KAREN G. DUDERSTADT 97803234765808 P
m m m mm
EDIATRIC PHYSICAL EXAMINATION TEST BA
m m m mm
NK ILLUSTRATED HANDBOOK 3RD EDITION 20
m m m
m
m
24 UPDATE m
Pediatric Physical Examination 3rd Edition Duderstadt TESTBANK
m m m m m m
Chapterm1:mApproachmtomCaremand mAssessment mof mChildrenmand mAdolescents
MULTIPLEmCHOICE
1. A mnursemismreviewingmdevelopmentalmconceptsmforminfantsmand mchildren.mWhichmstatement mb
est mdescribesmdevelopment minminfantsmand mchildren?
a. Development,mampredictablemand morderlymprocess,moccursmat mvaryingmratesmwithinmnormalmlimits.
b. Development mismprimarilymrelated mtomthemgrowthminmthemnumbermand msizemof mcells.
, c. Development moccursminmamproximodistalmdirectionmwithmfinemmusclemdevelopment moccurri
ngmfirst.
d. Development mismmoremeasilymand maccuratelymmeasured mthanmgrowth.
ANS:mA
Development,mamcontinuousmorderlymprocess,mprovidesmthembasismformincreasesminmthemchildsmfunctio
nmand mcomplexitymof mbehavior.mThemincreasesminmratemof mfunctionmand mcomplexitymcanmvarymnorma
llymwithinmlimitsmformeachmchild.mAnmincreaseminmthemnumbermand msizemof mcellsmismamdefinitionmformgr
owth.mDevelopment mproceedsminmamproximodistalmdirectionmwithmfinemmusclemorganizationmoccurri
ngmasmamresult mof mlargemmusclemorganization.mDevelopment mism ammoremcomplexmprocessmthat mism affe
cted mbymmanymfactors;mtherefore,mit mismlessmeasilymand maccuratelymmeasured.mGrowthmismampredictab
lemprocessmwithmstandard mmeasurement mmethods.
2. Frequent mdevelopmentalmassessmentsmaremimportant mformwhichmreason?
a. Stablemdevelopmentalmperiodsmduringminfancymprovidemanmopportunitymtomidentifymanymdelaysm
ormdeficits.
b. Infantsmneed mstimulationmspecificmtomthemstagemof mdevelopment.
c. Criticalmperiodsmof mdevelopment moccurmduringmchildhood.
d. Child mdevelopment mismunpredictablemand mneedsmmonitoring.
ANS:mC
Criticalmperiodsmaremblocksmof mtimemduringmwhichmchildrenmaremreadymtommastermspecificmdevelopm
entalmtasks.mChildrenmcanmmastermthesemtasksmmoremeasilymduringmparticularmperiodsmof mtimeminmthei
rmgrowthmand mdevelopmentalmprocess.mInfancymismamdynamicmtimemof mdevelopment mthat mrequiresmfr
equent mevaluationsmtomassessmappropriatemdevelopmentalmprogress.mInfantsminmamnurturingmenviron
ment mwillmdevelopmappropriatelymand mwillmnot mnecessarilymneed mstimulationmspecificmtomtheirmdevel
opmentalmstage.mNormalmgrowthmand mdevelopment maremorderlymand mproceed minmampredictablempatte
rnmonmthembasismof meachmindividualsmabilitiesmand mpotentials.
3. Whichmfactormhasmthemgreatest minfluencemonmchild mgrowthmand mdevelopment?
a. Culture
b. Environment
c. Genetics
, d. Nutrition
ANS:mC
Geneticmfactorsm(heredity)mdeterminemeachmindividualsmgrowthmand mdevelopmentalmrate.mAlthoughm
factorsmsuchmasmenvironment,mculture,mnutrition,mand mfamilymcanminfluencemgeneticmtraits,mtheymdomn
ot meliminatemthemeffect mof mthemgeneticmendowment,mwhichmismpermanent.mCulturemismamsignificant mf
actormthat minfluencesmhowmchildrenmgrow mtoward madulthood.mCultureminfluencesmbothmgrowthmand m
development mbut mdoesmnot meliminateminbornmgeneticminfluences.mEnvironment mhasmamsignificant mrol
eminmdeterminingmgrowthmand mdevelopment mbothmbeforemand maftermbirth.mThemenvironment mcanminfl
uencemhow mand mtomwhichmextent mgeneticmtraitsmaremmanifested,mbut menvironmentalmfactorsmcannot me
liminatemthemeffect mof mgenetics.mNutritionmismcriticalmformgrowthmand mplaysmamsignificant mrolemthrou
ghout mchildhood.
