PSYC 375 HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY REVISION EXAM 2025/2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Philo believed all of the following except: - ✔✔courage in the face of adversity was
the highest virtue
✔✔During the period before the Renaissance, which of the following was not true? -
✔✔scientific inquiry and reason were encouraged
✔✔Confessions, a volume about one man's sins, confessions, and forgiveness was
written by: - ✔✔St. Augustine
✔✔____ sought to reconcile Judaism and Aristotelian philosophy. - ✔✔Maimonides
✔✔The belief that abstract universals (essences) exist and that empirical events are
only manifestations of those universals is called: - ✔✔Realism
✔✔The mystery religions that were influential in the early Roman Empire were
characterized by all of the following except - ✔✔a belief in multiple Gods
✔✔Descartes had an intellectual crisis when: - ✔✔it occurred to him that everything he
had ever learned was useless
✔✔Who were among the first to accept Copernicus's heliocentric theory? -
✔✔mathematicians who embraced Pythagorean-Platonic philosophy
✔✔Petrarch believed all of the following except: - ✔✔Scholasticism contained most of
the solutions to human problems
✔✔According to Bacon, scientific theory: - ✔✔biased observations
✔✔Giovanni Pico argued that: - ✔✔God had granted humans a unique position in the
universe.
✔✔Newton believed all of the following about the universe except that: - ✔✔it was too
complex to be understood by anyone but God
✔✔Which of the following was not a factor in the acceptance of objective study of
nature due to the weakening of church authority? - ✔✔the embracing of Aristotle's
empirical views
✔✔Galileo made a sharp distinction between objective and subjective reality. These
concepts refer respectively to which? - ✔✔primary; secondary qualities
,✔✔All of the following were reasons that Kepler accepted Copernicus's heliocentric
theory except: - ✔✔Kepler believed that Copernicus' theory gave humans a favored
place in the universe
✔✔Among the Renaissance humanists, Skepticism was most clearly demonstrated by:
- ✔✔Montaigne
✔✔Hartley believed that vibrations in the brain continued after the external stimulation
that caused them had ceased. He called these lingering vibrations: - ✔✔vibratiuncles
✔✔CHAPTERS 5+ 6
La Mettrie believed that: - ✔✔accepting atheism and materialism would lead to a more
humane world
✔✔Comte used the term sociology to describe: - ✔✔the study of how different societies
compared in terms of his proposed three stages of development
✔✔According to ____, the best government was one that provided the greatest amount
of happiness to the greatest number of people. - ✔✔utilitarianism
✔✔According to Locke, a secondary quality was: - ✔✔an aspect of the physical world
that could only stimulate psychological experiences
✔✔Bain's goal was to - ✔✔describe the physiological correlates of mental and
behavioral phenomena
✔✔Locke's major argument against the existence of innate ideas was that: -
✔✔humans do not share the same ideas
✔✔According to Hartley, as ideas or stimuli came to elicit behaviors not originally
associated with them, ____ behavior was converted into ____ behavior. -
✔✔involuntary; voluntary
✔✔According to Helvétius, control ____ and you control the contents of the mind -
✔✔experience
✔✔Bain's law of ____ stated that although individual experiences may be too weak to
revive a memory, several weak associations may combine and thereby be strong
enough to recall it. - ✔✔compound association
✔✔With which of the following statements would Bentham have agreed? -
✔✔Happiness depends on experiencing pleasure and avoiding pain.
,✔✔Hume referred to knowledge that existed by definition, such as mathematical
knowledge, as: - ✔✔demonstrative knowledge
✔✔Which statement best illustrates Gassendi's beliefs? - ✔✔Humans consists of
nothing but matter.
✔✔According to Hume, the mind is: - ✔✔a set of perceptions that a person is having at
any given moment
✔✔James Mill maintained that any mental experience can be reduced to: - ✔✔Simple
ideas
✔✔Because Comte believed that science should be practical and nonspeculative, his
view of science was very similar to that of - ✔✔Bacon
✔✔Hobbes' theory of human motivation was: - ✔✔Hedonistic
✔✔What was true of the British empiricists? - ✔✔They attempted to explain the
functioning of the mind according to Newton's principles.
✔✔Locke advised that children experience a process called hardening in order to: -
✔✔Prepare themselves for the hardships of life.
✔✔For Hobbes, choice was: - ✔✔Nothing more than a verbal label.
