Comprehensive D115 questions with verified answers
A 10-year-old patient presents with palpable kidney enlargement, chills, fever,
and abdominal pain. What is the most likely diagnosis? Ans✓✓✓ Acute
pyelonephritis is an acute infection of the ureter, reanal pelvis, and/or kidney
interstitium. Clinical manifestations include flank or groin pain, fever, chills,
costovertebral tenderness and UTI symptoms.
A 70-year-old woman comes to the clinic with a complaint of severe aching of her
legs after standing for 10 minutes. What other assessment finding of the lower
extremities would support the FNP's diagnosis of chronic venous insufficiency?
Ans✓✓✓ Pitting edema 3+ and cyanosis on dependency
A child with Down's syndrome has had frequent respiratory tract infections since
birth. What should the APRN tell the parent is the underlying cause of this illness?
Ans✓✓✓ Gastroesophageal reflux disease causes aspiration of thin fluids.
Feedback: Gastroesophageal reflux is commonly seen in children with Down
syndrome and can be severe enough to result in aspiration of stomach contents,
causing respiratory symptoms such as persistent coughing, wheezing, and
pneumonia
A patient complains of melena (black, tarry stools). The FNP understands that this:
Ans✓✓✓ May likely be bleeding from the esophagus or stomach
Feedback: Black, tarry stools indicate the passage of blood, usually from the
upper GI tract.
A patient presents with severe sore throat and pain with swallowing. Upon exam,
the FNP notes unilateral swelling of the peritonsillar area and soft palate with
deviation of the uvula. The FNP makes the presumptive diagnosis of: Ans✓✓✓
Symptoms of peritonsillar abscess include severe sore throat and difficulty
, swallowing, odynophagia (pain on swallowing), trismus (jaw muscle spasm making
it difficult to open mouth), and a "hot potato" voice. Unilateral swelling of the
peritonsillar area and soft palate. Affected area is markedly swollen and appears
as a bulging red mass with the uvula displaced away from the mass. Accompanied
by malaise, fever, and chills.
A patient presents with symptoms of fever, tachycardia, chills, throbbing
headache, severe photophobia, and nuchal rigidity. Based on the presumed
diagnosis, the FNP understands that the following symptoms may also occur in
response to irritation and inflammation of the cranial nerves: Ans✓✓✓ deafness,
tinnitus, and vertigo
Feedback: These symptoms can occur due to damage to cranial nerve VIII.
A person develops cardiogenic shock after an acute MI. The nurse understands
this will produce a: Ans✓✓✓ stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system.
Feedback: As cardiac output decreases, compensatory adaptive responses are
activated: Renin-angiotensin, neurohormonal, and sympathetic nervous system.
A person has gout. Which typical clinical manifestation may be found upon
assessment? Ans✓✓✓ Tophi
Feedback: Clinical manifestations of gout include: Pain in the great toe (usually,
but not always): Worse at night Increase in serum urate concentration:
Hyperuricemia Recurrent attacks of monoarticular arthritis: Inflammation of a
single joint Deposits of monosodium urate monohydrate (tophi) in and around
the joints Renal disease, involving glomerular, tubular, and interstitial tissues and
blood vessels Formation of renal stones
All of the following are common infectious respiratory bacteria except: Ans✓✓✓
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
A 10-year-old patient presents with palpable kidney enlargement, chills, fever,
and abdominal pain. What is the most likely diagnosis? Ans✓✓✓ Acute
pyelonephritis is an acute infection of the ureter, reanal pelvis, and/or kidney
interstitium. Clinical manifestations include flank or groin pain, fever, chills,
costovertebral tenderness and UTI symptoms.
A 70-year-old woman comes to the clinic with a complaint of severe aching of her
legs after standing for 10 minutes. What other assessment finding of the lower
extremities would support the FNP's diagnosis of chronic venous insufficiency?
Ans✓✓✓ Pitting edema 3+ and cyanosis on dependency
A child with Down's syndrome has had frequent respiratory tract infections since
birth. What should the APRN tell the parent is the underlying cause of this illness?
Ans✓✓✓ Gastroesophageal reflux disease causes aspiration of thin fluids.
Feedback: Gastroesophageal reflux is commonly seen in children with Down
syndrome and can be severe enough to result in aspiration of stomach contents,
causing respiratory symptoms such as persistent coughing, wheezing, and
pneumonia
A patient complains of melena (black, tarry stools). The FNP understands that this:
Ans✓✓✓ May likely be bleeding from the esophagus or stomach
Feedback: Black, tarry stools indicate the passage of blood, usually from the
upper GI tract.
A patient presents with severe sore throat and pain with swallowing. Upon exam,
the FNP notes unilateral swelling of the peritonsillar area and soft palate with
deviation of the uvula. The FNP makes the presumptive diagnosis of: Ans✓✓✓
Symptoms of peritonsillar abscess include severe sore throat and difficulty
, swallowing, odynophagia (pain on swallowing), trismus (jaw muscle spasm making
it difficult to open mouth), and a "hot potato" voice. Unilateral swelling of the
peritonsillar area and soft palate. Affected area is markedly swollen and appears
as a bulging red mass with the uvula displaced away from the mass. Accompanied
by malaise, fever, and chills.
A patient presents with symptoms of fever, tachycardia, chills, throbbing
headache, severe photophobia, and nuchal rigidity. Based on the presumed
diagnosis, the FNP understands that the following symptoms may also occur in
response to irritation and inflammation of the cranial nerves: Ans✓✓✓ deafness,
tinnitus, and vertigo
Feedback: These symptoms can occur due to damage to cranial nerve VIII.
A person develops cardiogenic shock after an acute MI. The nurse understands
this will produce a: Ans✓✓✓ stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system.
Feedback: As cardiac output decreases, compensatory adaptive responses are
activated: Renin-angiotensin, neurohormonal, and sympathetic nervous system.
A person has gout. Which typical clinical manifestation may be found upon
assessment? Ans✓✓✓ Tophi
Feedback: Clinical manifestations of gout include: Pain in the great toe (usually,
but not always): Worse at night Increase in serum urate concentration:
Hyperuricemia Recurrent attacks of monoarticular arthritis: Inflammation of a
single joint Deposits of monosodium urate monohydrate (tophi) in and around
the joints Renal disease, involving glomerular, tubular, and interstitial tissues and
blood vessels Formation of renal stones
All of the following are common infectious respiratory bacteria except: Ans✓✓✓
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
