4/9/25, 7:40 Psyc 388 Midterm #1 |
AM
PSYC 388 MIDTERM #1 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
Terms in this set (241)
A young child below the age of puberty of below the age of majority
What is the definition of children?
Majority=anyone under 18
The system of rules which a particular country recognizes as regulating the
What is the definition of law? actions of its members and which it may enforce penalties
Criminal justice system
What is the definition of psychology? the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
What is the definition of a witness? A person who sees a crime or has information about a crime
Anyone who had a crime committed against them
What is the definition of a victim?
Also a witness unless they're dead
What is the definition of an offender? A person who commits a crime
Children= little adults
What did the Middle Ages think of
Ages 6/7 we're working and 11/12 were getting married
children and the law?
1500
Children= innocent beings
What did the enlightenment period think Thought they were different than adults (separate from adults) children needed
of children and the law? to be protected (too young to understand)
1685-1815 ish
Children= segregated, but not innocent
Segregation continued but children were also put in their place (ex: abused if
What did the Victorian era think of
they didn't respect authority
children and the law?
19th century 1837-1901 ish
Adult prison only
Children= protected and pitied
What did the 20th century think of Research what it is to be a child, justice system started to be put into play (need
children and the law? a place that isn't regular jail)
1901-2000
Children=protected and pitied
What does the 21st century think of
Extra protection and precautions and more pity
children and the law?
Juvenile justice system and active involvement
Any type of abuse, neglect, negligence, or exploitation of a child under the age
of 18 that causes injury or emotional damage
What is child maltreatment?
Main ways children become part of the justice system
What is abuse? To treat a child with violence (sexual or physical abuse)
What is neglect? Depriving a child of their basic needs
What are the two main forms of child Abuse and neglect
maltreatment?
What is the main way that Child maltreatment (abuse and neglect)
children become apart of the
justice system?
How common is child maltreatment? Rates are increasing by a lot
1/
8
, 4/9/25, 7:40 Psyc 388 Midterm #1 |
AM
1. COVID-19
Vulnerable children are pushed closer to their abuser
And risk factors that perpetuate adult abuse (eg unemployment)
Why are child maltreatment rates 2.Economic hardships
increasing? 1/3 canadians say they are experiencing financial hardship b/c COVID and cost of
living increase
3.Family dynamics
Single parent family increase
It's associated with negative impacts on later life psychological, psychiatric,
What is child maltreatment associated and criminological behaviour (associated with adult offending)
with? Especially true for children who are abused or victims of violent crimes
Associated with the cycle of abuse
A cycle of victim to victimizer
What is the cycle of abuse?
Abused children become abusers; victims of violence become violent victimizers
1. Fear of negative consequences
2.Embarrassment and shame
Why are children reluctant to disclose?
child witnesses often experience extreme emotional distress (this causes it)
Their abuser is often their guardian (placing them in a unique position)
Who is the child's abuser (usually)?
child witnesses often experience extreme emotional distress (this causes it)
Techniques used by interviewers to support the disclosure of a crime
What is rapport building? create an interpersonal connection and maximize child's comfort
Encourage the child to talk (narrative practice)
Step 1: interviewer meets child
Step 2: interviewer establishes the child's likings
Step 3: practice asking and answering questions
Step 4: interviewer establishes linguistic pattern
What are the interview steps?
Step 5: interviewer starts
-Step 6: interviewer notices changes in the answers (go back to rapport if
this happens) and then start the steps again
Adults are presumed to be fully competent and responsible
Adults vs. Children competence
Children are presumed to be vulnerable, dependent, and incapable of informed
and mature decision making
The ability to make informed decisions
What is competence? Children have less life experience, less advanced cognitive abilities, less
psychosocial abilities (less competent than adults)
(Adolescents has some ambiguity)
The extent to which you are responsible for your behaviour
What is culpability?
(Children are less culpable than
adults) (Adolescents has some
ambiguity)
Governs the administration of justice for youth who commit crimes. Applies to
youth 12-17 y/o (they are considered an adult at 18+)
What is the youth criminal justice act
(YCJA)?
Purpose: prevent crime, rehabilitate and reintegrate youth in the community.