✔✔Hobbes' explanation of "trains of thought" relied on: - ✔✔the law of contiguity
✔✔According to John Stuart Mill, meteorology, tidology, and psychology are inexact
sciences because their ____ are not understood. - ✔✔Secondary Laws
✔✔According to Berkeley, external reality exists because: - ✔✔God perceived it
✔✔Bain felt that the law of ____ accounted for the creativity that characterizes poets,
artists and inventors. - ✔✔constructive association
✔✔Condillac felt that Locke: - ✔✔gave the mind unnecessary innate powers
✔✔According to John Locke primary qualities ____ and secondary qualities ____. -
✔✔create ideas of physical attributes; create ideas with no physical counterpart
✔✔John Stuart Mill's concept of ____ emancipated associationistic psychology from the
strict mental mechanics proposed by James Mill and others - ✔✔Mental Chemistry
, ✔✔For Locke, all ideas come from: - ✔✔sensation and reflection
✔✔If what is meant by psychology is the introspective analysis of the mind, then
according to Comte, psychology constitutes: - ✔✔metaphysical nonsense
✔✔For Hartley, the only process that converts simple ideas into complex ideas is: -
✔✔association
✔✔Hume's goal was to combine ____ with principles of ____ to create a science of
human nature. - ✔✔empirical philosophy; Newtonian science
✔✔Hume distinguished between ____, which were strong, vivid perceptions, and ____,
which were relatively weak perceptions. - ✔✔impressions; ideas
✔✔Which law and scenario pairing best illustrates one of Hume's laws of associations?
- ✔✔Law of cause and effect: Gertrude sees lighting and consequently expects thunder
✔✔What is the belief that the world is as we immediately experience it? - ✔✔direct
realism
✔✔According to Kant, our phenomenological experience results from: - ✔✔the
interaction between sensations and the categories of thought
✔✔For Spinoza, free will: - ✔✔Is Fiction
✔✔According to Leibniz's law of continuity: - ✔✔there are no leaps or gaps in nature
✔✔Spinoza's concept of ____ might be called unconscious determinants of behavior in
Freud's psychoanalysis. - ✔✔passion
✔✔Which analogy best illustrates the concept of double aspectism? - ✔✔The mind and
the body are like two sides of a coin
✔✔According to Kant, the experiences of space and time: - ✔✔provide the context for
all mental phenomena and are produced by innate categories of thought
✔✔Reid viewed faculties of the mind as: - ✔✔aspects of a unified mind
✔✔According to Herbart, if material presented to a student is not compatible with his or
her apperceptive mass, the material will: - ✔✔be rejected or at least will not be
understood
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Philo believed all of the following except: - ✔✔courage in the face of adversity was
the highest virtue
✔✔During the period before the Renaissance, which of the following was not true? -
✔✔scientific inquiry and reason were encouraged
✔✔Confessions, a volume about one man's sins, confessions, and forgiveness was
written by: - ✔✔St. Augustine
✔✔____ sought to reconcile Judaism and Aristotelian philosophy. - ✔✔Maimonides
✔✔The belief that abstract universals (essences) exist and that empirical events are
only manifestations of those universals is called: - ✔✔Realism
✔✔The mystery religions that were influential in the early Roman Empire were
characterized by all of the following except - ✔✔a belief in multiple Gods
✔✔Descartes had an intellectual crisis when: - ✔✔it occurred to him that everything he
had ever learned was useless
✔✔Who were among the first to accept Copernicus's heliocentric theory? -
✔✔mathematicians who embraced Pythagorean-Platonic philosophy
✔✔Petrarch believed all of the following except: - ✔✔Scholasticism contained most of
the solutions to human problems
✔✔According to Bacon, scientific theory: - ✔✔biased observations
✔✔Giovanni Pico argued that: - ✔✔God had granted humans a unique position in the
universe.
✔✔Newton believed all of the following about the universe except that: - ✔✔it was too
complex to be understood by anyone but God
✔✔Which of the following was not a factor in the acceptance of objective study of
nature due to the weakening of church authority? - ✔✔the embracing of Aristotle's
empirical views
✔✔Galileo made a sharp distinction between objective and subjective reality. These
concepts refer respectively to which? - ✔✔primary; secondary qualities
,✔✔All of the following were reasons that Kepler accepted Copernicus's heliocentric
theory except: - ✔✔Kepler believed that Copernicus' theory gave humans a favored
place in the universe
✔✔Among the Renaissance humanists, Skepticism was most clearly demonstrated by:
- ✔✔Montaigne
✔✔Hartley believed that vibrations in the brain continued after the external stimulation
that caused them had ceased. He called these lingering vibrations: - ✔✔vibratiuncles
✔✔CHAPTERS 5+ 6
La Mettrie believed that: - ✔✔accepting atheism and materialism would lead to a more
humane world
✔✔Comte used the term sociology to describe: - ✔✔the study of how different societies
compared in terms of his proposed three stages of development
✔✔According to ____, the best government was one that provided the greatest amount
of happiness to the greatest number of people. - ✔✔utilitarianism
✔✔According to Locke, a secondary quality was: - ✔✔an aspect of the physical world
that could only stimulate psychological experiences
✔✔Bain's goal was to - ✔✔describe the physiological correlates of mental and
behavioral phenomena
✔✔Locke's major argument against the existence of innate ideas was that: -
✔✔humans do not share the same ideas
✔✔According to Hartley, as ideas or stimuli came to elicit behaviors not originally
associated with them, ____ behavior was converted into ____ behavior. -
✔✔involuntary; voluntary
✔✔According to Helvétius, control ____ and you control the contents of the mind -
✔✔experience
✔✔Bain's law of ____ stated that although individual experiences may be too weak to
revive a memory, several weak associations may combine and thereby be strong
enough to recall it. - ✔✔compound association
✔✔With which of the following statements would Bentham have agreed? -
✔✔Happiness depends on experiencing pleasure and avoiding pain.
