TESTnBANKnPATHOPHYSIOLOGY n THEnBIOLOGICnBASISnFORnDISEASEnINnADULTSnANDnCHILDRENn8th n Edition n Kathryn n L.n
McCance, n Suen E.n Huether
TEST BANK n
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
THE BIOLOGIC BASIS FOR DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN
N N N N N N N N
8th Edition
n
Kathryn L. McCance, Sue E. Huether
n n n n n
TESTnBANKnPATHOPHYSIOLOGY n THEnBIOLOGICnBASISnFORnDISEASEnINnADULTSnANDnCHILDRENn8th n Edition n Kathryn n L.n
McCance, n Suen E.n Huether
, n 2
Contents
Chaptern01:nCellularnBiology................................................................................................................. 4
Chaptern02:nAlterednCellularnandnTissue nBiology:nEnvironmentalnAgents................................................ 18
Chaptern03:nThe nCellularnEnvironment:nFluidsnandnElectrolytes,nAcidsnandnBases.................................... 31
Chaptern04:nGenesnandnGeneticnDiseases ............................................................................................ 44
Chaptern05:nGenes,nEnvironment-Lifestyle,nandnCommonnDiseases....................................................... 55
Chaptern06:nEpigeneticsnandnDisease .................................................................................................. 63
Chaptern07:nInnatenImmunity:nInflammationnandnWoundnHealing ......................................................... 68
Chaptern08:nAdaptivenImmunity ......................................................................................................... 83
Chaptern09:nAlterationsninnImmunitynandnInflammation ....................................................................... 95
Chaptern10:nInfection ...................................................................................................................... 108
Chaptern11:nStressnandnDisease ........................................................................................................ 117
Chaptern12:nCancernBiology.............................................................................................................. 124
Chaptern13:nCancernEpidemiology..................................................................................................... 137
Chaptern14:nCancerninnChildren......................................................................................................... 143
Chaptern15:nStructure nandnFunctionnof nthenNeurologicnSystem ........................................................... 148
Chaptern16:nPain,nTemperaturenRegulation,nSleep,nandnSensorynFunction............................................ 159
Chaptern17:nAlterationsninnCognitivenSystems,nCerebralnHemodynamics, nandnMotornFunction............... 174
Chaptern18:nDisordersnofnthe nCentralnandnPeripheralnNervousnSystemsnandnthe nNeuromuscularnJunction
. ...................................................................................................................................................188
Chaptern19:nNeurobiologynofnSchizophrenia, nMoodnDisorders,nandnAnxietynDisorders .......................... 199
Chaptern20:nAlterationsnofnNeurologicnFunctionninnChildren................................................................ 206
Chaptern21:nMechanismsnof nHormonalnRegulation............................................................................. 213
Chaptern22:nAlterationsnofnHormonalnRegulation ............................................................................... 222
Chaptern23:nObesitynandnDisordersnof nNutrition................................................................................. 234
Chaptern24:nStructure nandnFunctionnof nthe nReproductivenSystems ...................................................... 239
Chaptern25:nAlterationsnofnthe nFemale nReproductive nSystem.............................................................. 249
Chaptern26:nAlterationsnofnthe nMalenReproductivenSystem................................................................. 259
Chaptern27:nSexuallynTransmittednInfections ..................................................................................... 265
Chaptern28:nStructure nandnFunctionnof nthenHematologicnSystem......................................................... 273
Chaptern29:nAlterationsnofnErythrocytes,nPlatelets,nandnHemostaticnFunction....................................... 283
