Final Semester Exam important question Information
n n n n n
nSystems for Management
n n
(Withnpreviousnyearnpapernandncasenstudy)
BynShahnFaisal
Unit-1,n2
Questionn1nAnnMISnhasnannumbernofnsubsystems.nIdentifynandndiscussnthreensuchnsub
systemsninndetail.
AnnMISn(ManagementnInformationnSystem)nisnansystemnthatnhelpsnorganizationsninndecisi
on-
makingnprocessesnbynprovidingnrelevantninformation.nItnconsistsnofnseveralnsubsystemsnth
atnworkntogetherntonachieventhencommonngoal.nHerenarenthreensubsystemsnofnMIS:
DecisionnSupportnSystemn(DSS):
AnDecisionnSupportnSystemn(DSS)nisnancomputer-basednsystemnthatnassistsndecision-
n makingnactivitiesnwithinnannorganization.nDSSnusesnanvarietynofndatananalysisntoolsntonprov
ideninsights,nsuchnasnstatisticalnanalysis,npredictivenmodeling,nandndatanmining.nItnhelpsnma
nagersntonevaluatendifferentnscenarios,nassessnrisks,nandnidentifynopportunities.nDSSnisntypi
callynusedninnsituationsnwherentherenisnanhighnlevelnofnuncertainty,nandnwherenthendecisionni
sncomplexnandnrequiresnanlotnofnanalysis.
TransactionnProcessingnSystemn(TPS):
AnTransactionnProcessingnSystemn(TPS)nisnancomputerizednsystemnthatnfacilitatesnthenproc
essingnofndailyntransactionsnwithinnannorganization.nTPSnhelpsnorganizationsntonmanagena
ndnprocessnlargenamountsnofndata,nsuchnasnsalesntransactions,ncustomernorders,nandnpaym
ents.nItnensuresnaccuracynandntimelinessnofndatanprocessing,nwhichnisncriticalnforndecision-
makingnprocesses.nTPSnisnusuallyndesignedntonhandlenhighnvolumesnofntransactions,nandnitn
operatesninnreal-timenmode.
,ExecutivenInformationnSystemn(EIS):
AnnExecutivenInformationnSystemn(EIS)nisnancomputer-
basednsystemnthatnprovidesnstrategicninformationntontop-
levelnexecutives.nEISnprovidesnsummaryninformationnonnthenorganization'snperformance,nfi
nancialndata,nmarketntrends,nandnothernrelevantninformation.nItnhelpsntop-
levelnexecutivesntonmakenstrategicndecisions,nplannstrategies,nandnmonitornthenperformanc
enofnthenorganization.nEISnisndesignedntonprovidenannintuitivenandneasy-to-
useninterface,nwhichnallowsnexecutivesntonaccessnandnanalyzendatanquicklynandneasily.
Innsummary,nDecisionnSupportnSystemn(DSS),nTransactionnProcessingnSystemn(TPS),nandn
ExecutivenInformationnSystemn(EIS)narenthreencriticalnsubsystemsnofnMIS.nThesensystemsn
workntogetherntonprovidenrelevantninformationntonmanagers,nenableneffectivendecision-
n making,nandnhelpnorganizationsnachieventheirnobjectives.
Questionn2nwhatnarenthenphysicalncomponentnofnMISnStructure.
ThenphysicalncomponentsnofnthenMISn(ManagementnInformationnSystem)nstructurenrefernt
onthenhardwarenandninfrastructurenthatnsupportnthensystem.nHerenarensomenofnthenphysical
n componentsnofnMIS:
Computernhardware:
Computernhardwarenincludesnallnthenphysicalncomponentsnofnancomputernsystem,nsuchnasnt
hencentralnprocessingnunitn(CPU),nmemory,nstoragendevices,ninput/outputndevices,nandnnet
workndevices.nThesencomponentsnworkntogetherntonprocessnandnstorendatanandnprovideno
utput.
Datanstoragendevices:
Datanstoragendevicesnarenusedntonstorendatanandninformation.nThesendevicesncannbenintern
al,nsuchnasnhardndiskndrives,nornexternal,nsuchnasnUSBnflashndrivesnandnexternalnhardndrives.n
StoragendevicesnarencriticalncomponentsnofnMISnbecausentheynprovidenanplacentonstorenan
dnretrievendata.
,Networkninfrastructure:
Thennetworkninfrastructurenincludesnallnthencomponentsnthatnenablencommunicationnbetw
eenncomputersnandndevicesninnannorganization.nItnincludesnservers,nrouters,nswitches,nandno
thernnetworkingndevices.nAnrobustnandnreliablennetworkninfrastructurenisnessentialnfornthene
fficientnoperationnofnMIS.
