Virginia Commercial Pesticide Applicator: 3a EXAM |COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE WITH DETAILED QUESTIONS AND 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS.

- Drought - Heavy rains - Heavy winds - Extreme temperatures - Late frosts - Ice and snow - Air pollution - Mechanical injury and soil compaction - Exposure to chemicals (road salt) - Heat island effect - correct answer️️List at least 6 stress factors that can harm plants growing outdoors - Temperature fluctuation from HVAC - Low humidity - Dust - Low light or high variation in light exposure - Drafts - Exposure to spills or cleaning compounds - correct answer️️Name 4 stress factors that can harm plants growing indoors Light, air, moisture, and nutrients - correct answer️️What are the basic needs of plants? - Temperature - light - relative humidity - soil moisture - availability of essential minerals - correct answer️️Name 4 environmental factors that effect plant growth - Lack of root space - Lack of rainfall - Insufficient irrigation - correct answer️️What abiotic factors may lead to drought stress? 55-90 degrees - correct answer️️What is the ideal temperature range for indoor plants? Low temperatures slow growth and chilling injuries. High temperatures result in wilting and use of food stores. Temperature fluctuations cause shock. - correct answer️️What do drastic temperatures do to plants? Measures of accumulated heat. Degree days help predict the development timelines of insects, weeds, or diseases. - correct answer️️What are degree days? More light = more growth More growth = more water required - correct answer️️What is the relationship between how much light a plant receives and the amount of water that it needs? Wilting, decreased food production, browning of leaf margins, scorched leaves, and dull foliage - correct answer️️What negatives are caused by low humidity? To allow roots to take in oxygen and give off carbon dioxide - correct answer️️Why do plants need pore spaces in growing media? Macronutrients are chemical elements that plants need in relatively large amounts. Micronutrients are elements needed in smaller amounts. Both are necessary for good nutrition and health - correct answer️️What is the difference between macro- and micronutrients? To supplement mineral nutrients needed for growth - correct answer️️Why do plants need fertilizers? - Crust of fertilizer on the surface of the soil - Yellowing/wilting leaves - Browing of leaf tips/margins - Leaf spot - Browned/blackened/limp roots - Leaf drop - Very slow growth or little growth - Death of plant tissue - correct answer️️What are the signs of overfertilization? Moisture, support, nutrients, and aeration - correct answer️️What vital elements should a plant's growing medium provide? Too much fertilizer in plant tissue or in the soil. To prevent it, measure properly and don't overapply. Don't use chemically softened water. - correct answer️️What is soluble salt buildup and how is it prevented? Plants will receive shock when conditions are altered, and they will need special care to monitor stess. - correct answer️️Why do plants need to acclimate to a new environment? - Soil conditions - planting and pruning methods - watering schedules - fertilization programs - natural aging - weather and climate - physical damage - chemical exposures