Chapter 1 h
MultiplehChoice
1.
AshdefinedhbyhC.hWrighthMills,hwhichhofhthehfollowingh“enableshushtohgrasphhistoryhandhbiographyhandhthehrelationsh
betweenhthehtwohwithinhsociety”?
a. formalhsociology
b. sociologicalhimagination
c. microsociology
d. macrosociology
ANS:hBhDIF:hEasyhREF:hPageh5
TOP:hFactualhOBJ:hSociologicalhImagination
2.
FeelinghdiscomforthabouthruralhChinesehsociety,hwherehmanyhgenerationshofhahfamilyhsleephinhthehsamehbed,hishkno
wnhas:
a. xenophobia.
b. Verstehen.
c. socialhidentity.
d. socialhecology.
ANS:hAhDIF:hModeratehREF:hPagesh6–7
TOP:hAppliedhOBJ:hSociologicalhImagination
3.
HowhdoeshthehtextbookhauthorhusehdialoguehfromhPulphFiction,hinhwhichhthehcharactershdiscusshhowhinhHollandhpeo
plehputhmayonnaisehonhtheirhfrenchhfries?
a. tohintroducehthehsociologyhofhfilm
b. tohexplainhthehsociologicalhimagination
c. tohexplainhsocialhinstitutions
d. tohdefinehformalhsociology
ANS:hBhDIF:hEasyhREF:hPageh7
TOP:hAppliedhOBJ:hSociologicalhImagination
4.
Ahfemalehmanagerhishattemptinghtohclimbhherhwayhtohthehtophofhthehcorporatehladder.hShehworkshashhard,hifhnothhard
er,hthanhherhmalehcolleagues,hbuthnothinghshehseemshtohdohhelpshherhadvance.hShehbeginshtohnoticehthathmalesharehbe
inghpromoted,hbuthfemaleshtendhtohbehoverlookedhforhadvancements.hThehrealizationhthathmanyhwomenhinhherhcircumst
anceharehexperiencinghthehsamehdiscriminationhishanhexamplehof:
a. anomie.
b. Verstehen.
c. sociologicalhimagination.
d. socialhcohesion.
ANS:hChDIF:hDifficulthREF:hPageh5
TOP:hAppliedhOBJ:hSociologicalhImagination
5.
Sociologistshandheconomistshhavehshownhthaththehbenefitshofhhigherheducationhincludehhigherhmedianhincomeshforh
collegehgraduates.hThishishknownhas:
a. educationalhinvestment.
b. thehreturnshtohschooling.
c. studyhhardhorhbehpoor.
d. gethanheducation;hgethahjob.
ANS:hBhDIF:hModeratehREF:hPageh8
TOP:hFactualhOBJ:hReturnshtohSchooling
, 6.
Afterhdoinghsomehsociologicalhmath,hwhathishthehnethdifferencehbetweenhthehannualhearningshofhthehaveragehhighhs
choolhversushcollegehgraduate?
a. abouth$5,000hperhyear
b. abouth$10,000hperhyear
c. abouth$15,000hperhyear
d. abouth$50,000hperhyear
ANS:hChDIF:hDifficulthREF:hPageh9
TOP:hConceptualhOBJ:hReturnshtohSchooling
7. AccordinghtohRandallhCollins’sh(1979)hresearch,hthehexpansionhofhhigherheducationhis:
a. mainlyhcausedhbyhthehglobalizationhofhcapitalism.
b. likelyhcausedhbyhless-preparedhhighhschoolhstudentshenteringhcollege.
c. ahresulthofhcredentialism handhexpenditureshonhformalheducation.
d. ahresulthofhincreasinghgovernmentalhinterferencehinheducationalhfunding.
ANS:hChDIF:hDifficulthREF:hPageh11
TOP:hFactualhOBJ:hCredentialism
8. Accordinghtohresearchhusedhtohquestionhcredentialism,hwhathmighthithcosthtohbuyhahcollegehdiplomahonline?
a. $29.95
b. $99.99
c. $250.00
d. athleasth$1,000
ANS:hAhDIF:hModeratehREF:hPageh11
TOP:hFactualhOBJ:hCredentialism
9.