TESTnBANKnPATHOPHYSIOLOGY n THEnBIOLOGICnBASISnFORnDISEASEnINnADULTSnANDnCHILDRENn8th n Edition n Kathryn n L.n
McCance, n Suen E.n Huether
, n 3
Chaptern30:nAlterationsnofnLeukocytenandnLymphoidnFunction............................................................ 293
Chaptern31:nAlterationsnofnHematologicnFunctionninnChildren ............................................................. 300
Chaptern32:nStructure nandnFunctionnof nthe nCardiovascularnandnLymphaticnSystems.............................. 311
Chaptern33:nAlterationsnofnCardiovascularnFunction ........................................................................... 324
Chaptern34:nAlterationsnofnCardiovascularnFunctionninnChildren .......................................................... 338
Chaptern35:nStructure nandnFunctionnof nthe nPulmonarynSystem ........................................................... 346
Chaptern36:nAlterationsnofnPulmonarynFunction................................................................................. 356
Chaptern37:nAlterationsnofnPulmonarynFunctionninnChildren................................................................ 373
Chaptern38:nStructure nandnFunctionnof nthe nRenalnandnUrologicnSystems .............................................. 381
Chaptern39:nAlterationsnofnRenalnandnUrinarynTractnFunction.............................................................. 391
Chaptern40:nAlterationsnofnRenalnandnUrinarynTractnFunctionninnChildren............................................. 401
Chaptern41:nStructure nandnFunctionnof nthe nDigestivenSystem .............................................................. 409
Chaptern42:nAlterationsnofnDigestivenFunction ................................................................................... 421
Chaptern43:nAlterationsnofnDigestivenFunctionninnChildren .................................................................. 432
Chaptern44:nStructure nandnFunctionnof nthe nMusculoskeletalnSystem ................................................... 441
Chaptern45:nAlterationsnofnMusculoskeletalnFunction......................................................................... 453
Chaptern46:nAlterationsnofnMusculoskeletalnFunctionninnChildren........................................................ 466
Chaptern47:nStructure,nFunction,nandnDisordersnofnthe nIntegument ..................................................... 475
Chaptern48:nAlterationsnofnthenIntegumentninnChildren....................................................................... 486
Chaptern49:nShock,nMultiple nOrgannDysfunctionnSyndrome,nandnBurnsninnAdults.................................. 494
Chaptern50:nShock,nMultiple nOrgannDysfunctionnSyndrome,nandnBurnsninnChildren............................... 502
TESTnBANKnPATHOPHYSIOLOGY n THEnBIOLOGICnBASISnFORnDISEASEnINnADULTSnANDnCHILDRENn8th n Edition n Kathryn n L.n
McCance, n Suen E.n Huether
, TestnBankn-nPathophysiology:nThe nBiologicnBasisnfornDisease ninnAdultsnandnChildrenn(8th) n n n 4
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
n n n
MULTIPLEnCHOICE
1. Whichn statement n best n describesn then cellularn functionn of n metabolicn absorption?
a. Cellsn cann producen proteins.
b. Cellsn cann secreten digestiven enzymes.
c. Cellsn cann taken inn and n usen nutrients.
d. Cellsn cann synthesizen fats.
ANS:n C
Inn metabolicn absorption,n alln cellsn taken inn and n usen nutrientsn andn othern substancesn fromn theirn surrounding
s.n Then remainingnoptionsn aren not n inclusiven inn theirn descriptionsn of n cellularn metabolicn absorption.
PTS:n n 1 DIF: Cognitiven Level:n Remembering
2. Wheren isn most n of n an cell’sn geneticn information,n includingn RNA n and n DNA,n contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS:n C
Then nucleusn containsn then nucleolus,nan smalln densen structurencomposed nlargelynof nRNA,nmost n of n th
en cellularn DNA,n and n then DNA-
bindingn proteins,n suchn asn then histones,n whichn regulaten itsn activity.n Then mitochondrian aren responsib
len forn cellularn respirationn and n energyn production.
Ribosomes’n chief nfunctionn isn ton providen sitesnforncellularn proteinn synthesis.n Lysosomesn functionn as
n then intracellularn digestiven system.
PTS:n n 1 DIF: Cognitiven Level:n Remembering
3. Whichn component n of n thencelln producesn hydrogenn peroxiden (H 2O2 )nbynusingnoxygenn tonremovenh
ydrogenn atomsn fromn specificn substratesn inn ann oxidativen reaction?
