NAVLE FINAL EXAM/ NAVLE PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
LATEST| WELL STRUCTURED| A+ GARDED|
What nerve(s) need to be blocked in or-
Cornual
der to dehorn cattle?
What nerve(s) need to be blocked in or-
cornual nerve and infratrochlear nerve
der to dehorn goats?
Several rabbits in a commercial meat
operation have developed genital scabs,
perineal ulcerations a crusty exudate
around the nose and eyes. Micro-
hemaglutination tests are positive for tre-
ponematosis.
Which one of the following steps is most
effective to treat this problem?
Penicillin IM for all rabbits, 5-7 days
A - Amprolium-medicated feed for whole
herd, 2 weeks; Increase ventilation
B - Clindamycin PO for exposed rabbits,
8 days; Cull affected animals
C - Amipcillin PO for affected rabbits,
10-14 days
D - Isolate affected animals, Lincomycin
in water 2-3 weeks
E - Penicillin IM for all rabbits, 5-7 days
Two bucket-fed veal calves are de-
pressed and stunted and have sticky B - Remove fermented rumen contents,
feces coating their hindquarters. Flu- flush with saline
id-splashing sounds are audible during
auscultation over the left flank when a This is the clinical picture of a ruminal
calf is drinking. drinker calf with chronic indigestion from
milk deposited directly into the rumen.
Passage of a stomach tube obtains a
rancid-smelling liquid with a pH of 5.2 Treat by removing the fermented material
[N=5.9-6.2] and flushing the rumen with saline. At-
tempt to induce gastric/reticular groove
Which one of the following choices is the closure during feeding by inducing vigor-
most appropriate treatment? ous sucking activity with a finger before
feeding milk. If calves relapse, consider
A - Cull affected calves
,NAVLE FINAL EXAM/ NAVLE PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
LATEST| WELL STRUCTURED| A+ GARDED|
B - Remove fermented rumen contents,
weaning.
flush with saline
C - Wean affected calves; Shift to bot-
The problem occurs due to failure of
tle-feeding for well calves
the gastric groove reflex, which normally
D - Vitamin E/Selenium injections, plus
shunts milk directly into the abomasum,
dietary supplements
(bypassing the rumen). Most often seen
E - Inoculate rumen fluid from a healthy
in bucket fed calves who gulp their milk.
cow into calf by stomach tube
D - Last half of pregnancy
Typically, Brucellosis causes abortion in
the LAST HALF of pregnancy, for the 5th
month onwards. Last trimester is also a
good answer, though not entirely correct.
You might remember "Bruce is always
late".
Expect STILLBORN calves. Cows only
abort ONCE.
Brucellosis is REPORTABLE.
Abortions due to brucellosis tend to oc-
The vaccines used are the Brucella abor-
cur at what stage of pregnancy?
tus strain 19 vaccine or the RB51 vac-
cine, given to heifer calves 4-12 months
old, along with a USDA tattoo in the right
ear. Remember: "The right ear is the
RIGHT EAR".
BVD and Trichomoniasis (occasionally)
can cause early abortion in cows, but
MOST things cause abortion late, like
3rd trimester.
Listeriosis and Arcanobacterium pyo-
genes can cause abortion at any time
during pregnancy.
,A cow is presented on emergency with
urea/non-protein nitrogen toxicity.
What is the treatment of choice?
A - Atropine, Protopam chloride IV q 4-6
hours B - Rumenal infusion 2-8 liters vine-
B - Rumenal infusion 2-8 liters vine- gar,3-10 gallons cold water
gar,3-10 gallons cold water
C - Rumenotomy
D - IV Fluids with MgSO4, Na thiosulfate
PO
E - Relieve bloat, drench with 2-8 liters
sodium bicarbonate
A 3-month old calf is presented for A - Treat the other calves with vitamin
necropsy. The calf collapsed and sud- E/Selenium
denly died this morning after she es-
caped and was chased around the back Treat the other calves with vitamin E/Se-
pasture for 45 minutes by her owner. lenium. Think White Muscle Disease
when you see SUDDEN DEATH and
Among other things, endocardial endocardial PLAQUES in a young calf,
plaques in the left ventricle of this calf's lamb or kid with a history of recent VIG-
heart are discovered. OROUS EXERCISE. Follow this link to
a Merck image of pale ventricular my-
What advice should be given the ocardium.
farmer?
