Test bank for leadership question and answers
p p p p p p
What statement is true regarding decision making?
p p p p p p
A) It is an analysis of a situation
p p p p p p p
B) It is closely related to evaluation
p p p p p p
C) It involves choosing between courses of action
p p p p p p p
D) It is dependent upon finding the cause of a problem - =Ans: C
p p p p p p p p p p p pp p
Feedback:
Decision making is a complex cognitive process often defined as choosing a parti
p p p p p p p p p p p p
cular
course of action. Problem solving is part of decision making and is a systematic p
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
rocess
that focuses on analyzing a difficult situation. Critical thinking, sometimes referr
p p p p p p p p p p
ed to as
p p
reflective thinking, is related to evaluation and has a broader scope than decisio
p p p p p p p p p p p p
n
making and problem solving. p p p
<What is a weakness of the traditional problem-solving model?
p p p p p p p p p
A) Its need for implementation time
p p p p p
B) Its lack of a step requiring evaluation of results
p p p p p p p p p
C) Its failure to gather sufficient data
p p p p p p
D) Its failure to evaluate alternatives - =Ans: A
p p p p p p pp p
Feedback:
The traditional problem-
p p
solving model is less effective when time constraints are a
p p p p p p p p p
consideration. Decision making can occur without the full analysis required in pr
p p p p p p p p p p p
oblem
solving. Because problem solving attempts to identify the root problem in situati
p p p p p p p p p p p
ons,
much time and energy are spent on identifying the real problem.
p p p p p p p p p p
<Which of the following statements is true regarding decision making?
p p p p p p p p p p
A) Scientific methods provide identical decisions by different individuals for the
p p p p p p p p p p
same problems p
B) Decisions are greatly influenced by each person's value system
p p p p p p p p p
C) Personal beliefs can be adjusted for when the scientific approach to problem
p p p p p p p p p p p p
solving is used p p
D) Past experience has little to do with the quality of the decision - =Ans: B
p p p p p p p p p p p p p pp p
Feedback:
Values, life experience, individual preference, and individual ways of thinking will
p p p p p p p p p p
,influence a person's decision making. No matter how objective the criteria will b
p p p p p p p p p p p p
e, value
p
judgments will always play a part in a person's decision making, either conscious
p p p p p p p p p p p p
ly orp
subconsciously.
p<What influences the quality of a decision most often?
p p p p p p p p
A) The decision maker's immediate superior
p p p p p
B) The type of decision that needs to be made
p p p p p p p p p
C) Questions asked and alternatives generated
p p p p p
D) The time of day the decision is made - =Ans: C
p p p p p p p p p pp p
Feedback:
The greater the number of alternatives that can be generated by the decision ma
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
ker, the p
better the final decision will be. The alternatives generated and the final choices
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
are
limited by each person's value system.
p p p p p
p<What does knowledge about good decision making lead one to believe?
p p p p p p p p p p
A) Good decision makers are usually right-brain, intuitive thinkers
p p p p p p p p
B) Effective decision makers are sensitive to the situation and to others
p p p p p p p p p p p
C) Good decisions are usually made by left-brain, logical thinkers
p p p p p p p p p
D) Good decision making requires analytical rather than creative processes -
p p p p p p p p p p
=Ans: B
pp p
Feedback:
Good decision makers seem to have antennae that make them particularly sensi
p p p p p p p p p p p
tive to p
other people and situations. Left-brain thinkers are typically better at processing
p p p p p p p p p p
language, logic, numbers, and sequential ordering, whereas right-
p p p p p p p
brain thinkers excel at
p p p
nonverbal ideation and holistic synthesizing.
p p p p
<What is the best definition of decision making?
p p p p p p p p
A) The planning process of management
p p p p p
B) The evaluation phase of the executive role
p p p p p p p
C) One step in the problem-solving process
p p p p p p
D) Required to justify the need for scarce items - =Ans: C
p p p p p p p p p pp p
Feedback:
Decision making is a complex, cognitive process often defined as choosing a parti
p p p p p p p p p p p p
cular
,course of action. Decision making, one step in the problem-solving process, is an
p p p p p p p p p p p p
important task that relies heavily on critical thinking and clinical reasoning skills.
p p p p p p p p p p p
<If decision making is triggered by a problem with what does it end?
