Understanding Pathophysiology 7th Edition Test Bank
m m m m m
Chapterm1.mCellularmBiology
MULTIPLEmCHOICE
1. A mstudent mismobservingmamcellmundermthemmicroscope.mIt mismobserved mtomhavemsupercoiled mD
NAmwithmhistones.mWhichmof mthemfollowingmwould malsombemobserved mbymthemstudent?
a. Amsinglemcircularmchromosome
b. Amnucleus
c. Free-floatingmnuclearmmaterial
d. Nomorganelles
ANS:mB
Themcellmdescribed mismameukaryoticmcell,msomit mhasmhistonesmand mamsupercoiled mDNA mwithinmitsmnuc
leus;mthus,mthemnucleusmshould mbemobserved.
Amsinglemcircularmchromosomemismcharacteristicmof mprokaryoticmcells,mwhichmdomnot mhavemhistones.
Free-
floatingmnuclearmmaterialmdescribesmamprokaryoticmcell,mwhichmwould mnot mhavemamdistinct mnucleus.
Eukaryoticmcellsmhavemmembranembounded mcellularmcomponentsmcalled morganelles.mNomorganellesm
describesmamprokaryoticmcell.
2. A mnursemisminstructingmthemstaff mabout mcellularmfunctions.mWhichmcellularmfunctionmismthemnur
semdescribingmwhenmanmisolated mcellmabsorbsmoxygenmand musesmit mtomtransformmnutrientsmtomen
ergy?
a. Metabolicmabsorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
,ANS:mD
Themabilitymof mthemcellmtomabsorbmoxygenmrefersmtomthemcellsmfunctionmof mrespiration.
Themabilitymof mthemcellmtomfunctionmwithinmamsocietymof mcellsmrefersmtomitsmfunctionmof mcommunic
ation.
Themabilitymof mthemcellmtomtakeminmnutrientsmrefersmtomthemcellsmfunctionmof mmetabolicmabsorption.
Themabilitymof mthemcellmtomsynthesizemnew msubstancesmand msecretemthesemelsewheremrefersmtomthemce
llsmfunctionmof msecretion.
3. A meukaryoticmcellmismundergoingmDNA mreplication.mInmwhichmregionmof mthemcellmwould mmost
of mthemgeneticminformationmbemcontained?
m
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus
ANS:mC
Themregionmof mthemcellmthat mcontainsmgeneticmmaterial,mincludingmamlargemamount mof mribonucleic
acid,mmost mof mthemDNA,mand mDNA-bindingmproteins,mismthemnucleolus.
m
Themmitochondriamismthemsitemof mcellularmrespiration.
Themribosomesmareminvolved minmmanufacturingmof mproteinsmwithinmthemcell.
Themnucleusmcontainsmthemnucleolus,mand mit mismthemnucleolusmthat mcontainsmgeneticmmaterial.
4. Themfluid mmosaicmmodelmformbiologicmmembranesmdescribesmmembranembehavior.mAccordingm
tomthismmodel,mwhichmof mthemfollowingmfloat msinglymormasmaggregatesminmthemfluid mlipid mbilayer?
a. Peripheralmmembranemproteins
b. Integralmmembranemproteins
, c. Glycoproteins
d. Cellmadhesionmmolecules
ANS:mB
Integralmmembranemproteinsmfloat mfreelyminmthemfluid mlipid mbilayer.
Peripheralmmembranemproteinsmaremnot membedded minmthemlayer,mbut mresidemat mthemsurface.mGlycopr
oteinsmact masmcellmsurfacemmarkers.
Cellmadhesionmmoleculesmaremonmthemoutsidemof mthemmembranemand mallow mcellsmtomhookmtogether.
5. Whichmof mthemfollowingmcanmbind mtomplasmammembranemreceptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathicmlipids
d. Ligands
ANS:mD
Ligandsmaremspecificmmoleculesmthat mcanmbind mwithmreceptorsmonmthemcellmmembrane.mOx
ygenmmovesmbymdiffusion;mit mdoesmnot mbind mtomreceptors.
