Understanding Nutrition Chapter 15 & 16|
Questions with 100% Correct Answers
sperm - ✔️✔️the male reproductive cell, capable of fertilizing an ovum.
spina bifida (SPY-nah BIFF-ih-dah) - ✔️✔️one of the most common types of neural tube defects;
characterized by the incomplete closure of the spinal cord and its bony encasement.
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) - ✔️✔️the unexpected and unexplained death of an
apparently well infant; the most common cause of death of infants between the second week and
the end of the first year of life; also called crib death.
umbilical cord (um-BILL-ih-cul) - ✔️✔️the ropelike structure through which the fetus's veins and
arteries reach the placenta; the route of nourishment and oxygen to the fetus and the route of
waste disposal from the fetus. The scar in the middle of the abdomen that marks the former
attachment of the umbilical cord is the umbilicus (um-BILL-ih-cus), commonly known as the
"belly button."
uterus (YOU-ter-us) - ✔️✔️the muscular organ within which the infant develops before birth.
zygote (ZY-goat) - ✔️✔️the initial product of the union of ovum and sperm; a fertilized ovum.
adolescence - ✔️✔️the period from the beginning of puberty until maturity.
adverse reactions - ✔️✔️unusual responses to food (including intolerances and allergies).
alpha-lactalbumin (lact-AL-byoo-min) - ✔️✔️a major protein in human breast milk, as opposed to
casein (CAY-seen), a major protein in cow's milk.
anaphylactic shock (ana-fill-LAC-tic) - ✔️✔️a life-threatening, whole-body allergic reaction to an
offending substance.
atherosclerosis (ATH-er-oh-scler-OH-sis) - ✔️✔️a type of artery disease characterized by plaques
(accumulations of lipid-containing material) on the inner walls of the arteries.
bifidus factors (BIFF-id-us, by-FEED-us) - ✔️✔️factors in colostrum and breast milk that favor
the growth of the "friendly" bacterium Lactobacillus (lack-toh-ba-SILL-us) bifidus in the infant's
intestinal tract, so that other, less desirable intestinal inhabitants will not flourish.
botulism (BOT-chew-lism) - ✔️✔️an often fatal foodborne illness caused by the ingestion of foods
containing a toxin produced by bacteria that grow without oxygen.
, breast milk bank - ✔️✔️a service that collects, screens, processes, and distributes donated human
milk.
cardiovascular disease (CVD) - ✔️✔️a general term for all diseases of the heart and blood vessels.
Atherosclerosis is the main cause of CVD. When the arteries that carry blood to the heart muscle
become blocked, the heart suffers damage known as coronary heart disease (CHD).
colostrum (ko-LAHS-trum) - ✔️✔️a milk-like secretion from the breast, present during the first
few days after delivery before milk appears; rich in protective factors.
fatty streaks - ✔️✔️accumulations of cholesterol and other lipids along the walls of the arteries.
food allergy - ✔️✔️an adverse reaction to food that involves an immune response; also called
food-hypersensitivity reaction.
food intolerances - ✔️✔️adverse reactions to foods that do not involve the immune system.
gatekeepers - ✔️✔️with respect to nutrition, key people who control other people's access to foods
and thereby exert profound impacts on their nutrition. Examples are the spouse who buys and
cooks the food, the parent who feeds the children, and the caregiver in a day-care center.
hyperactivity - ✔️✔️inattentive and impulsive behavior that is more frequent and severe than is
typical of others a similar age; professionally called attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD).
lactadherin (lack-tad-HAIR-in) - ✔️✔️a protein in breast milk that attacks diarrhea-causing
viruses.
lactoferrin (lack-toh-FERR-in) - ✔️✔️a protein in breast milk that binds iron and keeps it from
supporting the growth of the infant's intestinal bacteria.
milk anemia - ✔️✔️iron-deficiency anemia that develops when an excessive milk intake displaces
iron-rich foods from the diet.
nursing bottle tooth decay - ✔️✔️extensive tooth decay due to prolonged tooth contact with
formula, milk, fruit juice, or other carbohydrate-rich liquid offered to an infant in a bottle.
plaque (PLACK) - ✔️✔️an accumulation of fatty deposits, smooth muscle cells, and fibrous
connective tissue that develops in the artery walls in atherosclerosis. Plaque associated with
atherosclerosis is known as atheromatous (ATH-er-OH-ma-tus) plaque.
puberty - ✔️✔️the period in life in which a person becomes physically capable of reproduction.