Inhtoday’shsociety,hRandallhCollinshmighthsuggesththathgettinghah“piecehofhpaper”hishmorehimportanthtohmanyhthanhac
tuallyhhavinghthehknowledgehtohdohahjob.hHehcallshthehpriorityhplacedhonhformalheducation:
a. secondaryheducation.
b. credentialism.
c. normlessness.
d. xenophobia.
ANS:hBhDIF:hDifficulthREF:hPageh11
TOP:hConceptualhOBJ:hCredentialism
10.
Allhofhthehfollowingharehexampleshofhsocialhinstitutionshusedhtohpreventhwebsiteshfromhundermininghcolleges’hdegree
-conferringhabilitieshEXCEPT:
a. copyrighthlaw.
b. policehforces.
c. employers.
d. families.
ANS:hDhDIF:hEasyhREF:hPageh11
TOP:hFactualhOBJ:hSocialhInstitutions
11.
Whichhofhthehfollowinghishdefinedhashahsethofhstorieshembeddedhwithinhahsocialhnetworkhabouththehstandardhwayshah
societyhmeetshitshneeds?
a. ahsocialhidentity
b. ahsocialhinstitution
c. ahtheory
d. anomie
ANS:hBhDIF:hModeratehREF:hPageh12
TOP:hFactualhOBJ:hSocialhInstitutions
12. Thehauthorhofhyourhtexthstateshthaththehmosthage-segregatedhsocialhinstitutionhinhourhsocietyhis:
a. ahhospital.
b. ahmentalhinstitution.
c. ahprison.
d. ahfour-yearhcollege.
,ANS:hDhDIF:hEasyhREF:hPageh12
TOP:hFactualhOBJ:hSocialhInstitutions
13. Ahfamily,hashahgrouphofhpeoplehlivinghtogetherhsharinghindividualhstories,hmakeshupha(n):
a. socialhinstitution.
b. conflicthinstitution.
c. anomichinstitution.
d. creativehinstitution.
ANS:hAhDIF:hDifficulthREF:hPageh13
TOP:hConceptualhOBJ:hSocialhInstitutions
14. ThehPhilliphMorrishCompanyhchangedhitshnamehtohAltirahinhanhattempthtohstarthahnew:
a. linehofhcigarettes.
b. defensehagainsthlawhsuits.
c. socialhidentity.
d. multinationalhcompany.
ANS:hChDIF:hModeratehREF:hPageh13
TOP:hFactualhOBJ:hSocialhIdentity
15. Theh“grandhnarrative”hthathconstituteshahsocialhidentity:
a. ishnothinghmorehthanhahsumhofhindividualhstorieshtoldhbetweenhpairshofhindividuals.
b. remainshthehsamehthroughouthtime.
c. canhonlyhbehdefinedhbyhthehindividualhhim-horhherself.
d. ishbesthdisplayedhonlinehonhMySpacehandhFacebook.
ANS:hAhDIF:hModeratehREF:hPageh13
TOP:hConceptualhOBJ:hSocialhIdentity
16. Ashahformalhfield,hsociologyhishahrelativelyh____________hdiscipline,hashdiscussedhinhChapterh1.
a. old
b. established
c. young
d. conservative
ANS:hChDIF:hEasyhREF:hPageh15
TOP:hFactualhOBJ:hEarlyhSociologicalhTheory
17. Whohwashthehauthorhofhthehfirsthmethodshbookhinhthehdisciplinehofhsociology?
a. EmilehDurkheim
b. HarriethMartineau
c. JanehAddams
d. MaxhWeber
ANS:hBhDIF:hModeratehREF:hPageh18
TOP:hFactualhOBJ:hAugusthComtehandhHarriethMartineau
18. InhthehbookhHowhtohObservehMoralshandhManners,hthehinstitutionhofhmarriagehishcriticizedhas:
a. basedhonhanhassumptionhofhthehinferiorityhofhwomen.
b. basedhonhanhassumptionhofhthehinferiorityhofhmen.
c. reinforcinghcompulsoryhheterosexuality.
d. perpetuatinghsocialhclasshstratification.