,✔✔Hume referred to knowledge that existed by definition, such as mathematical
knowledge, as: - ✔✔demonstrative knowledge
✔✔Which statement best illustrates Gassendi's beliefs? - ✔✔Humans consists of
nothing but matter.
✔✔According to Hume, the mind is: - ✔✔a set of perceptions that a person is having at
any given moment
✔✔James Mill maintained that any mental experience can be reduced to: - ✔✔Simple
ideas
✔✔Because Comte believed that science should be practical and nonspeculative, his
view of science was very similar to that of - ✔✔Bacon
✔✔Hobbes' theory of human motivation was: - ✔✔Hedonistic
✔✔What was true of the British empiricists? - ✔✔They attempted to explain the
functioning of the mind according to Newton's principles.
✔✔Locke advised that children experience a process called hardening in order to: -
✔✔Prepare themselves for the hardships of life.
✔✔For Hobbes, choice was: - ✔✔Nothing more than a verbal label.
✔✔Hobbes' explanation of "trains of thought" relied on: - ✔✔the law of contiguity
✔✔According to John Stuart Mill, meteorology, tidology, and psychology are inexact
sciences because their ____ are not understood. - ✔✔Secondary Laws
✔✔According to Berkeley, external reality exists because: - ✔✔God perceived it
✔✔Bain felt that the law of ____ accounted for the creativity that characterizes poets,
artists and inventors. - ✔✔constructive association
✔✔Condillac felt that Locke: - ✔✔gave the mind unnecessary innate powers
✔✔According to John Locke primary qualities ____ and secondary qualities ____. -
✔✔create ideas of physical attributes; create ideas with no physical counterpart
✔✔John Stuart Mill's concept of ____ emancipated associationistic psychology from the
strict mental mechanics proposed by James Mill and others - ✔✔Mental Chemistry
, ✔✔For Locke, all ideas come from: - ✔✔sensation and reflection
✔✔If what is meant by psychology is the introspective analysis of the mind, then
according to Comte, psychology constitutes: - ✔✔metaphysical nonsense
✔✔For Hartley, the only process that converts simple ideas into complex ideas is: -
✔✔association
✔✔Hume's goal was to combine ____ with principles of ____ to create a science of
human nature. - ✔✔empirical philosophy; Newtonian science
✔✔Hume distinguished between ____, which were strong, vivid perceptions, and ____,
which were relatively weak perceptions. - ✔✔impressions; ideas
✔✔Which law and scenario pairing best illustrates one of Hume's laws of associations?
- ✔✔Law of cause and effect: Gertrude sees lighting and consequently expects thunder
✔✔What is the belief that the world is as we immediately experience it? - ✔✔direct
realism
✔✔According to Kant, our phenomenological experience results from: - ✔✔the
interaction between sensations and the categories of thought
✔✔For Spinoza, free will: - ✔✔Is Fiction
✔✔According to Leibniz's law of continuity: - ✔✔there are no leaps or gaps in nature
✔✔Spinoza's concept of ____ might be called unconscious determinants of behavior in
Freud's psychoanalysis. - ✔✔passion
✔✔Which analogy best illustrates the concept of double aspectism? - ✔✔The mind and
the body are like two sides of a coin
✔✔According to Kant, the experiences of space and time: - ✔✔provide the context for
all mental phenomena and are produced by innate categories of thought
✔✔Reid viewed faculties of the mind as: - ✔✔aspects of a unified mind
✔✔According to Herbart, if material presented to a student is not compatible with his or
her apperceptive mass, the material will: - ✔✔be rejected or at least will not be
understood
