NU 578 Unit 4 • Chapter 48 – Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus

Unit 4
• Chapter 48 – Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus
o Characteristics of T1 & T2 DM – p.398 – T48.1
o Criteria for the Diagnosis of DM – p.398 – T48.2
o General Glycemic Treatment Targets for Nonpregnant Adults With DM – p.400 –
48.3
o Hemoglobin A1c Levels and Their Corresponding eAG Levels – p.400 – T48.4
o Drugs for DM
§ Insulin Preparations: insulin lispro, regular insulin, neutral protamine
Hagedorn insulin, insulin glargine, insulin deguldec
§ Biguanides: metformin
§ Sulfonylureas: glyburide
§ Meglitinides (Glinides) – repaglinide
§ Thiazolidinediones (Glitazones) – pioglitazone
§ Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors – acarbose
§ Gliptins (Dupeptidyl Peptidase – 4 Inhibitors) – sitagliptin
§ Sodium – Glucose Contransporter 2 Inhibitors – Canagliflozin
§ Glucagon – like Peptide – 1 Receptor Antagonist – Exenatide
o Metabolic Actions of Insulin – p.402 – T48.5
o Types of Insulin: Time Course of Action After Subq Injection – p.403 – T48.6
§ Short Duration: Rapid Acting – insulin lispro, insulin aspart, insulin
glulisine
§ Short Duration: Short Acting – Regular Insulin
§ Intermediate Duration – Neutral protamine, Hagedorn insulin
§ Long Duration – insulin glargine, insulin determir
§ Ultralong Duration – insulin glargine, insulin degludec
o Properties of Insulin Types – p.404 – T48.7
§ Short Duration: Rapid Acting – Insulin lispro, insulin aspart, insulin
glulisine
§ Short Duration: Short Acting – regular insulin
§ Intermediate Duration – NPH insulin
§ Long Duration: U-100 insulin glargine
§ Ultralong Duration: U-300 insulin glargine
o Premixed Insulin Combination – p.405 – T48.8
o Pt Education: Mixing Insulin p.404
o Pt Education: Hypoglycemia – p.406
o Prescribing Considerations: Insulin – p.406
o Drugs for T2 Diabetes – p.407 – T48.9
§ Biguanide - Metformin
§ Second-Generation Sulfonylureas – Glimepiride, glipizide, glyburide
§ Meglitinides – nateglinide, repaglinide
§ Thiazolidinediones – pioglitazone, rosiglitazone
§ Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors – acarbose, miglitol

, § Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DDP-4) Inhibitors – alogliptin, linagliptin,
saxagliptin, sitagliptin
§ Sodium-Glucose Contrasporter 2 (SGLT-2) Inhibitors – Canagliflozin,
Dapagliflozin
§ Dopamine Agonist – bromocriptine
§ Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonists (Incretin Mimetics) –
exenatide, exenatide extended release, liraglutide, dulaglutide,
lixisenatide
§ Amylin Mimetics – pramlintide
o BBW: Metformin – p.409
o Prescribing Considerations – Sulfonylureas – p.409
o Sulfonylureas: Time Course and Dosage – p.410 – T48.11
§ First-Generation Agents: Tolbutamide, tolazamide, chlorpropamide
§ Second-Generation Agents: immediate release (glucotrol), sustained
release (glucotrol XL)
§ Glyburide: nonmicronized, micronized, glimepiride
o Metlitinides – p.410 – T48.12
§ Repaglinide, nateglinide
o Thiazolidinediones – p.411 – T 48.13
o Prescribing Considerations: Meglitinides – p.411
o BBW: pioglitazone
o Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors – p.412 – T48.14
§ Acarbose, miglitol
o Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors – p.412 – T48.15
§ Sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin
o Prescribing Considerations – Thiazolidinediones – p.412
o Prescribing Considerations – Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors – p.413
o Prescribing Considerations – Sodium-Glucose Contrasporter 2 Inhibitors – p.413
o Sodium-Glucose Contrasporter 2 Inhibitors – p.413 – T48.16
§ Canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin
o Combination Oral Agents for the Treatment of T2 DM – p.414 – T48.17
o Injectable Combination Drug Therapies – p.414 – T48.18
o Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists – p.414 – T48.19
§ Exenatide, liraglutide, dulaglutide
o Prescribing Considerations – Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonists –
p.415
o BBW: Pramlintide – p.415
• Chapter 49 – Drugs for Thyroid Disorders
o Serum Values for Thyroid Function Tests – p.417 – T49.1
o Thyroid Hormone Preparations – p.419 – T49.2
o Prototype Drugs: Thyroid Disorders – p.420
§ Hypothyroidism: levothyroxine
§ Hyperthyroidism: methimazole
o Prescribing Considerations: Levothyroxine – p.421