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
A) An alternative problem
p p p
B) A chosen course of action
p p p p p
C) An action that guarantees success
p p p p p
D) A restatement of the solution - =Ans: B
p p p p p p pp p
Feedback:
A decision is made when a course of action has been chosen. Problem solving is p
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
art of p
decision making and is a systematic process that focuses on analyzing a difficult
p p p p p p p p p p p p
situation. Problem solving always includes a decision-making step.
p p p p p p p
p<Why do our values often cause personal conflict in decision making?
p p p p p p p p p p
A) Some values are not realistic or healthy
p p p p p p p
B) Not all values are of equal worth
p p p p p p p
C) Our values remain unchanged over time
p p p p p p
D) Our values often collide with one another - =Ans: D
p p p p p p p p pp p
Feedback:
Values, life experience, individual preference, and individual ways of thinking will
p p p p p p p p p p
influence a person's decision making. No matter how objective the criteria will b
p p p p p p p p p p p p
e, valuep
judgments will always play a part in a person's decision making, either conscious
p p p p p p p p p p p p
ly or p
subconsciously.
p<Which statement is true concerning critical thinking?
p p p p p p
A) It is a simple approach to decision making
p p p p p p p p
B) It is narrower in scope than decision making
p p p p p p p p
C) It requires reasoning and creative analysis
p p p p p p
D) It is a synonym for the problem-solving process - =Ans: C
p p p p p p p p p pp p
Feedback:
Critical thinking has a broader scope than decision making and problem solving. I
p p p p p p p p p p p p
t isp
sometimes referred to as reflective thinking. Critical thinking also involves reflect
p p p p p p p p p p
ing
upon the meaning of statements, examining the offered evidence and reasoning,
p p p p p p p p p p
pand
forming judgments about facts. p p p
, p<How do administrative man managers make the majority of their decisions?
p p p p p p p p p p
A) After gathering all the facts
p p p p p
B) In a manner good enough to solve the problem
p p p p p p p p p
C) In a rational, logical manner
p p p p p
D) After generating all the alternatives possible - =Ans: B
p p p p p p p pp p
Feedback:
Many managers make decisions that are just ìgood enoughî because of lack of ti
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
me,
energy, or creativity to generate a number of alternatives. This is also called
p p p p p p p p p p p p
ìsatisficing.î Most people make decisions too quickly and fail to systematically ex
p p p p p p p p p p p
amine
a problem or its alternatives for solution.
p p p p p p
<What needs to be considered in evaluating the quality of one's decisions?
p p p p p p p p p p p p
A) Is evaluation necessary when using a good decision-making model?
p p p p p p p p p
B) Can evaluation be eliminated if the problem is resolved?
p p p p p p p p p
C) Will the effectiveness of the decision maker be supported?
p p p p p p p p p
D) Will the evaluation be helpful in increasing one's decision-making skills? -
p p p p p p p p p p p
=Ans: D
pp p
Feedback:
The evaluation phase is necessary to find out more about one's ability as a decisi
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
on
maker and to find out where the decision making was faulty.
p p p p p p p p p p
p<Which statement concerning the role of the powerful in organizational decisio
p p p p p p p p p p
n making
p
is true?
p
A) They exert little influence on decisions that are made
p p p p p p p p p
B) They make decisions made that are in congruence with their own values
p p p p p p p p p p p p
C) They allow others to make the decisions however they wish
p p p p p p p p p p
D) They make all the important decisions with consideration to others - =Ans: B
p p p p p p p p p p p pp p
Feedback:
Not only does the preference of the powerful influence decisions of others in the
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
organization, but the powerful are also able to inhibit the preferences of the less
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
powerful. Powerful people in organizations are more likely to have decisions ma
p p p p p p p p p p p
de that p
are congruent with their own preferences and values.
