23/09/2019
TITLE: ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND CHEMICAL
n n n n
BONDING COURS n
E CODE: SCH 101
n n n
Lecturer and contacts Dr n n n
. Vincent Madadi n n
Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi
n n n n n
P. O. Box 30197-00100,
n n n
Nairobi, Kenya n
Location: Dept. Chemistry, Rm 114 Tel
n n n n n
: 4446138 ext 2185
n n n
Mobile:n0720742415
Email:n ,
23/09/2019 1
Website:nhttp://www.uonbi.ac.ke/staff/vmadadi
EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOME n n
• Bynthenendnofnthisncoursenthenlearnernshouldnbenablento:
1) Definenatoms,nelements,nsubatomicnparticles,nisotopesnandntheirnpropertiesnandn
carrynoutncalculationsninvolvingnatomicnandnmolecularnmasses.
2) Discussnclassicalnandnwavenmechanicalnconceptsnofnatomicnstructure,nandnexplainnt
henapplicationnofnelectromagneticnradiationninnchemicalnidentification.
3) Carrynoutncalculationsninvolvingnclassicalnandnwavenmechanicalnconceptsnfornenergyn
ofnelectron,natomicnsize,nandnelectronicntransitionsninnthenatoms.
4) Writencorrectnelectronicnconfigurationnfornneutralnandnionicnspeciesnofnatomsnusingn
atomicnorbitalnconcept,nandncarrynoutncalculationsninvolvingneffectivennuclearnchar
ge.
5) Discussnthentrendsninnatomicnandnionicnpropertiesnofnelements,nandntheirninfluencen
onnchemicalnbehaviournofnelements.
23/09/2019 2
1
, 23/09/2019
EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOME… n n
6) Explainnchemicalnbondingnconceptsnofnincludingnionic,ncovalent,ndative,nmetallic,
andninter-nandnintramolecularnforces.
7) ExplainnconceptsnofnVBT,nhybridization,nVSEPR,nmolecularnstructure,nshapesnandn
reactivitynandnMolecularnOrbitalnTheoryn(MOT).
8) ApplynVSEPRntonpredictnbondingninnmoleculesnincludingnhybridization,nmolecularn
geometriesnandnshapes,nandnbondnangles.
9) Discussnthenstructurenofnsimplensolids.
23/09/2019 3
Course content n
1) Atomic structure and subatomic particles. Electromagnetic Radiation:
n n n n n n n
properties and applications. n n
2) Electron configuration of atoms, quantum-
n n n n
numbers, orbital shapes, atomic structure and atomic spectra of hydr
n n n n n n n n n
ogen and hydrogen –
n n n
like atoms, periodic table, covalent and ionic bonding, introduction t
n n n n n n n n n
o types of inorganic solids, symmetry and shapes of simple molecules.
n n n n n n n n n n
3) The valence bond theory and Hybridization of atomic orbitals. Valence s
n n n n n n n n n n
hell electron pair repulsion models. The molecular orbital theory:
n n n n n n n n
4) Demonstrations using computer models. n n n
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2
, 23/09/2019
STRUCTURE OF THE LECTURES
n n n
Atomic structure
n Atomicnsize;nelectronicnenergy,nvelocityn
i) Atomicnstructure andnrevolutions
Subnatomicnparticles Atomicnspectranandnelectronicn
Propertiesnofnsubatomicnparticles transitions.
ii) Electromagneticnradiationn& SpectranofnHnandnH-likenatoms.
napplication, iv) Wavenmechanicalnmodelnofnatomicn
Propertiesnandnapplication structure
Planksnequationnofnenergy DenBroglie’snequation
Photoelectricneffectnandninterpretation Heisennesburgn Uncertaintyn Principle
iii)nBorh’snatomicnmodelnofnatomicnstruct Schrodingernwavenequation
ure. Quantumnnumbers
–n Borh’snpostulatesnandncalculations Atomicnorbitals
23/09/2019 5
STRUCTURE OF THE LECTURES
n n n
v) Electronnconfigurationn&neffective vi) PeriodicnTable,nChemicalngroups:
nuclearncharge. Groupsnandnperiods
Pauli’snexclusionnprinciple Characteristicsnofns,np,ndn&nfnblockn
Aufbau’snprinciple elements.