Typically seen in young, fast-growing an-
A - Treat the other calves with vitamin imals (ie: calves 2 weeks-6 mos) Clinical
E/Selenium signs may include dyspnea (due to my-
B - Check the mother for bovine leukosis ocardial disease), stiff gait, arched back,
by AGID weakness, recumbent but BAR (bright,
C - Take all the calves off ionophore-con- alert, responsive).
taining feed
D - Start the other calves on Ceftiofur Sudden death may resemble enterotox-
(Naxcel ®) emia, should see acute bloody diarrhea,
E - Search the calf barn for sources of convulsions, opisthotonos in first days of
lead life with enterotoxemia.
Which pair of neonatal calf diarrheas
both have public health/zoonotic signifi-
cance?
, C - Cryptosporidiosis, Salmonella
Cryptosporidiosis is caused by a pro-
tozoa implicated in drinking water-as-
sociated outbreaks of diarrhea in hu-
mans; Salmonellae can infect humans
from a number of different sources (tur-
tles, chickens, eggs)
E. Coli can cause human disease, but
Ostertagia and bovine rotavirus do not.
(There IS a human version of rotavirus,
however)
C. perfringens can be found in soil and
in the normal gut flora and is not conta-
gious.
C - Astragalus flavus (Milk vetch)
Swainsonine is found in many species
of Astragalus and Oxytropis, called lo-
coweeds, vetches, or milk vetches.
Ingestion of swainsonine causes neuro-
Swainsonine is a toxic compound pre- logic signs of cerebral disease, called
sent in which one of the following plants? "locoism" in livestock. Behavior changes,
aggression, ataxia, depression, circling,
A - Persea americana (Avocado) and vision loss are some of the clinical
B - Pteridium aquilinum (Bracken fern) signs seen.
C - Astragalus flavus (Milk vetch)
D - Prunus virginiana (Chokecherry) Recovery is possible with removal of the
E - Nerium oleander (Oleander) source, but since locoweed is palatable,
animals may eat it again even when other
forage is available.
Cattle consuming locoweed at high alti-
tudes can develop congestive heart fail-
ure, called "High mountain disease". Pul-
monary hypertension causes excessive
LATEST| WELL STRUCTURED| A+ GARDED|
What nerve(s) need to be blocked in or-
Cornual
der to dehorn cattle?
What nerve(s) need to be blocked in or-
cornual nerve and infratrochlear nerve
der to dehorn goats?
Several rabbits in a commercial meat
operation have developed genital scabs,
perineal ulcerations a crusty exudate
around the nose and eyes. Micro-
hemaglutination tests are positive for tre-
ponematosis.
Which one of the following steps is most
effective to treat this problem?
Penicillin IM for all rabbits, 5-7 days
A - Amprolium-medicated feed for whole
herd, 2 weeks; Increase ventilation
B - Clindamycin PO for exposed rabbits,
8 days; Cull affected animals
C - Amipcillin PO for affected rabbits,
10-14 days
D - Isolate affected animals, Lincomycin
in water 2-3 weeks
E - Penicillin IM for all rabbits, 5-7 days
Two bucket-fed veal calves are de-
pressed and stunted and have sticky B - Remove fermented rumen contents,
feces coating their hindquarters. Flu- flush with saline
id-splashing sounds are audible during
auscultation over the left flank when a This is the clinical picture of a ruminal
calf is drinking. drinker calf with chronic indigestion from
milk deposited directly into the rumen.
Passage of a stomach tube obtains a
rancid-smelling liquid with a pH of 5.2 Treat by removing the fermented material
[N=5.9-6.2] and flushing the rumen with saline. At-
tempt to induce gastric/reticular groove
Which one of the following choices is the closure during feeding by inducing vigor-
most appropriate treatment? ous sucking activity with a finger before
feeding milk. If calves relapse, consider
A - Cull affected calves
,NAVLE FINAL EXAM/ NAVLE PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
LATEST| WELL STRUCTURED| A+ GARDED|
B - Remove fermented rumen contents,
weaning.
flush with saline
C - Wean affected calves; Shift to bot-
The problem occurs due to failure of
tle-feeding for well calves
the gastric groove reflex, which normally
D - Vitamin E/Selenium injections, plus
shunts milk directly into the abomasum,
dietary supplements
(bypassing the rumen). Most often seen
E - Inoculate rumen fluid from a healthy
in bucket fed calves who gulp their milk.
cow into calf by stomach tube
D - Last half of pregnancy
Typically, Brucellosis causes abortion in
the LAST HALF of pregnancy, for the 5th
month onwards. Last trimester is also a
good answer, though not entirely correct.