Ribosomesmmakemproteinsmand maremnot minvolved minmbindin
g.mAmphipathicmlipidsmaremamportionmof mthemcellmmembran
e.
6. A mnursemismreviewingmamreport mfrommampatient mwithmmetastaticmcancer.mWhat mfindingmwo
uld msupport mthemdiagnosismof mmetastaticmcancer?mAlterationsminmextracellularmmatrixmthat min
clude:
a. Decreased mfibronectin
b. Increased mcollagen
c. Decreased melastin
, d. Increased mglycoproteins
ANS:mA
Reduced mamountsmof mfibronectinmaremfound minmsomemtypesmof mcancerousmcells,mallowingmcancerm
cellsmtomtravel,mormmetastasize.
Collagenmprovidesmstrength,mand mitsmbreakdownmismassociated mwithmosteoarthritis,mnot mcancer.
Elastinmismfound minmthemlungsmand mallowsmtissuesmtomstretch;mit mismnot massociated mwithmcancerous
cells.
m
Decreased,mnot mincreased,mglycoproteinsmaremassociated mwithmcancerousmcells.
7. Whichmformmof mcellmcommunicationmismused mtomrelatemtomothermcellsminmdirect mphysicalmcontact?
a. Cellmjunction
b. Gapmjunction
c. Desmosomes
d. Tight mjunctions
ANS:mA
Cellmjunctionsmhold mcellsmtogethermand mpermit mmoleculesmtompassmfrommcellmtomcell.
Gapmjunctionsmallow mcommunicationmfrommtheminsidemof monemcellmtomtheminsidemof manother.mDesmo
somesmaremnot minvolved minmcommunication,mbut mallow mcellsmtomhold mtogether.
Tight mjunctionsmarembarriersmthat mprevent mmovement mof msomemsubstancesmand mleakagesmof mothers.
8. Pancreaticmbetamcellsmsecreteminsulin,mwhichminhibitsmsecretionmof mglucagonmfrommneighbori
ngmalphamcells.mThismactionmisman mexamplemof mwhichmof mthemfollowingmsignaling mtypes?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
m m m m m
Chapterm1.mCellularmBiology
MULTIPLEmCHOICE
1. A mstudent mismobservingmamcellmundermthemmicroscope.mIt mismobserved mtomhavemsupercoiled mD
NAmwithmhistones.mWhichmof mthemfollowingmwould malsombemobserved mbymthemstudent?
a. Amsinglemcircularmchromosome
b. Amnucleus
c. Free-floatingmnuclearmmaterial
d. Nomorganelles
ANS:mB
Themcellmdescribed mismameukaryoticmcell,msomit mhasmhistonesmand mamsupercoiled mDNA mwithinmitsmnuc
leus;mthus,mthemnucleusmshould mbemobserved.
Amsinglemcircularmchromosomemismcharacteristicmof mprokaryoticmcells,mwhichmdomnot mhavemhistones.
Free-
floatingmnuclearmmaterialmdescribesmamprokaryoticmcell,mwhichmwould mnot mhavemamdistinct mnucleus.
Eukaryoticmcellsmhavemmembranembounded mcellularmcomponentsmcalled morganelles.mNomorganellesm
describesmamprokaryoticmcell.
2. A mnursemisminstructingmthemstaff mabout mcellularmfunctions.mWhichmcellularmfunctionmismthemnur
semdescribingmwhenmanmisolated mcellmabsorbsmoxygenmand musesmit mtomtransformmnutrientsmtomen
ergy?
a. Metabolicmabsorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
,ANS:mD
Themabilitymof mthemcellmtomabsorbmoxygenmrefersmtomthemcellsmfunctionmof mrespiration.
Themabilitymof mthemcellmtomfunctionmwithinmamsocietymof mcellsmrefersmtomitsmfunctionmof mcommunic
ation.
Themabilitymof mthemcellmtomtakeminmnutrientsmrefersmtomthemcellsmfunctionmof mmetabolicmabsorption.
Themabilitymof mthemcellmtomsynthesizemnew msubstancesmand msecretemthesemelsewheremrefersmtomthemce
llsmfunctionmof msecretion.