Hund’snrulenofnmaximumnmultiplicity vii) Trendsninnatomicnandnmolecularn
Electronicnconfiguration propertiesnalongnthengroupsnandnpe
Stablenelectronicnconfigurations riods.
• Atomicn&nionicnsizes,
ShortnnotationsnfornE.C.s
• Basicnandnacidicnoxides
Calculationnofnnuclearnchargenandneff • Ionicnandncovalentncompounds
ectivennuclearnchargenfornesninns,npnan • Metalsnandnnonnmetals
dndnorbitals. • Electronegativityn&n electronnaffinity
• Stablen andnradioactivenelements
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3
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STRUCTURE OF THE LECTURES n n n
2) Chemical bonding
n Diamagnetic,nparamagneticnandnferromagnetic
i) TypesnandnPropertiesnofnChemicalnBonds ncompounds
i) Ionicnbond: iii) Metallicnbonds:
➢ Bondnformation – Electronnseantheory
➢ Latticenenergyncalculations:n BornnLande – MOTnofnsolids
nequationn&Born-Haber-Cycles, – Conductors,nsemiconductorsnandn insulators
➢ IonicnBondnformation-energetics iv) DativenBonds
ii) Covalentnbonds:
➢ Covalentn&npolarncovalent ii) Internandnintra-molecularnforces
ncompounds – hydrogennbonds:nInternandnintramolecular
➢ ValencenBondnTheoryn(VBT) nhydrogennbonds
➢ Electronnpairnrepulsionntheory – Vandernwaalnforces
n(VSEPR)
3) introductionntontypesnofninorganicnsolids
➢ Molecularnorbitalntheoryn(MOT)nofncovalent
nbondnformation.
▪ Structurenofnsimplensolids
➢ MOnDiagramsnandnBondnorders. ▪ symmetrynandnshapesnofnsimplenmolecules.
➢ Bondnorders.
23/09/2019
REFERENCE MATERIALS n
1) RogernL.nDeKocknandnHarrynB.nGray,n(1989)nChemicalnStructurenandnBonding.nUniversitynScience
nBooks,nSausalito,nCA,n1989.n(ISBNn0-935702-61-X).
2) StevennS.nZumdahlnandnSusannA.nZumdahl,n(2007)nChemistry.n7thnEdition.nHoughtonnMifflinnCompany.
n(ISBNn13:n978-0-618-52844-8n).
3) PeternAtkinsnandnJuliondenPaulan(2006)nPhysicalnChemistry,nEighthnEdition.nOxfordnUniversitynPress.
nNewnYork,nUSA.
4) Lee,nJ.D.n(1991)nConciseninorganicnchemistry.n-
n4thned.nChapmann&nHall,n29nWestn35thnStreet,nNewnYork,nUSA.
5) CatherinenE.nHousecroftnandnAlannG.nSharpe,n(2005)nInorganicnChemistry.n2ndnEdition.nPearson
nEducationnLimited.nEssexnCM20n2JE,nEngland.
6) SatyanP.,nGDnTuli,nS.K.nBasu,nR.DnMadan,n(2006)nAdvancednInorganicnChemistrynVol.n1.n1stnEdition.nS.
nChandnandnCompanynLtd.nRamnNarga,nNewnDelhi,nIndia.
• HardncopiesnofnsomenofnthenreferencenbooksnarenavailableninnthenDepartmentnofnChemistrynreadingnroom
115.nFirstnfloor.nYouncanalsondownloadnsomenofnthenbooksnonline.
