NSG533 NSG 533 Test 1 Week 1-3 (Latest Updated) Advanced Pharmacology Complete Review Questions and Verified Answers 100% Correct Grade A+ - Wilkes..pdf

NSG533 / NSG 533 Test 1 Week 1-3 Advanced Pharmacology
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Complete Review Questions and Verified Answers m m m m m




100% Correct | Grade A+ m m m m m




1. Hypertension classification is based on the: average of two or more properly
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m measured, seated BP recordings on each of two or more office visits. This point is
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emphasized in the 2017 guidelines. m m m m




2. 2017 ACC/AHA criteria for hypertension.2: Normal blood pressure: SBP <120
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m mm Hg AND DBP < 80 mm Hg
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Elevated blood pressure: SBP 120 -
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m 129 mm Hg AND DBP <80 mm Hg Stage 1 HTN: SBP 130 -
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m 139 mm Hg OR DBP 80 - 89 mm Hg
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Stage 2 HTN: SBP > 140 mm Hg OR DBP >90 mm Hg
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3. Non pharm tx for HTN: Lifestyle modification, including diet (both low sodium a
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nd DASH diet—high in fruits, vegetables, and low-
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fat dairy products and reduced saturated and total fat), exercise, weight loss, and
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moderation of alcohol consump- m m m




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,m tion (men: limit to less than or equal to two drinks per day; women and lighter-
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weight persons: limit to less than or equal to one drink per day)
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4. guidelines for elevated BP or stage 1 + ascvd risk <10%: tx with non pharma-
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m cologic therapy (lifestyle modifications) is recommended with a repeat BP evaluation
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m in 3 to 6 months.
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5. guidelines for stage 1 htn + ascvd risk >10%: tx is a combination of lifestyle
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modifications and 1-drug treatment is recommended with follow-
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up blood pressure evaluation in a month.
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6. guidelines for stage 2 htn: •in addition to lifestyle modifications, the recommend-
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m ed treatment is to use 2 drugs from different classes with a recheck of blood pressure
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m in a month.
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7. guidelines for adults with high average BP (>180/110): eval followed by prompt
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m antihypertensive drug tx m m




8. What test(s) should you order in initial HTN workup?: comprehensive H/P, b
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lood glucose, CBC, lipid profile, BUN, serum creatinine with estimated GFR, serum s
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odium, potassium, and calcium, a TSH, UA, and an ECG. Optional tests include an e
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chocardiogram, uric acid, and urinary albumin to creatinine ratio.
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9. The American Diabetes Association (2020) recommends screening for di-
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m abetes in: adults of any age who are overweight or obese (BMI greater than 25 k
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,g/m2) and have another risk factor (such as hypertension).4 For those without add
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tional risk factors, the BMI greater than 25 kg/m2 should only prompt screening for
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diabetes at age 45 years old or older
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10. According to the 2017 guidelines, for adults with confirmed hypertension
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m and known CVD or 10-
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m year ASCD event risk greater than or equal to 10%, a target of: <130/80 mm
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Hg is recommended. For those without additional markers of increased CVD risk,
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a BP target < 130/80 mm Hg may be reasonable.
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11. the recommended initial antihypertensive agents should include: thi-
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m azide-type diuretic, calcium channel blocker (CCB), angiotensin-
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converting enzyme m




(ACE) inhibitor, or an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB). ACE inhibitors and ARBs
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should not be used in combination. Remember, if there is a chance that the patient
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could become pregnant, ACE inhibitors and ARBs are pregnancy category X.
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12. tx for HTN + CHF: Thiazides, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, aldosterone
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m antagonist

13. Tx for HTN + Post MI: Beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, aldosterone antagonist
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14. tx for HTN + high CVD risk: Thiazides, beta blockers, ACE inhibitor, CCB
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15. tx for HTN +DM: Thiazides, beta blockers, ACE inhibitor, ARB, CCB
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, 16. tx for HTN + CKD: ACE inhibitor, ARB
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17. tx for HTN + Recurrent stroke prevention: Thiazides, ACE inhibitor
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18. tx for HTN +BPH: Alpha blocker (generally not recommended for
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HTN, but in patients with this condition, alpha blockers may be useful)
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19. RF associated with dx of secondary HTN: Drug-resistant/induced hyperten-
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m sion, Abrupt onset of hypertension, Onset of hypertension at age younger than 30
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m years old, Exacerbation of previously controlled hypertension, Accelerated/malig-
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m nant hypertension, Onset of diastolic hypertension in older adults (age older than
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65 years old), Unprovoked or excessive hypokalemia
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20. how common is secondary HTN: secondary hypertension accounts for 5% to
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m 10% of hypertension in adults; secondary hypertension is much more common in t
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he (approximate) 10% of children who have hypertension.
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21. 10 causes of Secondary HTN: Apnea (OSA)
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m Aldosteronism (Primary hyperaldosteronism) m m




Bruits (Renovascular disease such as renal artery stenosis or fibromuscular dyspla-
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m sia)

Bad parenchymal disease (Chronic kidney disease)
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Catecholamines (Pheochromocytoma, other catecholamine release situations, de
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