p p p p p p p
p p p p p p
What statement is true regarding decision making?
p p p p p p
A) It is an analysis of a situation
p p p p p p p
B) It is closely related to evaluation
p p p p p p
C) It involves choosing between courses of action
p p p p p p p
D) It is dependent upon finding the cause of a problem - =Ans: C
p p p p p p p p p p p pp p
Feedback:
Decision making is a complex cognitive process often defined as choosing a parti
p p p p p p p p p p p p
cular
course of action. Problem solving is part of decision making and is a systematic p
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
rocess
that focuses on analyzing a difficult situation. Critical thinking, sometimes referr
p p p p p p p p p p
ed to as
p p
reflective thinking, is related to evaluation and has a broader scope than decisio
p p p p p p p p p p p p
n
making and problem solving. p p p
<What is a weakness of the traditional problem-solving model?
p p p p p p p p p
A) Its need for implementation time
p p p p p
B) Its lack of a step requiring evaluation of results
p p p p p p p p p
C) Its failure to gather sufficient data
p p p p p p
D) Its failure to evaluate alternatives - =Ans: A
p p p p p p pp p
Feedback:
The traditional problem-
p p
solving model is less effective when time constraints are a
p p p p p p p p p
consideration. Decision making can occur without the full analysis required in pr
p p p p p p p p p p p
oblem
solving. Because problem solving attempts to identify the root problem in situati
p p p p p p p p p p p
ons,
much time and energy are spent on identifying the real problem.
p p p p p p p p p p
<Which of the following statements is true regarding decision making?
p p p p p p p p p p
A) Scientific methods provide identical decisions by different individuals for the
p p p p p p p p p p
same problems p
B) Decisions are greatly influenced by each person's value system
p p p p p p p p p
C) Personal beliefs can be adjusted for when the scientific approach to problem
p p p p p p p p p p p p
solving is used p p
D) Past experience has little to do with the quality of the decision - =Ans: B
p p p p p p p p p p p p p pp p
Feedback:
Values, life experience, individual preference, and individual ways of thinking will
p p p p p p p p p p
,influence a person's decision making. No matter how objective the criteria will b
p p p p p p p p p p p p
e, value
p
judgments will always play a part in a person's decision making, either conscious
p p p p p p p p p p p p
ly orp
subconsciously.
p<What influences the quality of a decision most often?
p p p p p p p p
A) The decision maker's immediate superior
p p p p p
B) The type of decision that needs to be made
p p p p p p p p p
C) Questions asked and alternatives generated
p p p p p
D) The time of day the decision is made - =Ans: C
p p p p p p p p p pp p
Feedback:
The greater the number of alternatives that can be generated by the decision ma
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
ker, the p
better the final decision will be. The alternatives generated and the final choices
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
are
limited by each person's value system.
p p p p p
p<What does knowledge about good decision making lead one to believe?
p p p p p p p p p p
A) Good decision makers are usually right-brain, intuitive thinkers
p p p p p p p p
B) Effective decision makers are sensitive to the situation and to others
p p p p p p p p p p p
C) Good decisions are usually made by left-brain, logical thinkers
p p p p p p p p p
D) Good decision making requires analytical rather than creative processes -
p p p p p p p p p p
=Ans: B
pp p
Feedback:
Good decision makers seem to have antennae that make them particularly sensi
p p p p p p p p p p p
tive to p
other people and situations. Left-brain thinkers are typically better at processing
p p p p p p p p p p
language, logic, numbers, and sequential ordering, whereas right-
p p p p p p p
brain thinkers excel at
p p p
nonverbal ideation and holistic synthesizing.
p p p p
<What is the best definition of decision making?
p p p p p p p p
A) The planning process of management
p p p p p
B) The evaluation phase of the executive role
p p p p p p p
C) One step in the problem-solving process
p p p p p p
D) Required to justify the need for scarce items - =Ans: C
p p p p p p p p p pp p
Feedback:
Decision making is a complex, cognitive process often defined as choosing a parti
p p p p p p p p p p p p
cular
,course of action. Decision making, one step in the problem-solving process, is an
p p p p p p p p p p p p
important task that relies heavily on critical thinking and clinical reasoning skills.
p p p p p p p p p p p
<If decision making is triggered by a problem with what does it end?