ANS:hAhDIF:hModeratehREF:hPageh18
TOP:hFactualhOBJ:hAugusthComtehandhHarriethMartineauh|hFeministhTheory
19. Whichhofhthehfollowinghsociologistshdevelopedhthehtheoryhofhpositivism?
a. AugustehComte
b. EmilehDurkheim
c. KarlhMarx
d. MaxhWeber
ANS:hAhDIF:hModeratehREF:hPageh15
TOP:hFactualhOBJ:hPositivism
20. Positivismhishbesthdefinedhas:
a. thehideahthathwehcanhscientificallyhandhlogicallyhstudyhsocialhinstitutionshandhthehindividualshwithinhthem.
b. theheffecthofhreligionhonhsocialhinstitutionshandhthehindividualshwithinhthem.
, c. thehstudyhofhthehsymbolichinteractionshbetweenhsocialhinstitutionshandhthehindividualshwithinhthem.
d. thehrelationshiphbetweenhscientifichandhreligioushsocialhinstitutions.
ANS:hAhDIF:hDifficulthREF:hPageh16
TOP:hFactualhOBJ:hPositivism
21.
AccordinghtohComte,hpositivismharosehouthofhahneedhtohmakeh____________hsensehofhthehsocialhorderhinhahtimehofh
declininghreligioushauthority.
a. scientific
b. moral
c. rational
d. economic
ANS:hBhDIF:hModeratehREF:hPageh16
TOP:hFactualhOBJ:hPositivism
22. Thehpersonhthathishoftenhconsideredhtohbehthehfoundinghfatherhofhpositivismhis:
a. ÉmilehDurkheim.
b. KarlhMarx.
c. GeorghSimmel.
d. GeorgehHerberthMead.
ANS:hAhDIF:hModeratehREF:hPageh23
TOP:hFactualhOBJ:hPositivism
23.
Allhofhthehfollowingharehknownhashthehthreehepistemologicalhstageshofhhumanhsociety,hashexplainedhbyhComte,hEXC
EPT:
a. thehtheologicalhstage.
b. thehmetaphysicalhstage.
c. thehscientifichstage.
d. thehpost-scientifichstage.
ANS:hDhDIF:hEasyhREF:hPagesh16–17
TOP:hFactualhOBJ:hEpistemologicalhStages
24.
WhichhofhthehthreehhistoricalhepistemologicalhstageshofhhumanhsocietyhdidhComtehexplainhwashhighlightedhbyhEnlig
htenmenththinkinghsuchhashRousseau’s,hMill’s,handhHobbes’shbeliefshinhbiologicalhcauseshforhhumanhbehavior?
a. thehtheologicalhstage
b. thehmetaphysicalhstage
c. thehscientifichstage
d. thehpost-scientifichstage
ANS:hBhDIF:hModeratehREF:hPageh17h
TOP:hFactualhOBJ:hEpistemologicalhStages
25.
WhichhofhthehthreehhistoricalhepistemologicalhstageshofhhumanhsocietyhdidhComtehclaimhwashcharacterizedhbyhthehd
evelopmenthofhsocialhphysicshtohexplainhhumanhbehavior?
a. thehtheologicalhstage
b. thehmetaphysicalhstage
c. thehscientifichstage
d. thehpost-scientifichstage
ANS:hChDIF:hModeratehREF:hPageh17h
TOP:hFactualhOBJ:hEpistemologicalhStages
26.
WhichhofhthehthreehhistoricalhepistemologicalhstageshdidhComteharguehwouldhexplainhhumanhsocietyhbyhconsultinght
hehBiblehorhotherhreligioushtexts?
a. thehtheologicalhstage
b. thehmetaphysicalhstage
c. thehscientifichstage
d. thehpost-scientifichstage
ANS:hAhDIF:hModeratehREF:hPageh16h
MultiplehChoice
1.