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS:n B
TESTnBANKnPATHOPHYSIOLOGY n THEnBIOLOGICnBASISnFORnDISEASEnINnADULTSnANDnCHILDRENn8th n Edition n Kathryn n L.n
McCance, n Suen E.n Huether
McCance, n Suen E.n Huether
TEST BANK n
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
THE BIOLOGIC BASIS FOR DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN
N N N N N N N N
8th Edition
n
Kathryn L. McCance, Sue E. Huether
n n n n n
TESTnBANKnPATHOPHYSIOLOGY n THEnBIOLOGICnBASISnFORnDISEASEnINnADULTSnANDnCHILDRENn8th n Edition n Kathryn n L.n
McCance, n Suen E.n Huether
, n 2
Contents
Chaptern01:nCellularnBiology................................................................................................................. 4
Chaptern02:nAlterednCellularnandnTissue nBiology:nEnvironmentalnAgents................................................ 18
Chaptern03:nThe nCellularnEnvironment:nFluidsnandnElectrolytes,nAcidsnandnBases.................................... 31
Chaptern04:nGenesnandnGeneticnDiseases ............................................................................................ 44
Chaptern05:nGenes,nEnvironment-Lifestyle,nandnCommonnDiseases....................................................... 55
Chaptern06:nEpigeneticsnandnDisease .................................................................................................. 63
Chaptern07:nInnatenImmunity:nInflammationnandnWoundnHealing ......................................................... 68
Chaptern08:nAdaptivenImmunity ......................................................................................................... 83
Chaptern09:nAlterationsninnImmunitynandnInflammation ....................................................................... 95
Chaptern10:nInfection ...................................................................................................................... 108
Chaptern11:nStressnandnDisease ........................................................................................................ 117
Chaptern12:nCancernBiology.............................................................................................................. 124
Chaptern13:nCancernEpidemiology..................................................................................................... 137
Chaptern14:nCancerninnChildren......................................................................................................... 143
Chaptern15:nStructure nandnFunctionnof nthenNeurologicnSystem ........................................................... 148
Chaptern16:nPain,nTemperaturenRegulation,nSleep,nandnSensorynFunction............................................ 159
Chaptern17:nAlterationsninnCognitivenSystems,nCerebralnHemodynamics, nandnMotornFunction............... 174
Chaptern18:nDisordersnofnthe nCentralnandnPeripheralnNervousnSystemsnandnthe nNeuromuscularnJunction
. ...................................................................................................................................................188
Chaptern19:nNeurobiologynofnSchizophrenia, nMoodnDisorders,nandnAnxietynDisorders .......................... 199
Chaptern20:nAlterationsnofnNeurologicnFunctionninnChildren................................................................ 206
Chaptern21:nMechanismsnof nHormonalnRegulation............................................................................. 213
Chaptern22:nAlterationsnofnHormonalnRegulation ............................................................................... 222
Chaptern23:nObesitynandnDisordersnof nNutrition................................................................................. 234
Chaptern24:nStructure nandnFunctionnof nthe nReproductivenSystems ...................................................... 239
Chaptern25:nAlterationsnofnthe nFemale nReproductive nSystem.............................................................. 249
Chaptern26:nAlterationsnofnthe nMalenReproductivenSystem................................................................. 259
Chaptern27:nSexuallynTransmittednInfections ..................................................................................... 265
Chaptern28:nStructure nandnFunctionnof nthenHematologicnSystem......................................................... 273
Chaptern29:nAlterationsnofnErythrocytes,nPlatelets,nandnHemostaticnFunction....................................... 283
TESTnBANKnPATHOPHYSIOLOGY n THEnBIOLOGICnBASISnFORnDISEASEnINnADULTSnANDnCHILDRENn8th n Edition n Kathryn n L.n
