
vessels that form a lesion.
A patient expresses concern to an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN)
about not being able to complete an entire meal without experiencing acid reflux.
The patient also reports new symptoms including chest pain and dysphagia. The
APRN suspects that the patient might have cancer.
Which type of cancer is the APRN concerned about? Ans✓✓✓ The most common
symptom of esophageal cancer is a problem swallowing (dysphagia), with a
feeling like the food is stuck in the throat or chest or even choking on food. Some
people get a feeling of pressure or burning in the chest.