AshdefinedhbyhC.hWrighthMills,hwhichhofhthehfollowingh“enableshushtohgrasphhistoryhandhbiographyhandhthehrelationsh
betweenhthehtwohwithinhsociety”?
a. formalhsociology
b. sociologicalhimagination
c. microsociology
d. macrosociology
ANS:hBhDIF:hEasyhREF:hPageh5
TOP:hFactualhOBJ:hSociologicalhImagination
2.
FeelinghdiscomforthabouthruralhChinesehsociety,hwherehmanyhgenerationshofhahfamilyhsleephinhthehsamehbed,hishkno
wnhas:
a. xenophobia.
b. Verstehen.
c. socialhidentity.
d. socialhecology.
ANS:hAhDIF:hModeratehREF:hPagesh6–7
TOP:hAppliedhOBJ:hSociologicalhImagination
3.
HowhdoeshthehtextbookhauthorhusehdialoguehfromhPulphFiction,hinhwhichhthehcharactershdiscusshhowhinhHollandhpeo
plehputhmayonnaisehonhtheirhfrenchhfries?
a. tohintroducehthehsociologyhofhfilm
b. tohexplainhthehsociologicalhimagination
c. tohexplainhsocialhinstitutions
d. tohdefinehformalhsociology
ANS:hBhDIF:hEasyhREF:hPageh7
TOP:hAppliedhOBJ:hSociologicalhImagination
4.
Ahfemalehmanagerhishattemptinghtohclimbhherhwayhtohthehtophofhthehcorporatehladder.hShehworkshashhard,hifhnothhard
er,hthanhherhmalehcolleagues,hbuthnothinghshehseemshtohdohhelpshherhadvance.hShehbeginshtohnoticehthathmalesharehbe
inghpromoted,hbuthfemaleshtendhtohbehoverlookedhforhadvancements.hThehrealizationhthathmanyhwomenhinhherhcircumst
anceharehexperiencinghthehsamehdiscriminationhishanhexamplehof:
a. anomie.
b. Verstehen.
c. sociologicalhimagination.
d. socialhcohesion.
ANS:hChDIF:hDifficulthREF:hPageh5
TOP:hAppliedhOBJ:hSociologicalhImagination
5.
Sociologistshandheconomistshhavehshownhthaththehbenefitshofhhigherheducationhincludehhigherhmedianhincomeshforh
collegehgraduates.hThishishknownhas:
a. educationalhinvestment.
b. thehreturnshtohschooling.
c. studyhhardhorhbehpoor.
d. gethanheducation;hgethahjob.
ANS:hBhDIF:hModeratehREF:hPageh8
TOP:hFactualhOBJ:hReturnshtohSchooling
, 6.
Afterhdoinghsomehsociologicalhmath,hwhathishthehnethdifferencehbetweenhthehannualhearningshofhthehaveragehhighhs
choolhversushcollegehgraduate?
a. abouth$5,000hperhyear
b. abouth$10,000hperhyear
c. abouth$15,000hperhyear
d. abouth$50,000hperhyear
ANS:hChDIF:hDifficulthREF:hPageh9
TOP:hConceptualhOBJ:hReturnshtohSchooling
7. AccordinghtohRandallhCollins’sh(1979)hresearch,hthehexpansionhofhhigherheducationhis:
a. mainlyhcausedhbyhthehglobalizationhofhcapitalism.
b. likelyhcausedhbyhless-preparedhhighhschoolhstudentshenteringhcollege.
c. ahresulthofhcredentialism handhexpenditureshonhformalheducation.
d. ahresulthofhincreasinghgovernmentalhinterferencehinheducationalhfunding.
ANS:hChDIF:hDifficulthREF:hPageh11
TOP:hFactualhOBJ:hCredentialism
8. Accordinghtohresearchhusedhtohquestionhcredentialism,hwhathmighthithcosthtohbuyhahcollegehdiplomahonline?
a. $29.95
b. $99.99
c. $250.00
d. athleasth$1,000
ANS:hAhDIF:hModeratehREF:hPageh11
TOP:hFactualhOBJ:hCredentialism
9.