4. A mnursemismplanning mamteachingm sessionmwithmamchild.mAccordingmtomPiagetianmtheory,mthemperi
od mof mcognitivemdevelopment minmwhichmthemchild mismablemtomdistinguishmfact mfrommfantasymismthem
period mof mcognitivemdevelopment.
a. sensorimotor
, b. formalmoperations
c. concretemoperations
d. preoperational
ANS:mC
Concretemoperationsmismthemperiod mof mcognitivemdevelopment minmwhichmchildrensmthinkingmismshift
ed mfrommegocentricmtombeingmablemtomseemanothersmpoint mof mview.mTheymdevelopmthemabilitymtomdist
inguishmfact mfrommfantasy.mThemsensorimotormstagemoccursminminfancymand mismamperiod mof mreflexiv
embehavior.mDuringmthismperiod,mtheminfantsmworld mbecomesmmorempermanent mand morganized.mThem
stagemendsmwithmtheminfant mdemonstratingmsomemevidencemof mreasoning.mFormalmoperationsmismamp
eriod minmdevelopment minmwhichmnew mideasmaremcreated mthroughmpreviousmthoughts.mAnalyticmreaso
nmand mabstract mthought memergeminmthismperiod.mThempreoperationalmstagemismamperiod mof megocentris
mminmwhichmthemchildsmjudgmentsmaremillogicalmand mdominated mbymmagicalmthinking mand manimism
.
5. Themtheorist mwhomviewed mdevelopmentalmprogressionmasmamlifelongmseriesmof mconflictsmthat mne
ed mresolutionmis:
a. Erikson.
b. Freud.
c. Kohlberg.
d. Piaget.
ANS:mA
ErikmEriksonmviewed mdevelopment masmamseriesmof mconflictsmaffected mbymsocialmand mculturalmfactors.
m Eachmconflict mmust mbemresolved mformthemchild mtomprogressmemotionally,mwithmunsuccessfulmresoluti
onmleavingmthemchild memotionallymdisabled.mSigmund mFreud mproposed mampsychosexualmtheorymof md
evelopment minmwhichmcertainmpartsmof mthembodymassumempsychologicalmsignificancemasmfocimof msex
ualmenergy.mThemfocimshift masmthemindividualmmovesmthroughmthemdifferent mstagesm(oral,manal,mphalli
c,mlatency,mand mgenital)mof mdevelopment.mLawrencemKohlbergmdescribed mmoralmdevelopment
m m m mm
EDIATRIC PHYSICAL EXAMINATION TEST BA
m m m mm
NK ILLUSTRATED HANDBOOK 3RD EDITION 20
m m m
m
m
24 UPDATE m
Pediatric Physical Examination 3rd Edition Duderstadt TESTBANK
m m m m m m
Chapterm1:mApproachmtomCaremand mAssessment mof mChildrenmand mAdolescents
MULTIPLEmCHOICE
1. A mnursemismreviewingmdevelopmentalmconceptsmforminfantsmand mchildren.mWhichmstatement mb
est mdescribesmdevelopment minminfantsmand mchildren?
a. Development,mampredictablemand morderlymprocess,moccursmat mvaryingmratesmwithinmnormalmlimits.
b. Development mismprimarilymrelated mtomthemgrowthminmthemnumbermand msizemof mcells.
, c. Development moccursminmamproximodistalmdirectionmwithmfinemmusclemdevelopment moccurri
ngmfirst.
d. Development mismmoremeasilymand maccuratelymmeasured mthanmgrowth.
ANS:mA
Development,mamcontinuousmorderlymprocess,mprovidesmthembasismformincreasesminmthemchildsmfunctio
nmand mcomplexitymof mbehavior.mThemincreasesminmratemof mfunctionmand mcomplexitymcanmvarymnorma
llymwithinmlimitsmformeachmchild.mAnmincreaseminmthemnumbermand msizemof mcellsmismamdefinitionmformgr
owth.mDevelopment mproceedsminmamproximodistalmdirectionmwithmfinemmusclemorganizationmoccurri
ngmasmamresult mof mlargemmusclemorganization.mDevelopment mism ammoremcomplexmprocessmthat mism affe
cted mbymmanymfactors;mtherefore,mit mismlessmeasilymand maccuratelymmeasured.mGrowthmismampredictab
lemprocessmwithmstandard mmeasurement mmethods.
2. Frequent mdevelopmentalmassessmentsmaremimportant mformwhichmreason?
a. Stablemdevelopmentalmperiodsmduringminfancymprovidemanmopportunitymtomidentifymanymdelaysm
ormdeficits.
b. Infantsmneed mstimulationmspecificmtomthemstagemof mdevelopment.
c. Criticalmperiodsmof mdevelopment moccurmduringmchildhood.
d. Child mdevelopment mismunpredictablemand mneedsmmonitoring.