23/09/2019 8
4
TITLE: ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND CHEMICAL
n n n n
BONDING COURS n
E CODE: SCH 101
n n n
Lecturer and contacts Dr n n n
. Vincent Madadi n n
Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi
n n n n n
P. O. Box 30197-00100,
n n n
Nairobi, Kenya n
Location: Dept. Chemistry, Rm 114 Tel
n n n n n
: 4446138 ext 2185
n n n
Mobile:n0720742415
Email:n ,
23/09/2019 1
Website:nhttp://www.uonbi.ac.ke/staff/vmadadi
EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOME n n
• Bynthenendnofnthisncoursenthenlearnernshouldnbenablento:
1) Definenatoms,nelements,nsubatomicnparticles,nisotopesnandntheirnpropertiesnandn
carrynoutncalculationsninvolvingnatomicnandnmolecularnmasses.
2) Discussnclassicalnandnwavenmechanicalnconceptsnofnatomicnstructure,nandnexplainnt
henapplicationnofnelectromagneticnradiationninnchemicalnidentification.
3) Carrynoutncalculationsninvolvingnclassicalnandnwavenmechanicalnconceptsnfornenergyn
ofnelectron,natomicnsize,nandnelectronicntransitionsninnthenatoms.
4) Writencorrectnelectronicnconfigurationnfornneutralnandnionicnspeciesnofnatomsnusingn
atomicnorbitalnconcept,nandncarrynoutncalculationsninvolvingneffectivennuclearnchar
ge.
5) Discussnthentrendsninnatomicnandnionicnpropertiesnofnelements,nandntheirninfluencen
onnchemicalnbehaviournofnelements.
23/09/2019 2
1
, 23/09/2019
EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOME… n n
6) Explainnchemicalnbondingnconceptsnofnincludingnionic,ncovalent,ndative,nmetallic,
andninter-nandnintramolecularnforces.
7) ExplainnconceptsnofnVBT,nhybridization,nVSEPR,nmolecularnstructure,nshapesnandn
reactivitynandnMolecularnOrbitalnTheoryn(MOT).
8) ApplynVSEPRntonpredictnbondingninnmoleculesnincludingnhybridization,nmolecularn
geometriesnandnshapes,nandnbondnangles.
9) Discussnthenstructurenofnsimplensolids.
23/09/2019 3
Course content n
1) Atomic structure and subatomic particles. Electromagnetic Radiation:
n n n n n n n
properties and applications. n n
2) Electron configuration of atoms, quantum-
n n n n
numbers, orbital shapes, atomic structure and atomic spectra of hydr
n n n n n n n n n
ogen and hydrogen –
n n n
like atoms, periodic table, covalent and ionic bonding, introduction t
n n n n n n n n n
o types of inorganic solids, symmetry and shapes of simple molecules.
n n n n n n n n n n
3) The valence bond theory and Hybridization of atomic orbitals. Valence s
n n n n n n n n n n
hell electron pair repulsion models. The molecular orbital theory:
n n n n n n n n
4) Demonstrations using computer models. n n n
23/09/2019 4
2
, 23/09/2019
STRUCTURE OF THE LECTURES
n n n
Atomic structure
n Atomicnsize;nelectronicnenergy,nvelocityn
i) Atomicnstructure andnrevolutions
Subnatomicnparticles Atomicnspectranandnelectronicn
Propertiesnofnsubatomicnparticles transitions.
ii) Electromagneticnradiationn& SpectranofnHnandnH-likenatoms.
napplication, iv) Wavenmechanicalnmodelnofnatomicn
Propertiesnandnapplication structure
Planksnequationnofnenergy DenBroglie’snequation
Photoelectricneffectnandninterpretation Heisennesburgn Uncertaintyn Principle
iii)nBorh’snatomicnmodelnofnatomicnstruct Schrodingernwavenequation
ure. Quantumnnumbers
–n Borh’snpostulatesnandncalculations Atomicnorbitals
23/09/2019 5
STRUCTURE OF THE LECTURES
n n n
v) Electronnconfigurationn&neffective vi) PeriodicnTable,nChemicalngroups:
nuclearncharge. Groupsnandnperiods
Pauli’snexclusionnprinciple Characteristicsnofns,np,ndn&nfnblockn
Aufbau’snprinciple elements.