Inhtoday’shsociety,hRandallhCollinshmighthsuggesththathgettinghah“piecehofhpaper”hishmorehimportanthtohmanyhthanhac
tuallyhhavinghthehknowledgehtohdohahjob.hHehcallshthehpriorityhplacedhonhformalheducation:
a. secondaryheducation.
b. credentialism.
c. normlessness.
d. xenophobia.
ANS:hBhDIF:hDifficulthREF:hPageh11
TOP:hConceptualhOBJ:hCredentialism
10.
Allhofhthehfollowingharehexampleshofhsocialhinstitutionshusedhtohpreventhwebsiteshfromhundermininghcolleges’hdegree
-conferringhabilitieshEXCEPT:
a. copyrighthlaw.
b. policehforces.
c. employers.
d. families.
ANS:hDhDIF:hEasyhREF:hPageh11
TOP:hFactualhOBJ:hSocialhInstitutions
11.
Whichhofhthehfollowinghishdefinedhashahsethofhstorieshembeddedhwithinhahsocialhnetworkhabouththehstandardhwayshah
societyhmeetshitshneeds?
a. ahsocialhidentity
b. ahsocialhinstitution
c. ahtheory
d. anomie
ANS:hBhDIF:hModeratehREF:hPageh12
TOP:hFactualhOBJ:hSocialhInstitutions
12. Thehauthorhofhyourhtexthstateshthaththehmosthage-segregatedhsocialhinstitutionhinhourhsocietyhis:
a. ahhospital.
b. ahmentalhinstitution.
c. ahprison.
d. ahfour-yearhcollege.
,ANS:hDhDIF:hEasyhREF:hPageh12
TOP:hFactualhOBJ:hSocialhInstitutions
13. Ahfamily,hashahgrouphofhpeoplehlivinghtogetherhsharinghindividualhstories,hmakeshupha(n):
a. socialhinstitution.
b. conflicthinstitution.
c. anomichinstitution.
d. creativehinstitution.
ANS:hAhDIF:hDifficulthREF:hPageh13
TOP:hConceptualhOBJ:hSocialhInstitutions
14. ThehPhilliphMorrishCompanyhchangedhitshnamehtohAltirahinhanhattempthtohstarthahnew:
a. linehofhcigarettes.
b. defensehagainsthlawhsuits.
c. socialhidentity.
d. multinationalhcompany.
ANS:hChDIF:hModeratehREF:hPageh13
TOP:hFactualhOBJ:hSocialhIdentity
15. Theh“grandhnarrative”hthathconstituteshahsocialhidentity:
a. ishnothinghmorehthanhahsumhofhindividualhstorieshtoldhbetweenhpairshofhindividuals.
b. remainshthehsamehthroughouthtime.
c. canhonlyhbehdefinedhbyhthehindividualhhim-horhherself.
d. ishbesthdisplayedhonlinehonhMySpacehandhFacebook.
ANS:hAhDIF:hModeratehREF:hPageh13
TOP:hConceptualhOBJ:hSocialhIdentity
16. Ashahformalhfield,hsociologyhishahrelativelyh____________hdiscipline,hashdiscussedhinhChapterh1.
a. old
b. established
c. young
d. conservative
ANS:hChDIF:hEasyhREF:hPageh15
TOP:hFactualhOBJ:hEarlyhSociologicalhTheory
17. Whohwashthehauthorhofhthehfirsthmethodshbookhinhthehdisciplinehofhsociology?
a. EmilehDurkheim
b. HarriethMartineau
c. JanehAddams
d. MaxhWeber
ANS:hBhDIF:hModeratehREF:hPageh18
TOP:hFactualhOBJ:hAugusthComtehandhHarriethMartineau
18. InhthehbookhHowhtohObservehMoralshandhManners,hthehinstitutionhofhmarriagehishcriticizedhas:
a. basedhonhanhassumptionhofhthehinferiorityhofhwomen.
b. basedhonhanhassumptionhofhthehinferiorityhofhmen.
c. reinforcinghcompulsoryhheterosexuality.
d. perpetuatinghsocialhclasshstratification.
