Biology GCSE n
1. What are the parts of an animal (and plant) cell?: NucleusCytoplasm
n n n n n n n n n n n n
Cell membranen n
Mitochondria
2. What are parts of a plant cell?: Rigid cell wall
n n n n n n n n n
Large vacuole n n
Chloroplasts
(nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane and mitochondria)
n n n n n
3. What does the nucleus do?: Contains DNA that controls what the cell does
n n n n n n n n n n n n
4. What does the cytoplasm do?: Its a gel-
n n n n n n n
like substance where most of thechemical reactions happpen
n n n n n n n n
5. What does the cell membrane do?: Holds the cell together and controls whatgoe
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
s in and out
n n n
6. What does the mitochondria do?: This is where most of the reactions for resp
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
iration take place. Respiration releases energy that the cell needs to work.
n n n n n n n n n n n
7. What does the rigid cell wall do?: It is made up of cellulose and it gives supportfor t
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
he cell
n
8. What does the large vacuole do?: Contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugarand s
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
1n/n19
,alts
9. What do chloroplasts do?: This is where photosynthesis occurs. They containa gre
n n n n n n n n n n n n
en substance called chlorophyll.
n n n
10. What are the features of a bacteria cell?: Chromosomal DNAPla
n n n n n n n n n n
smids
Flagellum n
Cell wall
n
11. What is chromosomal DNA?: Chromosomal DNA controls the cells activitiesand
n n n n n n n n n n n
replication. It floats free in the cytoplasm.
n n n n n n
12. What are plasmids?: Plasmids are small loops of extra DNA that aren't part ofthe c
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
hromosome. Plasmids contain genes for things like drug resistance and can bepassed be
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
tween bacteria.
n
13. What is the flagellum?: The flagellum is a long, hair-
n n n n n n n n n
like structure that rotatesto make the bacterium move.
n n n n n n n n
14. What does the cell wall do?: Support the cell
n n n n n n n n
15. What is magnification?: How much bigger the image is that the specimen
n n n n n n n n n n n
16. How do you work out magnification?: length of image / length of specimen
n n n n n n n n n n n n
17. What is the difference between light microscopes and electron micro-
n n n n n n n n n
scopes?: Light microscopes let us see things like the nuclei, chloroplasts and mitoch
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
2n/n19
,ondria. Electron microscopes let us see much smaller things in more detail
n n n n n n n n n n n
3n/n19
, like the internal structure of mitochondria and chloroplasts and even tinier things likepl
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
asmids.
18. What is DNA?: DNA is the complex chemical that carries genetic information.DNA
n n n n n n n n n n n n
n is found in chromosomes which are found in the nucleus of most cells.
n n n n n n n n n n n n
19. What is the structure of DNA? (6marker): - n n n n n n n
A DNA molecule has two strandscoiled together in the shape of a double helix.
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
-
The two strands are hold together by chemicals called bases. The four bases areadenine
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
thymine, guanine and cytosine. n n n
-The bases are paired, and they always pair up in the same way; A-T and C-
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
G. Thisis called base pairing.
n n n n n
-The base pairs are joined together by weak hydrogen bonds.
n n n n n n n n n
20. What is a gene?: A gene is a short piece of DNA that codes for a specific protein.You ha
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
ve genes for hair structure, eye colour enzymes and every other protein in your body.
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
21. Who discovered the structure of DNA?: - n n n n n n
Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins worked out DNA had a helical structure by dir
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
ecting beams of X-rays ontocrystallised DNA and looking at the patterns of x-
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
rays formed as they bounced off.
n n n n n
-
4n/n19
1. What are the parts of an animal (and plant) cell?: NucleusCytoplasm
n n n n n n n n n n n n
Cell membranen n
Mitochondria
2. What are parts of a plant cell?: Rigid cell wall
n n n n n n n n n
Large vacuole n n
Chloroplasts
(nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane and mitochondria)
n n n n n
3. What does the nucleus do?: Contains DNA that controls what the cell does
n n n n n n n n n n n n
4. What does the cytoplasm do?: Its a gel-
n n n n n n n
like substance where most of thechemical reactions happpen
n n n n n n n n
5. What does the cell membrane do?: Holds the cell together and controls whatgoe
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
s in and out
n n n
6. What does the mitochondria do?: This is where most of the reactions for resp
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
iration take place. Respiration releases energy that the cell needs to work.
n n n n n n n n n n n
7. What does the rigid cell wall do?: It is made up of cellulose and it gives supportfor t
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
he cell
n
8. What does the large vacuole do?: Contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugarand s
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
1n/n19
,alts
9. What do chloroplasts do?: This is where photosynthesis occurs. They containa gre
n n n n n n n n n n n n
en substance called chlorophyll.
n n n
10. What are the features of a bacteria cell?: Chromosomal DNAPla
n n n n n n n n n n
smids
Flagellum n
Cell wall
n
11. What is chromosomal DNA?: Chromosomal DNA controls the cells activitiesand
n n n n n n n n n n n
replication. It floats free in the cytoplasm.
n n n n n n
12. What are plasmids?: Plasmids are small loops of extra DNA that aren't part ofthe c
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
hromosome. Plasmids contain genes for things like drug resistance and can bepassed be
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
tween bacteria.
n
13. What is the flagellum?: The flagellum is a long, hair-
n n n n n n n n n
like structure that rotatesto make the bacterium move.
n n n n n n n n
14. What does the cell wall do?: Support the cell
n n n n n n n n
15. What is magnification?: How much bigger the image is that the specimen
n n n n n n n n n n n
16. How do you work out magnification?: length of image / length of specimen
n n n n n n n n n n n n
17. What is the difference between light microscopes and electron micro-
n n n n n n n n n
scopes?: Light microscopes let us see things like the nuclei, chloroplasts and mitoch
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
2n/n19
,ondria. Electron microscopes let us see much smaller things in more detail
n n n n n n n n n n n
3n/n19
, like the internal structure of mitochondria and chloroplasts and even tinier things likepl
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
asmids.
18. What is DNA?: DNA is the complex chemical that carries genetic information.DNA
n n n n n n n n n n n n
n is found in chromosomes which are found in the nucleus of most cells.
n n n n n n n n n n n n
19. What is the structure of DNA? (6marker): - n n n n n n n
A DNA molecule has two strandscoiled together in the shape of a double helix.
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
-
The two strands are hold together by chemicals called bases. The four bases areadenine
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
thymine, guanine and cytosine. n n n
-The bases are paired, and they always pair up in the same way; A-T and C-
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
G. Thisis called base pairing.
n n n n n
-The base pairs are joined together by weak hydrogen bonds.
n n n n n n n n n
20. What is a gene?: A gene is a short piece of DNA that codes for a specific protein.You ha
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
ve genes for hair structure, eye colour enzymes and every other protein in your body.
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
21. Who discovered the structure of DNA?: - n n n n n n
Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins worked out DNA had a helical structure by dir
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
ecting beams of X-rays ontocrystallised DNA and looking at the patterns of x-
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
rays formed as they bounced off.
n n n n n
-
4n/n19