3. A meukaryoticmcellmismundergoingmDNA mreplication.mInmwhichmregionmof mthemcellmwould mmost
of mthemgeneticminformationmbemcontained?
m
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus
ANS:mC
Themregionmof mthemcellmthat mcontainsmgeneticmmaterial,mincludingmamlargemamount mof mribonucleic
acid,mmost mof mthemDNA,mand mDNA-bindingmproteins,mismthemnucleolus.
m
Themmitochondriamismthemsitemof mcellularmrespiration.
Themribosomesmareminvolved minmmanufacturingmof mproteinsmwithinmthemcell.
Themnucleusmcontainsmthemnucleolus,mand mit mismthemnucleolusmthat mcontainsmgeneticmmaterial.
4. Themfluid mmosaicmmodelmformbiologicmmembranesmdescribesmmembranembehavior.mAccordingm
tomthismmodel,mwhichmof mthemfollowingmfloat msinglymormasmaggregatesminmthemfluid mlipid mbilayer?
a. Peripheralmmembranemproteins
b. Integralmmembranemproteins
, c. Glycoproteins
d. Cellmadhesionmmolecules
ANS:mB
Integralmmembranemproteinsmfloat mfreelyminmthemfluid mlipid mbilayer.
Peripheralmmembranemproteinsmaremnot membedded minmthemlayer,mbut mresidemat mthemsurface.mGlycopr
oteinsmact masmcellmsurfacemmarkers.
Cellmadhesionmmoleculesmaremonmthemoutsidemof mthemmembranemand mallow mcellsmtomhookmtogether.
5. Whichmof mthemfollowingmcanmbind mtomplasmammembranemreceptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathicmlipids
d. Ligands
ANS:mD
Ligandsmaremspecificmmoleculesmthat mcanmbind mwithmreceptorsmonmthemcellmmembrane.mOx
ygenmmovesmbymdiffusion;mit mdoesmnot mbind mtomreceptors.
Ribosomesmmakemproteinsmand maremnot minvolved minmbindin
g.mAmphipathicmlipidsmaremamportionmof mthemcellmmembran
e.
6. A mnursemismreviewingmamreport mfrommampatient mwithmmetastaticmcancer.mWhat mfindingmwo
uld msupport mthemdiagnosismof mmetastaticmcancer?mAlterationsminmextracellularmmatrixmthat min
clude:
a. Decreased mfibronectin
b. Increased mcollagen
c. Decreased melastin
, d. Increased mglycoproteins
ANS:mA
Reduced mamountsmof mfibronectinmaremfound minmsomemtypesmof mcancerousmcells,mallowingmcancerm
cellsmtomtravel,mormmetastasize.
Collagenmprovidesmstrength,mand mitsmbreakdownmismassociated mwithmosteoarthritis,mnot mcancer.
Elastinmismfound minmthemlungsmand mallowsmtissuesmtomstretch;mit mismnot massociated mwithmcancerous
cells.
m
Decreased,mnot mincreased,mglycoproteinsmaremassociated mwithmcancerousmcells.
7. Whichmformmof mcellmcommunicationmismused mtomrelatemtomothermcellsminmdirect mphysicalmcontact?
a. Cellmjunction
b. Gapmjunction
c. Desmosomes
d. Tight mjunctions
ANS:mA
Cellmjunctionsmhold mcellsmtogethermand mpermit mmoleculesmtompassmfrommcellmtomcell.
Gapmjunctionsmallow mcommunicationmfrommtheminsidemof monemcellmtomtheminsidemof manother.mDesmo
somesmaremnot minvolved minmcommunication,mbut mallow mcellsmtomhold mtogether.
Tight mjunctionsmarembarriersmthat mprevent mmovement mof msomemsubstancesmand mleakagesmof mothers.
8. Pancreaticmbetamcellsmsecreteminsulin,mwhichminhibitsmsecretionmof mglucagonmfrommneighbori
ngmalphamcells.mThismactionmisman mexamplemof mwhichmof mthemfollowingmsignaling mtypes?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