Also ensure that they face meaningful consequences for their offences
2/
8
AM
PSYC 388 MIDTERM #1 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
Terms in this set (241)
A young child below the age of puberty of below the age of majority
What is the definition of children?
Majority=anyone under 18
The system of rules which a particular country recognizes as regulating the
What is the definition of law? actions of its members and which it may enforce penalties
Criminal justice system
What is the definition of psychology? the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
What is the definition of a witness? A person who sees a crime or has information about a crime
Anyone who had a crime committed against them
What is the definition of a victim?
Also a witness unless they're dead
What is the definition of an offender? A person who commits a crime
Children= little adults
What did the Middle Ages think of
Ages 6/7 we're working and 11/12 were getting married
children and the law?
1500
Children= innocent beings
What did the enlightenment period think Thought they were different than adults (separate from adults) children needed
of children and the law? to be protected (too young to understand)
1685-1815 ish
Children= segregated, but not innocent
Segregation continued but children were also put in their place (ex: abused if
What did the Victorian era think of
they didn't respect authority
children and the law?
19th century 1837-1901 ish
Adult prison only
Children= protected and pitied
What did the 20th century think of Research what it is to be a child, justice system started to be put into play (need
children and the law? a place that isn't regular jail)
1901-2000
Children=protected and pitied
What does the 21st century think of
Extra protection and precautions and more pity
children and the law?
Juvenile justice system and active involvement
Any type of abuse, neglect, negligence, or exploitation of a child under the age
of 18 that causes injury or emotional damage
What is child maltreatment?
Main ways children become part of the justice system
What is abuse? To treat a child with violence (sexual or physical abuse)
What is neglect? Depriving a child of their basic needs
What are the two main forms of child Abuse and neglect
maltreatment?
What is the main way that Child maltreatment (abuse and neglect)
children become apart of the
justice system?
How common is child maltreatment? Rates are increasing by a lot
1/
8
, 4/9/25, 7:40 Psyc 388 Midterm #1 |
AM
1. COVID-19
Vulnerable children are pushed closer to their abuser
And risk factors that perpetuate adult abuse (eg unemployment)
Why are child maltreatment rates 2.Economic hardships
increasing? 1/3 canadians say they are experiencing financial hardship b/c COVID and cost of
living increase
3.Family dynamics
Single parent family increase
It's associated with negative impacts on later life psychological, psychiatric,
What is child maltreatment associated and criminological behaviour (associated with adult offending)
with? Especially true for children who are abused or victims of violent crimes
Associated with the cycle of abuse
A cycle of victim to victimizer
What is the cycle of abuse?
Abused children become abusers; victims of violence become violent victimizers
1. Fear of negative consequences
2.Embarrassment and shame
Why are children reluctant to disclose?
child witnesses often experience extreme emotional distress (this causes it)
Their abuser is often their guardian (placing them in a unique position)
Who is the child's abuser (usually)?
child witnesses often experience extreme emotional distress (this causes it)
Techniques used by interviewers to support the disclosure of a crime
What is rapport building? create an interpersonal connection and maximize child's comfort
Encourage the child to talk (narrative practice)
Step 1: interviewer meets child
Step 2: interviewer establishes the child's likings
Step 3: practice asking and answering questions
Step 4: interviewer establishes linguistic pattern
What are the interview steps?
Step 5: interviewer starts
-Step 6: interviewer notices changes in the answers (go back to rapport if
this happens) and then start the steps again
Adults are presumed to be fully competent and responsible
Adults vs. Children competence
Children are presumed to be vulnerable, dependent, and incapable of informed
and mature decision making
The ability to make informed decisions
What is competence? Children have less life experience, less advanced cognitive abilities, less
psychosocial abilities (less competent than adults)
(Adolescents has some ambiguity)
The extent to which you are responsible for your behaviour
What is culpability?
(Children are less culpable than
adults) (Adolescents has some
ambiguity)
Governs the administration of justice for youth who commit crimes. Applies to
youth 12-17 y/o (they are considered an adult at 18+)
What is the youth criminal justice act
(YCJA)?
Purpose: prevent crime, rehabilitate and reintegrate youth in the community.
Also ensure that they face meaningful consequences for their offences
2/
8