Software:
SoftwarenisnancriticalncomponentnofnMISnthatnincludesnapplicationsnandnsystemsnsoftware.n
Applicationsnsoftwarenincludesnprogramsnthatnarendesignedntonperformnspecificntasks,nsuc
hnasnwordnprocessing,nspreadsheets,nandndatabasenmanagement.nSystemsnsoftwareninclu
desnthenoperatingnsystem,nwhichnmanagesnthencomputer'snhardwarenresourcesnandnprovi
desnanplatformnfornrunningnapplications.
Telecommunicationninfrastructure:
Telecommunicationninfrastructurenincludesnallnthencomponentsnthatnenablencommunicati
onnbetweennremotenlocations.nItnincludesndevicesnsuchnasntelephones,nvideonconferencingn
systems,nandnotherncommunicationntools.nThentelecommunicationninfrastructurenisncritical
n fornorganizationsnthatnhavenremotenlocationsnornemployeesnwhonworknfromnhome.
Peoplenandnprocedure
Innadditionntonhardware,nsoftware,nandndata,npeoplenandnproceduresnarenalsonimportantncomp
onentsnofnanninformationnsystem.
Peoplenreferntonthenindividualsnwhonusentheninformationnsystem,nincludingnend-
users,nITnprofessionals,nandnmanagers.nEnd-
usersnarenthenindividualsnwhoninteractnwithnthensystemntonperformntheirndailyntasks,nwhilenIT
n professionalsnarenresponsiblenforndesigning,nimplementing,nandnmaintainingnthensystem.n
Managersnarenresponsiblenfornoverseeingnthenusenofnthensystemnandnmakingndecisionsnabo
utnhownitnisnusedntonsupportnbusinessnoperations.nPeoplenplaynannimportantnroleninnthensuc
cessnofnanninformationnsystem,nasntheynarenresponsiblenfornusingnthensystemntonachievenbus
inessnobjectives.
, Proceduresnreferntonthensetnofnguidelinesnandnrulesnthatndictatenhownanninformationnsyste
mnisnused.nThesenguidelinesnandnrulesnensurenthatnthensystemnisnusedninnanconsistentnandnef
fectivenmannerntonachievenbusinessnobjectives.nProceduresnmaynincludenguidelinesnforndat
anentry,nsecuritynprotocols,nbackupnandnrecoverynprocedures,nandnothernguidelinesnthatnen
surenthensystemnisnusedninnansafenandneffectivenmanner.
Thendesignnandnimplementationnofnanninformationnsystemnshouldntakenintonaccountnthenp
eoplenandnproceduresnthatnwillnbeninvolvedninnitsnuse.nThisnincludesntrainingnend-
usersnandnITnprofessionalsnonnhowntonusenthensystem,ndevelopingnproceduresnthatnensurent
hensystemnisnusedneffectively,nandnensuringnthatnmanagersnhaventhentoolsntheynneedntonma
keninformedndecisionsnaboutnhownthensystemnisnused.nBynconsideringnpeoplenandnprocedu
resnasnkeyncomponentsnofnanninformationnsystem,norganizationsncannensurenthatntheirnsyst
emsnarenusedneffectivelyntonachievenbusinessnobjectives.
Innsummary,nthenphysicalncomponentsnofnMISnstructurenarenessentialnfornthenefficientnoper
ationnofnthensystem.nThesencomponentsnincludencomputernhardware,ndatanstoragendevice
s,nnetworkninfrastructure,nsoftware,nandntelecommunicationninfrastructure.nAnwell-
n designednandnmaintainednphysicalninfrastructurenisncriticalnfornthensuccessnofnMIS.
Questionn3nDiscussnthengeneralnframeworknofnMIS.
ThengeneralnframeworknofnManagementnInformationnSystemn(MIS)nisnansetnofninterrelatedn
componentsnthatncollect,nprocess,nstore,nandndistributeninformationntonsupportndecision-
n making,ncoordination,nandncontrolninnannorganization.nThenframeworknconsistsnofnseveraln
keyncomponentsnthatnworkntogetherntonfacilitatenthenefficientnandneffectivenmanagementn
ofninformation.
ThenfollowingnarenthengeneralncomponentsnofnthenMISnframework:
Input:
Inputnrefersntonthenrawndatanandninformationnthatnisncollectednandnenterednintonthensyste
m.nDatancannbencollectednfromnvariousnsourcesnsuchnasnsensors,ndatabases,nandnexternalns
ystems.nTheninputnstagenofnthenMISnframeworknisncrucialnbecausenthenaccuracynandncompl
etenessnofndatancannhavenansignificantnimpactnonnthenqualitynofnthenoutput.
n n n n n
nSystems for Management
n n
(Withnpreviousnyearnpapernandncasenstudy)
BynShahnFaisal
Unit-1,n2
Questionn1nAnnMISnhasnannumbernofnsubsystems.nIdentifynandndiscussnthreensuchnsub
systemsninndetail.
