W2 NR571- midterm study set cardio
questions with verified answers latest
update 2025
12. what first line VTE medications should not be given to a patient
with a history of HIT? --- correct answers ---should not receive:
heparin or LMWH
SHOUD receive danaparoid, argatroban or fondaparinux
HIT: heparin induce-thrombocytopenia
13. reversal agent for Heparin or LMWH--- correct answers ---
protamine sulfate
14. reversal agent for warfarin--- correct answers --- Vitamin K oral
or IV Prothrombin complex concentrate
Vit K takes 12 hrs to take effect, IV is faster.
PCC works instantly but only last 4-6 hours- should be used together.
15. reversal agent for dabigatran. (DOA) --- correct answers ---
Antibodies to dabigatran (Idarucizum- ab)- book answer
16. reversal agent for Factor Xa Inhibitors--- correct answers ---
(apixaban, rivaroxaban, edoxaban and betrixaban): 4-Factor PCC
(Kcentra)
17. Differential Dx for PE--- correct answers --- Pneumonia, asthma,
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
,Congestive heart failure Pericarditis
Pleurisy: "viral syndrome," costochondritis, musculoskeletal
discomfort Rib fracture, pneumothorax
Acute coronary syndrome Anxiety
Vasovagal syncope
18. first-line therapy for most patients in treating acute PE. ---
correct answers --- Direct Oral Antico- agulants (DOAC)
include dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban.
these however should not be given in a patient with renal disease
(CrCl<30 ml/min)
moderate to severe liver disease antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
**HIGH COST- may need to consider when prescribing
19. Thrombolytic therapy (reperfusion therapy) should be
considered when?-
--- correct answers --- instead of DOACs/VKAs for :
-hemodynamically unstable patients
-those at high risk for decompensation, as long as the risk for bleeding
is considered low.
20. vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) considerations--- correct answers
--- -low cost
-can be used in patients with renal disease and liver disease
, -unfractionated heparin (UFH) or low molecular weight heparin
(LMWH) must be initiated at the same time and overlapped for a
minimum of 5 days.
-therapeutic INR should be maintained for at least 24 hours before it
can be
discontinued.
-should be given to unstable patients for action to work faster.
21. A 67-year-old patient with a history of bladder cancer presents
to the emergency department with acute dyspnea. Vital signs are T
37.9°C, HR 110, RR 24, BP 89/40, and SaO2 90 %. On physical exam,
he is alert and oriented but appears anxious and has an increased
work of breathing. Lung sounds and heart sounds are normal. There
are no other abnormal physical exam findings except a swollen and
tender left lower extremity. EKG and chest x-ray are normal. Labs and
ABG results are still pending. The AGACNP strongly suspects acute
pulmonary embolism. Which of the following is the next step in
treating this patient?
1. provide oxygen, IV fluids, and consider IV vasopressors
2. order a non-contrast chest CT
3. initiate rapid sequence intubation (RSI) and mechanical
ventilation
4. order bilateral lower extremity venous doppler ultrasound---
correct answers --- provide oxygen, IV fluids, and consider IV
vasopressors
questions with verified answers latest
update 2025
12. what first line VTE medications should not be given to a patient
with a history of HIT? --- correct answers ---should not receive:
heparin or LMWH
SHOUD receive danaparoid, argatroban or fondaparinux
HIT: heparin induce-thrombocytopenia
13. reversal agent for Heparin or LMWH--- correct answers ---
protamine sulfate
14. reversal agent for warfarin--- correct answers --- Vitamin K oral
or IV Prothrombin complex concentrate
Vit K takes 12 hrs to take effect, IV is faster.
PCC works instantly but only last 4-6 hours- should be used together.
15. reversal agent for dabigatran. (DOA) --- correct answers ---
Antibodies to dabigatran (Idarucizum- ab)- book answer
16. reversal agent for Factor Xa Inhibitors--- correct answers ---
(apixaban, rivaroxaban, edoxaban and betrixaban): 4-Factor PCC
(Kcentra)
17. Differential Dx for PE--- correct answers --- Pneumonia, asthma,
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
,Congestive heart failure Pericarditis
Pleurisy: "viral syndrome," costochondritis, musculoskeletal
discomfort Rib fracture, pneumothorax
Acute coronary syndrome Anxiety
Vasovagal syncope
18. first-line therapy for most patients in treating acute PE. ---
correct answers --- Direct Oral Antico- agulants (DOAC)
include dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban.
these however should not be given in a patient with renal disease
(CrCl<30 ml/min)
moderate to severe liver disease antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
**HIGH COST- may need to consider when prescribing
19. Thrombolytic therapy (reperfusion therapy) should be
considered when?-
--- correct answers --- instead of DOACs/VKAs for :
-hemodynamically unstable patients
-those at high risk for decompensation, as long as the risk for bleeding
is considered low.
20. vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) considerations--- correct answers
--- -low cost
-can be used in patients with renal disease and liver disease
, -unfractionated heparin (UFH) or low molecular weight heparin
(LMWH) must be initiated at the same time and overlapped for a
minimum of 5 days.
-therapeutic INR should be maintained for at least 24 hours before it
can be
discontinued.
-should be given to unstable patients for action to work faster.
21. A 67-year-old patient with a history of bladder cancer presents
to the emergency department with acute dyspnea. Vital signs are T
37.9°C, HR 110, RR 24, BP 89/40, and SaO2 90 %. On physical exam,
he is alert and oriented but appears anxious and has an increased
work of breathing. Lung sounds and heart sounds are normal. There
are no other abnormal physical exam findings except a swollen and
tender left lower extremity. EKG and chest x-ray are normal. Labs and
ABG results are still pending. The AGACNP strongly suspects acute
pulmonary embolism. Which of the following is the next step in
treating this patient?
1. provide oxygen, IV fluids, and consider IV vasopressors
2. order a non-contrast chest CT
3. initiate rapid sequence intubation (RSI) and mechanical
ventilation
4. order bilateral lower extremity venous doppler ultrasound---
correct answers --- provide oxygen, IV fluids, and consider IV
vasopressors