ANS:mC
Criticalmperiodsmaremblocksmof mtimemduringmwhichmchildrenmaremreadymtommastermspecificmdevelopm
entalmtasks.mChildrenmcanmmastermthesemtasksmmoremeasilymduringmparticularmperiodsmof mtimeminmthei
rmgrowthmand mdevelopmentalmprocess.mInfancymismamdynamicmtimemof mdevelopment mthat mrequiresmfr
equent mevaluationsmtomassessmappropriatemdevelopmentalmprogress.mInfantsminmamnurturingmenviron
ment mwillmdevelopmappropriatelymand mwillmnot mnecessarilymneed mstimulationmspecificmtomtheirmdevel
opmentalmstage.mNormalmgrowthmand mdevelopment maremorderlymand mproceed minmampredictablempatte
rnmonmthembasismof meachmindividualsmabilitiesmand mpotentials.
3. Whichmfactormhasmthemgreatest minfluencemonmchild mgrowthmand mdevelopment?
a. Culture
b. Environment
c. Genetics
, d. Nutrition
ANS:mC
Geneticmfactorsm(heredity)mdeterminemeachmindividualsmgrowthmand mdevelopmentalmrate.mAlthoughm
factorsmsuchmasmenvironment,mculture,mnutrition,mand mfamilymcanminfluencemgeneticmtraits,mtheymdomn
ot meliminatemthemeffect mof mthemgeneticmendowment,mwhichmismpermanent.mCulturemismamsignificant mf
actormthat minfluencesmhowmchildrenmgrow mtoward madulthood.mCultureminfluencesmbothmgrowthmand m
development mbut mdoesmnot meliminateminbornmgeneticminfluences.mEnvironment mhasmamsignificant mrol
eminmdeterminingmgrowthmand mdevelopment mbothmbeforemand maftermbirth.mThemenvironment mcanminfl
uencemhow mand mtomwhichmextent mgeneticmtraitsmaremmanifested,mbut menvironmentalmfactorsmcannot me
liminatemthemeffect mof mgenetics.mNutritionmismcriticalmformgrowthmand mplaysmamsignificant mrolemthrou
ghout mchildhood.
4. A mnursemismplanning mamteachingm sessionmwithmamchild.mAccordingmtomPiagetianmtheory,mthemperi
od mof mcognitivemdevelopment minmwhichmthemchild mismablemtomdistinguishmfact mfrommfantasymismthem
period mof mcognitivemdevelopment.
a. sensorimotor
, b. formalmoperations
c. concretemoperations
d. preoperational
ANS:mC
Concretemoperationsmismthemperiod mof mcognitivemdevelopment minmwhichmchildrensmthinkingmismshift
ed mfrommegocentricmtombeingmablemtomseemanothersmpoint mof mview.mTheymdevelopmthemabilitymtomdist
inguishmfact mfrommfantasy.mThemsensorimotormstagemoccursminminfancymand mismamperiod mof mreflexiv
embehavior.mDuringmthismperiod,mtheminfantsmworld mbecomesmmorempermanent mand morganized.mThem
stagemendsmwithmtheminfant mdemonstratingmsomemevidencemof mreasoning.mFormalmoperationsmismamp
eriod minmdevelopment minmwhichmnew mideasmaremcreated mthroughmpreviousmthoughts.mAnalyticmreaso
nmand mabstract mthought memergeminmthismperiod.mThempreoperationalmstagemismamperiod mof megocentris
mminmwhichmthemchildsmjudgmentsmaremillogicalmand mdominated mbymmagicalmthinking mand manimism
.
5. Themtheorist mwhomviewed mdevelopmentalmprogressionmasmamlifelongmseriesmof mconflictsmthat mne
ed mresolutionmis:
a. Erikson.
b. Freud.
c. Kohlberg.
d. Piaget.
ANS:mA
ErikmEriksonmviewed mdevelopment masmamseriesmof mconflictsmaffected mbymsocialmand mculturalmfactors.
m Eachmconflict mmust mbemresolved mformthemchild mtomprogressmemotionally,mwithmunsuccessfulmresoluti
onmleavingmthemchild memotionallymdisabled.mSigmund mFreud mproposed mampsychosexualmtheorymof md
evelopment minmwhichmcertainmpartsmof mthembodymassumempsychologicalmsignificancemasmfocimof msex
ualmenergy.mThemfocimshift masmthemindividualmmovesmthroughmthemdifferent mstagesm(oral,manal,mphalli
c,mlatency,mand mgenital)mof mdevelopment.mLawrencemKohlbergmdescribed mmoralmdevelopment