You might remember "Bruce is always
late".
Expect STILLBORN calves. Cows only
abort ONCE.
Brucellosis is REPORTABLE.
Abortions due to brucellosis tend to oc-
The vaccines used are the Brucella abor-
cur at what stage of pregnancy?
tus strain 19 vaccine or the RB51 vac-
cine, given to heifer calves 4-12 months
old, along with a USDA tattoo in the right
ear. Remember: "The right ear is the
RIGHT EAR".
BVD and Trichomoniasis (occasionally)
can cause early abortion in cows, but
MOST things cause abortion late, like
3rd trimester.
Listeriosis and Arcanobacterium pyo-
genes can cause abortion at any time
during pregnancy.
,A cow is presented on emergency with
urea/non-protein nitrogen toxicity.
What is the treatment of choice?
A - Atropine, Protopam chloride IV q 4-6
hours B - Rumenal infusion 2-8 liters vine-
B - Rumenal infusion 2-8 liters vine- gar,3-10 gallons cold water
gar,3-10 gallons cold water
C - Rumenotomy
D - IV Fluids with MgSO4, Na thiosulfate
PO
E - Relieve bloat, drench with 2-8 liters
sodium bicarbonate
A 3-month old calf is presented for A - Treat the other calves with vitamin
necropsy. The calf collapsed and sud- E/Selenium
denly died this morning after she es-
caped and was chased around the back Treat the other calves with vitamin E/Se-
pasture for 45 minutes by her owner. lenium. Think White Muscle Disease
when you see SUDDEN DEATH and
Among other things, endocardial endocardial PLAQUES in a young calf,
plaques in the left ventricle of this calf's lamb or kid with a history of recent VIG-
heart are discovered. OROUS EXERCISE. Follow this link to
a Merck image of pale ventricular my-
What advice should be given the ocardium.
farmer?
Typically seen in young, fast-growing an-
A - Treat the other calves with vitamin imals (ie: calves 2 weeks-6 mos) Clinical
E/Selenium signs may include dyspnea (due to my-
B - Check the mother for bovine leukosis ocardial disease), stiff gait, arched back,
by AGID weakness, recumbent but BAR (bright,
C - Take all the calves off ionophore-con- alert, responsive).
taining feed
D - Start the other calves on Ceftiofur Sudden death may resemble enterotox-
(Naxcel ®) emia, should see acute bloody diarrhea,
E - Search the calf barn for sources of convulsions, opisthotonos in first days of
lead life with enterotoxemia.
Which pair of neonatal calf diarrheas
both have public health/zoonotic signifi-
cance?
, C - Cryptosporidiosis, Salmonella
Cryptosporidiosis is caused by a pro-
tozoa implicated in drinking water-as-
sociated outbreaks of diarrhea in hu-
mans; Salmonellae can infect humans
from a number of different sources (tur-
tles, chickens, eggs)
E. Coli can cause human disease, but
Ostertagia and bovine rotavirus do not.
(There IS a human version of rotavirus,
however)
C. perfringens can be found in soil and
in the normal gut flora and is not conta-
gious.
C - Astragalus flavus (Milk vetch)
Swainsonine is found in many species
of Astragalus and Oxytropis, called lo-
coweeds, vetches, or milk vetches.
Ingestion of swainsonine causes neuro-
Swainsonine is a toxic compound pre- logic signs of cerebral disease, called
sent in which one of the following plants? "locoism" in livestock. Behavior changes,
aggression, ataxia, depression, circling,
A - Persea americana (Avocado) and vision loss are some of the clinical
B - Pteridium aquilinum (Bracken fern) signs seen.
C - Astragalus flavus (Milk vetch)
D - Prunus virginiana (Chokecherry) Recovery is possible with removal of the
E - Nerium oleander (Oleander) source, but since locoweed is palatable,
animals may eat it again even when other
forage is available.
Cattle consuming locoweed at high alti-
tudes can develop congestive heart fail-
ure, called "High mountain disease". Pul-
monary hypertension causes excessive