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
A) An alternative problem
p p p
B) A chosen course of action
p p p p p
C) An action that guarantees success
p p p p p
D) A restatement of the solution - =Ans: B
p p p p p p pp p
Feedback:
A decision is made when a course of action has been chosen. Problem solving is p
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
art of p
decision making and is a systematic process that focuses on analyzing a difficult
p p p p p p p p p p p p
situation. Problem solving always includes a decision-making step.
p p p p p p p
p<Why do our values often cause personal conflict in decision making?
p p p p p p p p p p
A) Some values are not realistic or healthy
p p p p p p p
B) Not all values are of equal worth
p p p p p p p
C) Our values remain unchanged over time
p p p p p p
D) Our values often collide with one another - =Ans: D
p p p p p p p p pp p
Feedback:
Values, life experience, individual preference, and individual ways of thinking will
p p p p p p p p p p
influence a person's decision making. No matter how objective the criteria will b
p p p p p p p p p p p p
e, valuep
judgments will always play a part in a person's decision making, either conscious
p p p p p p p p p p p p
ly or p
subconsciously.
p<Which statement is true concerning critical thinking?
p p p p p p
A) It is a simple approach to decision making
p p p p p p p p
B) It is narrower in scope than decision making
p p p p p p p p
C) It requires reasoning and creative analysis
p p p p p p
D) It is a synonym for the problem-solving process - =Ans: C
p p p p p p p p p pp p
Feedback:
Critical thinking has a broader scope than decision making and problem solving. I
p p p p p p p p p p p p
t isp
sometimes referred to as reflective thinking. Critical thinking also involves reflect
p p p p p p p p p p
ing
upon the meaning of statements, examining the offered evidence and reasoning,
p p p p p p p p p p
pand
forming judgments about facts. p p p
, p<How do administrative man managers make the majority of their decisions?
p p p p p p p p p p
A) After gathering all the facts
p p p p p
B) In a manner good enough to solve the problem
p p p p p p p p p
C) In a rational, logical manner
p p p p p
D) After generating all the alternatives possible - =Ans: B
p p p p p p p pp p
Feedback:
Many managers make decisions that are just ìgood enoughî because of lack of ti
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
me,
energy, or creativity to generate a number of alternatives. This is also called
p p p p p p p p p p p p
ìsatisficing.î Most people make decisions too quickly and fail to systematically ex
p p p p p p p p p p p
amine
a problem or its alternatives for solution.
p p p p p p
<What needs to be considered in evaluating the quality of one's decisions?
p p p p p p p p p p p p
A) Is evaluation necessary when using a good decision-making model?
p p p p p p p p p
B) Can evaluation be eliminated if the problem is resolved?
p p p p p p p p p
C) Will the effectiveness of the decision maker be supported?
p p p p p p p p p
D) Will the evaluation be helpful in increasing one's decision-making skills? -
p p p p p p p p p p p
=Ans: D
pp p
Feedback:
The evaluation phase is necessary to find out more about one's ability as a decisi
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
on
maker and to find out where the decision making was faulty.
p p p p p p p p p p
p<Which statement concerning the role of the powerful in organizational decisio
p p p p p p p p p p
n making
p
is true?
p
A) They exert little influence on decisions that are made
p p p p p p p p p
B) They make decisions made that are in congruence with their own values
p p p p p p p p p p p p
C) They allow others to make the decisions however they wish
p p p p p p p p p p
D) They make all the important decisions with consideration to others - =Ans: B
p p p p p p p p p p p pp p
Feedback:
Not only does the preference of the powerful influence decisions of others in the
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
organization, but the powerful are also able to inhibit the preferences of the less
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
powerful. Powerful people in organizations are more likely to have decisions ma
p p p p p p p p p p p
de that p
are congruent with their own preferences and values.
p p p p p p p