AnnMISn(ManagementnInformationnSystem)nisnansystemnthatnhelpsnorganizationsninndecisi
on-
makingnprocessesnbynprovidingnrelevantninformation.nItnconsistsnofnseveralnsubsystemsnth
atnworkntogetherntonachieventhencommonngoal.nHerenarenthreensubsystemsnofnMIS:
DecisionnSupportnSystemn(DSS):
AnDecisionnSupportnSystemn(DSS)nisnancomputer-basednsystemnthatnassistsndecision-
n makingnactivitiesnwithinnannorganization.nDSSnusesnanvarietynofndatananalysisntoolsntonprov
ideninsights,nsuchnasnstatisticalnanalysis,npredictivenmodeling,nandndatanmining.nItnhelpsnma
nagersntonevaluatendifferentnscenarios,nassessnrisks,nandnidentifynopportunities.nDSSnisntypi
callynusedninnsituationsnwherentherenisnanhighnlevelnofnuncertainty,nandnwherenthendecisionni
sncomplexnandnrequiresnanlotnofnanalysis.
TransactionnProcessingnSystemn(TPS):
AnTransactionnProcessingnSystemn(TPS)nisnancomputerizednsystemnthatnfacilitatesnthenproc
essingnofndailyntransactionsnwithinnannorganization.nTPSnhelpsnorganizationsntonmanagena
ndnprocessnlargenamountsnofndata,nsuchnasnsalesntransactions,ncustomernorders,nandnpaym
ents.nItnensuresnaccuracynandntimelinessnofndatanprocessing,nwhichnisncriticalnforndecision-
makingnprocesses.nTPSnisnusuallyndesignedntonhandlenhighnvolumesnofntransactions,nandnitn
operatesninnreal-timenmode.
,ExecutivenInformationnSystemn(EIS):
AnnExecutivenInformationnSystemn(EIS)nisnancomputer-
basednsystemnthatnprovidesnstrategicninformationntontop-
levelnexecutives.nEISnprovidesnsummaryninformationnonnthenorganization'snperformance,nfi
nancialndata,nmarketntrends,nandnothernrelevantninformation.nItnhelpsntop-
levelnexecutivesntonmakenstrategicndecisions,nplannstrategies,nandnmonitornthenperformanc
enofnthenorganization.nEISnisndesignedntonprovidenannintuitivenandneasy-to-
useninterface,nwhichnallowsnexecutivesntonaccessnandnanalyzendatanquicklynandneasily.
Innsummary,nDecisionnSupportnSystemn(DSS),nTransactionnProcessingnSystemn(TPS),nandn
ExecutivenInformationnSystemn(EIS)narenthreencriticalnsubsystemsnofnMIS.nThesensystemsn
workntogetherntonprovidenrelevantninformationntonmanagers,nenableneffectivendecision-
n making,nandnhelpnorganizationsnachieventheirnobjectives.
Questionn2nwhatnarenthenphysicalncomponentnofnMISnStructure.
ThenphysicalncomponentsnofnthenMISn(ManagementnInformationnSystem)nstructurenrefernt
onthenhardwarenandninfrastructurenthatnsupportnthensystem.nHerenarensomenofnthenphysical
n componentsnofnMIS:
Computernhardware:
Computernhardwarenincludesnallnthenphysicalncomponentsnofnancomputernsystem,nsuchnasnt
hencentralnprocessingnunitn(CPU),nmemory,nstoragendevices,ninput/outputndevices,nandnnet
workndevices.nThesencomponentsnworkntogetherntonprocessnandnstorendatanandnprovideno
utput.
Datanstoragendevices:
Datanstoragendevicesnarenusedntonstorendatanandninformation.nThesendevicesncannbenintern
al,nsuchnasnhardndiskndrives,nornexternal,nsuchnasnUSBnflashndrivesnandnexternalnhardndrives.n
StoragendevicesnarencriticalncomponentsnofnMISnbecausentheynprovidenanplacentonstorenan
dnretrievendata.
,Networkninfrastructure:
Thennetworkninfrastructurenincludesnallnthencomponentsnthatnenablencommunicationnbetw
eenncomputersnandndevicesninnannorganization.nItnincludesnservers,nrouters,nswitches,nandno
thernnetworkingndevices.nAnrobustnandnreliablennetworkninfrastructurenisnessentialnfornthene
fficientnoperationnofnMIS.
