Title: An annotated diagram showing the different stages involved
in aerobic respiration including the role of oxygen in this process
During aerobic respiration, a respiratory substrate, e.g., glucose, is split in
the presence of oxygen to release carbon dioxide and water. Many ATP
(adenosine triphosphate) molecules are produced, releasing energy from
glucose.
1 glucose produces 36 ATP
glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + ATP Energy
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP
It is a biochemical reaction that takes place when oxygen is present. The
process of aerobic respiration uses oxygen and glucose to produce energy in
the form of ATP (a molecule). This occurs inside all mitochondria.
This occurs in stages/ metabolic pathways as follows:
1. The cytoplasm of the cell is where glycolysis occurs.
2. The mitochondrial matrix is where the Link reaction occurs.
3. In the mitochondrial matrix, the Krebs cycle occurs.
4. Electron Transport Chain (ETC)/ oxidated phosphorylation takes place
in the mitochondria’s inner membrane.
Glycolysis:
This process only occurs in the cytoplasm of any cell and breaks down the
glucose molecule, causing it to split into two molecules needed for the link
reaction. It is a four-stage process. This process results in the production of
2x pyruvate molecules, 2 ATPs, 2 reduced NADs (Nicotinamide Adenine
Dinucleotide).
Steps of glycolysis:
1. Phosphorylation: glucose (6C) is phosphorylated by 2 ATP to form
fructose bisphosphate (6C)
Glucose + 2ATP → Fructose bisphosphate
2. Lysis: fructose bisphosphate (6C) splits into two molecules of triose
phosphate (3C)
Fructose bisphosphate → 2 Triose phosphate
3. Oxidation: hydrogen is removed from each molecule of triose
phosphate and transferred to coenzyme NAD to form 2 reduced NAD
4H + 2NAD → 2NADH + 2H+
, 4. Dephosphorylation: phosphates are transferred from the
intermediate substrate molecules to form 4 ATP through substrate-
linked phosphorylation
4Pi + 4ADP → 4ATP
5. Pyruvate is produced: the product of glycolysis which can be used in
the next stage of respiration
2 Triose phosphate → 2 Pyruvate
At the end of glycolysis, pyruvate is produced. This contains a chemical
energy that can be used in respiration to produce ATP. When oxygen is
available, pyruvate enters the mitochondrial matrix where aerobic
respiration continues. The pyruvate will move across the double membrane
of the mitochondria through active transport. This requires a transport
protein and a small amount of ATP. When the pyruvate is in the
mitochondrial matrix the link reaction occurs.
Link Reaction:
in aerobic respiration including the role of oxygen in this process
During aerobic respiration, a respiratory substrate, e.g., glucose, is split in
the presence of oxygen to release carbon dioxide and water. Many ATP
(adenosine triphosphate) molecules are produced, releasing energy from
glucose.
1 glucose produces 36 ATP
glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + ATP Energy
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP
It is a biochemical reaction that takes place when oxygen is present. The
process of aerobic respiration uses oxygen and glucose to produce energy in
the form of ATP (a molecule). This occurs inside all mitochondria.
This occurs in stages/ metabolic pathways as follows:
1. The cytoplasm of the cell is where glycolysis occurs.
2. The mitochondrial matrix is where the Link reaction occurs.
3. In the mitochondrial matrix, the Krebs cycle occurs.
4. Electron Transport Chain (ETC)/ oxidated phosphorylation takes place
in the mitochondria’s inner membrane.
Glycolysis:
This process only occurs in the cytoplasm of any cell and breaks down the
glucose molecule, causing it to split into two molecules needed for the link
reaction. It is a four-stage process. This process results in the production of
2x pyruvate molecules, 2 ATPs, 2 reduced NADs (Nicotinamide Adenine
Dinucleotide).
Steps of glycolysis:
1. Phosphorylation: glucose (6C) is phosphorylated by 2 ATP to form
fructose bisphosphate (6C)
Glucose + 2ATP → Fructose bisphosphate
2. Lysis: fructose bisphosphate (6C) splits into two molecules of triose
phosphate (3C)
Fructose bisphosphate → 2 Triose phosphate
3. Oxidation: hydrogen is removed from each molecule of triose
phosphate and transferred to coenzyme NAD to form 2 reduced NAD
4H + 2NAD → 2NADH + 2H+
, 4. Dephosphorylation: phosphates are transferred from the
intermediate substrate molecules to form 4 ATP through substrate-
linked phosphorylation
4Pi + 4ADP → 4ATP
5. Pyruvate is produced: the product of glycolysis which can be used in
the next stage of respiration
2 Triose phosphate → 2 Pyruvate
At the end of glycolysis, pyruvate is produced. This contains a chemical
energy that can be used in respiration to produce ATP. When oxygen is
available, pyruvate enters the mitochondrial matrix where aerobic
respiration continues. The pyruvate will move across the double membrane
of the mitochondria through active transport. This requires a transport
protein and a small amount of ATP. When the pyruvate is in the
mitochondrial matrix the link reaction occurs.
Link Reaction:
