4/9/25, 7:38 PSYC 388- Final |
AM
PSYC 388- FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANNSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
Terms in this set (265)
- There was a shift to group therapy in the 60s
- In the 90s, there was a focus on counselling issues related to the whole person.
-Canadian guidance Counsellor's association was created in 1965.
List 5 factors that influenced the
-Counselling became a distinct profession in the 1980s.
development of counselling in Canada
-The first counselling section was formed by CPA in 1986. This was
since the 1960s.
important because it distinguished counselling from other psychological
professions.
-In 1989, CPA established accreditation criteria for their doctoral program in
counselling.
E.G. Williamson Created the first counselling theory in the 1930s.
He was hospitalized for mental illness. He advocated for better treatment of
Clifford Beers
patients and for better mental health facilities.
Frank Parsons Founder of vocational guidance
Carl Rogers Had a humanistic view; developed person-centered therapy.
Developed rational emotive therapy. It's a type of cognitive therapy that
Albert Ellis
focuses on changing the client's irrational beliefs.
Father of transactional analysis. Said there are 3 ego states: the child, the adult,
Eric Berne
and the parent.
Pioneer in cognitive therapy. His method helps patients identify automatic
Aaron Beck
thoughts and reactions, and helps them develop more beneficial reactions.
(level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and Security, (level 3) Relationships,
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Love and Affection, (level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5) Self Actualization
Diff between Canada and US in Counselling in USA grew out of professional psychology; in Canada grew out of
counselling educational psychology.
attention to gender issues and sexual preferences, feminist theory, renewed
1980s counselling also changed because
emphasis on moral development, challenges of working with different ethnic and
of
cultural groups.
moral development; presented boys moral dilemmas and studied their responses
and reasoning processes in making moral decisions. Most famous moral dilemma
Lawrence Kohlberg
is "Heinz" who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he steal
the medication and why?
Wellness Mode --2000 Wellness Mode --2000
Describe how the vocational guidance Counsellors and guidance counsellors started to replace teachers in schools in
movement in public schools, and later in areas of testing and counselling. School boards begin hiring full-time counsellors
Canadian colleges and universities, as a result of the rising popularity of Rogers' humanistic approach.
contributed to the growth of the Counselling became to be seen as a crucial part of schools and should be its own
profession of counselling in Canada. profession.
An important difference their ability to provide and monitor psychotropic medication
between psychiatrists and other
allied mental health professionals
is:
Guidance deals with ___. counselling deals choice; change
with ___
1/11
, 4/9/25, 7:38 PSYC 388- Final |
AM
Curiosity,
ability to listen,
empathy,
comfort with conversation,
emotional intelligence,
Good qualities for effective counsellor introspection,
(12) capacity for self-denial,
comfort with power,
ability to laugh,
monitor own biases,
ask for clarification,
explore racial and cultural differences
1. Emotional distress,
2. Vicarious coping,
Bad reasons for becoming a counsellor 3. loneliness,
(6) 4. Desire for Power,
5. Need for love,
6.Vicarious rebellion
state of becoming emotionally or physically drained to the point that one cannot
perform functions meaningfully.
Counsellors develop a negative self-concept, negative job attitude, and even a
loss of concern, compassion, and feeling for others.
identify the symptoms of burnout,
It's the most common personal consequence of being a counsellor.
describe its treatment, and identify ways
To avoid burnout, counsellors need to modify their environment as well as the
to prevent it.
individual and interpersonal factors associated with it.
Burnout can also be avoided/treated by: associating with healthy individuals,
using stress-reduction exercises, engaging in self-assessment, setting aside free
and private time.
Counselling: Most professional counsellors in Canada are either social workers or
counselling psychologists.
differentiate between the disciplines of Social work: Need BSW or MSw
counselling, social work, psychology, and Psychology: Can have a PhD, EdD, PsyD. Graduates need to complete a
psychiatry. practicum.
Psychiatry: Need a doctoral degree. The only ones who can prescribe
medications. Usually use the medical model.
CCPA accredits master's programs in Canada that are counselling related.
To be accredited by CCPA, the program must require minimum 48 hours semester
hours and meet core competencies such as: counselling as a profession, issues in
counselling, etc. Students must complete a 100hr practicum, and a 400hr
describe the education/credentialing practicum.
processes related to the various
counselling professionals in Canada. Counselling psychology: 4 CPA accredited programs in Canada. U of A, McGill,
UBC, Ontario Institute for studies in education.
Social work: Most social work schools in canada are accredited voluntarily
through the Canadian Association for Social Work Education.
-nonprofessional
Three levels of helping relationships -paraprofessional
-professional
Client not accountable for cause of problem or solution. Can become dependent
Attributes of counselling -- Medical
on counsellor.
Clients responsible for causing and solving problem. Might be victim of
Attributes of counselling -- Moral Model
circumstances but respo for own victimization.
2/11
AM
PSYC 388- FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANNSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
Terms in this set (265)
- There was a shift to group therapy in the 60s
- In the 90s, there was a focus on counselling issues related to the whole person.
-Canadian guidance Counsellor's association was created in 1965.
List 5 factors that influenced the
-Counselling became a distinct profession in the 1980s.
development of counselling in Canada
-The first counselling section was formed by CPA in 1986. This was
since the 1960s.
important because it distinguished counselling from other psychological
professions.
-In 1989, CPA established accreditation criteria for their doctoral program in
counselling.
E.G. Williamson Created the first counselling theory in the 1930s.
He was hospitalized for mental illness. He advocated for better treatment of
Clifford Beers
patients and for better mental health facilities.
Frank Parsons Founder of vocational guidance
Carl Rogers Had a humanistic view; developed person-centered therapy.
Developed rational emotive therapy. It's a type of cognitive therapy that
Albert Ellis
focuses on changing the client's irrational beliefs.
Father of transactional analysis. Said there are 3 ego states: the child, the adult,
Eric Berne
and the parent.
Pioneer in cognitive therapy. His method helps patients identify automatic
Aaron Beck
thoughts and reactions, and helps them develop more beneficial reactions.
(level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and Security, (level 3) Relationships,
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Love and Affection, (level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5) Self Actualization
Diff between Canada and US in Counselling in USA grew out of professional psychology; in Canada grew out of
counselling educational psychology.
attention to gender issues and sexual preferences, feminist theory, renewed
1980s counselling also changed because
emphasis on moral development, challenges of working with different ethnic and
of
cultural groups.
moral development; presented boys moral dilemmas and studied their responses
and reasoning processes in making moral decisions. Most famous moral dilemma
Lawrence Kohlberg
is "Heinz" who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he steal
the medication and why?
Wellness Mode --2000 Wellness Mode --2000
Describe how the vocational guidance Counsellors and guidance counsellors started to replace teachers in schools in
movement in public schools, and later in areas of testing and counselling. School boards begin hiring full-time counsellors
Canadian colleges and universities, as a result of the rising popularity of Rogers' humanistic approach.
contributed to the growth of the Counselling became to be seen as a crucial part of schools and should be its own
profession of counselling in Canada. profession.
An important difference their ability to provide and monitor psychotropic medication
between psychiatrists and other
allied mental health professionals
is:
Guidance deals with ___. counselling deals choice; change
with ___
1/11
, 4/9/25, 7:38 PSYC 388- Final |
AM
Curiosity,
ability to listen,
empathy,
comfort with conversation,
emotional intelligence,
Good qualities for effective counsellor introspection,
(12) capacity for self-denial,
comfort with power,
ability to laugh,
monitor own biases,
ask for clarification,
explore racial and cultural differences
1. Emotional distress,
2. Vicarious coping,
Bad reasons for becoming a counsellor 3. loneliness,
(6) 4. Desire for Power,
5. Need for love,
6.Vicarious rebellion
state of becoming emotionally or physically drained to the point that one cannot
perform functions meaningfully.
Counsellors develop a negative self-concept, negative job attitude, and even a
loss of concern, compassion, and feeling for others.
identify the symptoms of burnout,
It's the most common personal consequence of being a counsellor.
describe its treatment, and identify ways
To avoid burnout, counsellors need to modify their environment as well as the
to prevent it.
individual and interpersonal factors associated with it.
Burnout can also be avoided/treated by: associating with healthy individuals,
using stress-reduction exercises, engaging in self-assessment, setting aside free
and private time.
Counselling: Most professional counsellors in Canada are either social workers or
counselling psychologists.
differentiate between the disciplines of Social work: Need BSW or MSw
counselling, social work, psychology, and Psychology: Can have a PhD, EdD, PsyD. Graduates need to complete a
psychiatry. practicum.
Psychiatry: Need a doctoral degree. The only ones who can prescribe
medications. Usually use the medical model.
CCPA accredits master's programs in Canada that are counselling related.
To be accredited by CCPA, the program must require minimum 48 hours semester
hours and meet core competencies such as: counselling as a profession, issues in
counselling, etc. Students must complete a 100hr practicum, and a 400hr
describe the education/credentialing practicum.
processes related to the various
counselling professionals in Canada. Counselling psychology: 4 CPA accredited programs in Canada. U of A, McGill,
UBC, Ontario Institute for studies in education.
Social work: Most social work schools in canada are accredited voluntarily
through the Canadian Association for Social Work Education.
-nonprofessional
Three levels of helping relationships -paraprofessional
-professional
Client not accountable for cause of problem or solution. Can become dependent
Attributes of counselling -- Medical
on counsellor.
Clients responsible for causing and solving problem. Might be victim of
Attributes of counselling -- Moral Model
circumstances but respo for own victimization.
2/11