Questions with 100% Correct Answers
sperm - ✔️✔️the male reproductive cell, capable of fertilizing an ovum.
spina bifida (SPY-nah BIFF-ih-dah) - ✔️✔️one of the most common types of neural tube defects;
characterized by the incomplete closure of the spinal cord and its bony encasement.
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) - ✔️✔️the unexpected and unexplained death of an
apparently well infant; the most common cause of death of infants between the second week and
the end of the first year of life; also called crib death.
umbilical cord (um-BILL-ih-cul) - ✔️✔️the ropelike structure through which the fetus's veins and
arteries reach the placenta; the route of nourishment and oxygen to the fetus and the route of
waste disposal from the fetus. The scar in the middle of the abdomen that marks the former
attachment of the umbilical cord is the umbilicus (um-BILL-ih-cus), commonly known as the
"belly button."
uterus (YOU-ter-us) - ✔️✔️the muscular organ within which the infant develops before birth.
zygote (ZY-goat) - ✔️✔️the initial product of the union of ovum and sperm; a fertilized ovum.
adolescence - ✔️✔️the period from the beginning of puberty until maturity.
adverse reactions - ✔️✔️unusual responses to food (including intolerances and allergies).
alpha-lactalbumin (lact-AL-byoo-min) - ✔️✔️a major protein in human breast milk, as opposed to
casein (CAY-seen), a major protein in cow's milk.
anaphylactic shock (ana-fill-LAC-tic) - ✔️✔️a life-threatening, whole-body allergic reaction to an
offending substance.
atherosclerosis (ATH-er-oh-scler-OH-sis) - ✔️✔️a type of artery disease characterized by plaques
(accumulations of lipid-containing material) on the inner walls of the arteries.
bifidus factors (BIFF-id-us, by-FEED-us) - ✔️✔️factors in colostrum and breast milk that favor
the growth of the "friendly" bacterium Lactobacillus (lack-toh-ba-SILL-us) bifidus in the infant's
intestinal tract, so that other, less desirable intestinal inhabitants will not flourish.
botulism (BOT-chew-lism) - ✔️✔️an often fatal foodborne illness caused by the ingestion of foods
containing a toxin produced by bacteria that grow without oxygen.
, breast milk bank - ✔️✔️a service that collects, screens, processes, and distributes donated human
milk.
cardiovascular disease (CVD) - ✔️✔️a general term for all diseases of the heart and blood vessels.
Atherosclerosis is the main cause of CVD. When the arteries that carry blood to the heart muscle
become blocked, the heart suffers damage known as coronary heart disease (CHD).
colostrum (ko-LAHS-trum) - ✔️✔️a milk-like secretion from the breast, present during the first
few days after delivery before milk appears; rich in protective factors.
fatty streaks - ✔️✔️accumulations of cholesterol and other lipids along the walls of the arteries.
food allergy - ✔️✔️an adverse reaction to food that involves an immune response; also called
food-hypersensitivity reaction.
food intolerances - ✔️✔️adverse reactions to foods that do not involve the immune system.
gatekeepers - ✔️✔️with respect to nutrition, key people who control other people's access to foods
and thereby exert profound impacts on their nutrition. Examples are the spouse who buys and
cooks the food, the parent who feeds the children, and the caregiver in a day-care center.
hyperactivity - ✔️✔️inattentive and impulsive behavior that is more frequent and severe than is
typical of others a similar age; professionally called attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD).
lactadherin (lack-tad-HAIR-in) - ✔️✔️a protein in breast milk that attacks diarrhea-causing
viruses.
lactoferrin (lack-toh-FERR-in) - ✔️✔️a protein in breast milk that binds iron and keeps it from
supporting the growth of the infant's intestinal bacteria.
milk anemia - ✔️✔️iron-deficiency anemia that develops when an excessive milk intake displaces
iron-rich foods from the diet.
nursing bottle tooth decay - ✔️✔️extensive tooth decay due to prolonged tooth contact with
formula, milk, fruit juice, or other carbohydrate-rich liquid offered to an infant in a bottle.
plaque (PLACK) - ✔️✔️an accumulation of fatty deposits, smooth muscle cells, and fibrous
connective tissue that develops in the artery walls in atherosclerosis. Plaque associated with
atherosclerosis is known as atheromatous (ATH-er-OH-ma-tus) plaque.
puberty - ✔️✔️the period in life in which a person becomes physically capable of reproduction.