ANS:hAhDIF:hModeratehREF:hPageh18
TOP:hFactualhOBJ:hAugusthComtehandhHarriethMartineauh|hFeministhTheory
19. Whichhofhthehfollowinghsociologistshdevelopedhthehtheoryhofhpositivism?
a. AugustehComte
b. EmilehDurkheim
c. KarlhMarx
d. MaxhWeber
ANS:hAhDIF:hModeratehREF:hPageh15
TOP:hFactualhOBJ:hPositivism
20. Positivismhishbesthdefinedhas:
a. thehideahthathwehcanhscientificallyhandhlogicallyhstudyhsocialhinstitutionshandhthehindividualshwithinhthem.
b. theheffecthofhreligionhonhsocialhinstitutionshandhthehindividualshwithinhthem.
, c. thehstudyhofhthehsymbolichinteractionshbetweenhsocialhinstitutionshandhthehindividualshwithinhthem.
d. thehrelationshiphbetweenhscientifichandhreligioushsocialhinstitutions.
ANS:hAhDIF:hDifficulthREF:hPageh16
TOP:hFactualhOBJ:hPositivism
21.
AccordinghtohComte,hpositivismharosehouthofhahneedhtohmakeh____________hsensehofhthehsocialhorderhinhahtimehofh
declininghreligioushauthority.
a. scientific
b. moral
c. rational
d. economic
ANS:hBhDIF:hModeratehREF:hPageh16
TOP:hFactualhOBJ:hPositivism
22. Thehpersonhthathishoftenhconsideredhtohbehthehfoundinghfatherhofhpositivismhis:
a. ÉmilehDurkheim.
b. KarlhMarx.
c. GeorghSimmel.
d. GeorgehHerberthMead.
ANS:hAhDIF:hModeratehREF:hPageh23
TOP:hFactualhOBJ:hPositivism
23.
Allhofhthehfollowingharehknownhashthehthreehepistemologicalhstageshofhhumanhsociety,hashexplainedhbyhComte,hEXC
EPT:
a. thehtheologicalhstage.
b. thehmetaphysicalhstage.
c. thehscientifichstage.
d. thehpost-scientifichstage.
ANS:hDhDIF:hEasyhREF:hPagesh16–17
TOP:hFactualhOBJ:hEpistemologicalhStages
24.
WhichhofhthehthreehhistoricalhepistemologicalhstageshofhhumanhsocietyhdidhComtehexplainhwashhighlightedhbyhEnlig
htenmenththinkinghsuchhashRousseau’s,hMill’s,handhHobbes’shbeliefshinhbiologicalhcauseshforhhumanhbehavior?
a. thehtheologicalhstage
b. thehmetaphysicalhstage
c. thehscientifichstage
d. thehpost-scientifichstage
ANS:hBhDIF:hModeratehREF:hPageh17h
TOP:hFactualhOBJ:hEpistemologicalhStages
25.
WhichhofhthehthreehhistoricalhepistemologicalhstageshofhhumanhsocietyhdidhComtehclaimhwashcharacterizedhbyhthehd
evelopmenthofhsocialhphysicshtohexplainhhumanhbehavior?
a. thehtheologicalhstage
b. thehmetaphysicalhstage
c. thehscientifichstage
d. thehpost-scientifichstage
ANS:hChDIF:hModeratehREF:hPageh17h
TOP:hFactualhOBJ:hEpistemologicalhStages
26.
WhichhofhthehthreehhistoricalhepistemologicalhstageshdidhComteharguehwouldhexplainhhumanhsocietyhbyhconsultinght
hehBiblehorhotherhreligioushtexts?
a. thehtheologicalhstage
b. thehmetaphysicalhstage
c. thehscientifichstage
d. thehpost-scientifichstage
ANS:hAhDIF:hModeratehREF:hPageh16h