Software:
SoftwarenisnancriticalncomponentnofnMISnthatnincludesnapplicationsnandnsystemsnsoftware.n
Applicationsnsoftwarenincludesnprogramsnthatnarendesignedntonperformnspecificntasks,nsuc
hnasnwordnprocessing,nspreadsheets,nandndatabasenmanagement.nSystemsnsoftwareninclu
desnthenoperatingnsystem,nwhichnmanagesnthencomputer'snhardwarenresourcesnandnprovi
desnanplatformnfornrunningnapplications.
Telecommunicationninfrastructure:
Telecommunicationninfrastructurenincludesnallnthencomponentsnthatnenablencommunicati
onnbetweennremotenlocations.nItnincludesndevicesnsuchnasntelephones,nvideonconferencingn
systems,nandnotherncommunicationntools.nThentelecommunicationninfrastructurenisncritical
n fornorganizationsnthatnhavenremotenlocationsnornemployeesnwhonworknfromnhome.
Peoplenandnprocedure
Innadditionntonhardware,nsoftware,nandndata,npeoplenandnproceduresnarenalsonimportantncomp
onentsnofnanninformationnsystem.
Peoplenreferntonthenindividualsnwhonusentheninformationnsystem,nincludingnend-
users,nITnprofessionals,nandnmanagers.nEnd-
usersnarenthenindividualsnwhoninteractnwithnthensystemntonperformntheirndailyntasks,nwhilenIT
n professionalsnarenresponsiblenforndesigning,nimplementing,nandnmaintainingnthensystem.n
Managersnarenresponsiblenfornoverseeingnthenusenofnthensystemnandnmakingndecisionsnabo
utnhownitnisnusedntonsupportnbusinessnoperations.nPeoplenplaynannimportantnroleninnthensuc
cessnofnanninformationnsystem,nasntheynarenresponsiblenfornusingnthensystemntonachievenbus
inessnobjectives.
, Proceduresnreferntonthensetnofnguidelinesnandnrulesnthatndictatenhownanninformationnsyste
mnisnused.nThesenguidelinesnandnrulesnensurenthatnthensystemnisnusedninnanconsistentnandnef
fectivenmannerntonachievenbusinessnobjectives.nProceduresnmaynincludenguidelinesnforndat
anentry,nsecuritynprotocols,nbackupnandnrecoverynprocedures,nandnothernguidelinesnthatnen
surenthensystemnisnusedninnansafenandneffectivenmanner.
Thendesignnandnimplementationnofnanninformationnsystemnshouldntakenintonaccountnthenp
eoplenandnproceduresnthatnwillnbeninvolvedninnitsnuse.nThisnincludesntrainingnend-
usersnandnITnprofessionalsnonnhowntonusenthensystem,ndevelopingnproceduresnthatnensurent
hensystemnisnusedneffectively,nandnensuringnthatnmanagersnhaventhentoolsntheynneedntonma
keninformedndecisionsnaboutnhownthensystemnisnused.nBynconsideringnpeoplenandnprocedu
resnasnkeyncomponentsnofnanninformationnsystem,norganizationsncannensurenthatntheirnsyst
emsnarenusedneffectivelyntonachievenbusinessnobjectives.
Innsummary,nthenphysicalncomponentsnofnMISnstructurenarenessentialnfornthenefficientnoper
ationnofnthensystem.nThesencomponentsnincludencomputernhardware,ndatanstoragendevice
s,nnetworkninfrastructure,nsoftware,nandntelecommunicationninfrastructure.nAnwell-
n designednandnmaintainednphysicalninfrastructurenisncriticalnfornthensuccessnofnMIS.
Questionn3nDiscussnthengeneralnframeworknofnMIS.
ThengeneralnframeworknofnManagementnInformationnSystemn(MIS)nisnansetnofninterrelatedn
componentsnthatncollect,nprocess,nstore,nandndistributeninformationntonsupportndecision-
n making,ncoordination,nandncontrolninnannorganization.nThenframeworknconsistsnofnseveraln
keyncomponentsnthatnworkntogetherntonfacilitatenthenefficientnandneffectivenmanagementn
ofninformation.
ThenfollowingnarenthengeneralncomponentsnofnthenMISnframework:
Input:
Inputnrefersntonthenrawndatanandninformationnthatnisncollectednandnenterednintonthensyste
m.nDatancannbencollectednfromnvariousnsourcesnsuchnasnsensors,ndatabases,nandnexternalns
ystems.nTheninputnstagenofnthenMISnframeworknisncrucialnbecausenthenaccuracynandncompl
etenessnofndatancannhavenansignificantnimpactnonnthenqualitynofnthenoutput.