McCance, n Suen E.n Huether
, n 3
Chaptern30:nAlterationsnofnLeukocytenandnLymphoidnFunction............................................................ 293
Chaptern31:nAlterationsnofnHematologicnFunctionninnChildren ............................................................. 300
Chaptern32:nStructure nandnFunctionnof nthe nCardiovascularnandnLymphaticnSystems.............................. 311
Chaptern33:nAlterationsnofnCardiovascularnFunction ........................................................................... 324
Chaptern34:nAlterationsnofnCardiovascularnFunctionninnChildren .......................................................... 338
Chaptern35:nStructure nandnFunctionnof nthe nPulmonarynSystem ........................................................... 346
Chaptern36:nAlterationsnofnPulmonarynFunction................................................................................. 356
Chaptern37:nAlterationsnofnPulmonarynFunctionninnChildren................................................................ 373
Chaptern38:nStructure nandnFunctionnof nthe nRenalnandnUrologicnSystems .............................................. 381
Chaptern39:nAlterationsnofnRenalnandnUrinarynTractnFunction.............................................................. 391
Chaptern40:nAlterationsnofnRenalnandnUrinarynTractnFunctionninnChildren............................................. 401
Chaptern41:nStructure nandnFunctionnof nthe nDigestivenSystem .............................................................. 409
Chaptern42:nAlterationsnofnDigestivenFunction ................................................................................... 421
Chaptern43:nAlterationsnofnDigestivenFunctionninnChildren .................................................................. 432
Chaptern44:nStructure nandnFunctionnof nthe nMusculoskeletalnSystem ................................................... 441
Chaptern45:nAlterationsnofnMusculoskeletalnFunction......................................................................... 453
Chaptern46:nAlterationsnofnMusculoskeletalnFunctionninnChildren........................................................ 466
Chaptern47:nStructure,nFunction,nandnDisordersnofnthe nIntegument ..................................................... 475
Chaptern48:nAlterationsnofnthenIntegumentninnChildren....................................................................... 486
Chaptern49:nShock,nMultiple nOrgannDysfunctionnSyndrome,nandnBurnsninnAdults.................................. 494
Chaptern50:nShock,nMultiple nOrgannDysfunctionnSyndrome,nandnBurnsninnChildren............................... 502
TESTnBANKnPATHOPHYSIOLOGY n THEnBIOLOGICnBASISnFORnDISEASEnINnADULTSnANDnCHILDRENn8th n Edition n Kathryn n L.n
McCance, n Suen E.n Huether
, TestnBankn-nPathophysiology:nThe nBiologicnBasisnfornDisease ninnAdultsnandnChildrenn(8th) n n n 4
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
n n n
MULTIPLEnCHOICE
1. Whichn statement n best n describesn then cellularn functionn of n metabolicn absorption?
a. Cellsn cann producen proteins.
b. Cellsn cann secreten digestiven enzymes.
c. Cellsn cann taken inn and n usen nutrients.
d. Cellsn cann synthesizen fats.
ANS:n C
Inn metabolicn absorption,n alln cellsn taken inn and n usen nutrientsn andn othern substancesn fromn theirn surrounding
s.n Then remainingnoptionsn aren not n inclusiven inn theirn descriptionsn of n cellularn metabolicn absorption.
PTS:n n 1 DIF: Cognitiven Level:n Remembering
2. Wheren isn most n of n an cell’sn geneticn information,n includingn RNA n and n DNA,n contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS:n C
Then nucleusn containsn then nucleolus,nan smalln densen structurencomposed nlargelynof nRNA,nmost n of n th
en cellularn DNA,n and n then DNA-
bindingn proteins,n suchn asn then histones,n whichn regulaten itsn activity.n Then mitochondrian aren responsib
len forn cellularn respirationn and n energyn production.
Ribosomes’n chief nfunctionn isn ton providen sitesnforncellularn proteinn synthesis.n Lysosomesn functionn as
n then intracellularn digestiven system.
PTS:n n 1 DIF: Cognitiven Level:n Remembering
3. Whichn component n of n thencelln producesn hydrogenn peroxiden (H 2O2 )nbynusingnoxygenn tonremovenh
ydrogenn atomsn fromn specificn substratesn inn ann oxidativen reaction?
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS:n B
TESTnBANKnPATHOPHYSIOLOGY n THEnBIOLOGICnBASISnFORnDISEASEnINnADULTSnANDnCHILDRENn8th n Edition n Kathryn n L.n
McCance, n Suen E.n Huether