Hund’snrulenofnmaximumnmultiplicity vii) Trendsninnatomicnandnmolecularn
Electronicnconfiguration propertiesnalongnthengroupsnandnpe
Stablenelectronicnconfigurations riods.
• Atomicn&nionicnsizes,
ShortnnotationsnfornE.C.s
• Basicnandnacidicnoxides
Calculationnofnnuclearnchargenandneff • Ionicnandncovalentncompounds
ectivennuclearnchargenfornesninns,npnan • Metalsnandnnonnmetals
dndnorbitals. • Electronegativityn&n electronnaffinity
• Stablen andnradioactivenelements
23/09/2019 6
3
, 23/09/2019
STRUCTURE OF THE LECTURES n n n
2) Chemical bonding
n Diamagnetic,nparamagneticnandnferromagnetic
i) TypesnandnPropertiesnofnChemicalnBonds ncompounds
i) Ionicnbond: iii) Metallicnbonds:
➢ Bondnformation – Electronnseantheory
➢ Latticenenergyncalculations:n BornnLande – MOTnofnsolids
nequationn&Born-Haber-Cycles, – Conductors,nsemiconductorsnandn insulators
➢ IonicnBondnformation-energetics iv) DativenBonds
ii) Covalentnbonds:
➢ Covalentn&npolarncovalent ii) Internandnintra-molecularnforces
ncompounds – hydrogennbonds:nInternandnintramolecular
➢ ValencenBondnTheoryn(VBT) nhydrogennbonds
➢ Electronnpairnrepulsionntheory – Vandernwaalnforces
n(VSEPR)
3) introductionntontypesnofninorganicnsolids
➢ Molecularnorbitalntheoryn(MOT)nofncovalent
nbondnformation.
▪ Structurenofnsimplensolids
➢ MOnDiagramsnandnBondnorders. ▪ symmetrynandnshapesnofnsimplenmolecules.
➢ Bondnorders.
23/09/2019
REFERENCE MATERIALS n
1) RogernL.nDeKocknandnHarrynB.nGray,n(1989)nChemicalnStructurenandnBonding.nUniversitynScience
nBooks,nSausalito,nCA,n1989.n(ISBNn0-935702-61-X).
2) StevennS.nZumdahlnandnSusannA.nZumdahl,n(2007)nChemistry.n7thnEdition.nHoughtonnMifflinnCompany.
n(ISBNn13:n978-0-618-52844-8n).
3) PeternAtkinsnandnJuliondenPaulan(2006)nPhysicalnChemistry,nEighthnEdition.nOxfordnUniversitynPress.
nNewnYork,nUSA.
4) Lee,nJ.D.n(1991)nConciseninorganicnchemistry.n-
n4thned.nChapmann&nHall,n29nWestn35thnStreet,nNewnYork,nUSA.
5) CatherinenE.nHousecroftnandnAlannG.nSharpe,n(2005)nInorganicnChemistry.n2ndnEdition.nPearson
nEducationnLimited.nEssexnCM20n2JE,nEngland.
6) SatyanP.,nGDnTuli,nS.K.nBasu,nR.DnMadan,n(2006)nAdvancednInorganicnChemistrynVol.n1.n1stnEdition.nS.
nChandnandnCompanynLtd.nRamnNarga,nNewnDelhi,nIndia.
• HardncopiesnofnsomenofnthenreferencenbooksnarenavailableninnthenDepartmentnofnChemistrynreadingnroom
115.nFirstnfloor.nYouncanalsondownloadnsomenofnthenbooksnonline.
23/09/2019 8
4
