NURS480 EXAM FINAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWER

NURS480 EXAM FINAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWER Terms in this set (111) hierarchy of control for occupational health (from least effective to most effective) -PPE -administrative controls -engineering controls -substitution -elimination control of hazardous energy lockout/tagout community -a group or collection of individuals interacting in social units and sharing common interests, cultural values, and goals -it can be geopolitical or phenomenological -(in public health nursing) serves as the context, client, and setting aggregate -the subgroups of a larger group with common characteristics or concerns -public health nursing populations -a geographically-defined group, such as a county, state, or country -OR an at-risk group community health nursing -an extension of the realm of public health to include organized health efforts at the community level through both government and private efforts -ex: AHA and american red cross -focuses on a group of individuals within a geographically or culturally defined group, with key features of it being collaboration, initiatives, and empowerment -interventions focus on mainly improving education, reducing employment, and incorporating SDOH public health -the art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through organized community efforts to benefit each citizen -its mission is social justice -entitles all people to basic necessities such as adequate income & health protection and accepts collective burdens to make it possible public health nursing -focuses on population health through surveillance and assessment of multiple determinants of health, with intention to promote health and wellness, prevent disease, disability, and premature health, and identify, implement, and evaluate evidence-based programs and services -prevention is key -emphasizes primary prevention with the goal of achieving health equity levels of prevention A)primary prevention -the prevention of health problems before they occur, such as immunization B)secondary prevention -the early detection and intervention of health problems, such as screening for diseases C)tertiary prevention -the correction and prevention of deterioration of a disease state, such as teaching insulin administration in the home primary prevention -the prevention of health problems before they occur, such as immunization secondary prevention -the early detection and intervention of health problems, such as screening for diseases tertiary prevention -the correction and prevention of deterioration of a disease state, such as teaching insulin administration in the home levels of intervention A) surveillance B) disease and other health event investigation C)outreach D) screening E) case finding F) referral & followup G) case management H)delegated functions I)health teaching J)counseling K)consultation L)collaboration M)coalition building N)community organizing O)advocacy P) social marketing Q) policy development & enforcement upstream thinking -focus on improving community conditions through the tactics of laws, policies, and regulations that create community conditions supporting health for all people -#1 shared characteristic b/w community & population health is that they both enhance disease prevention through the use of upstream health promotion strategies health inequality -the differences in health, or differences in important influences on health, that are systematically associated with being socially disadvantaged, such as being poor, being a member of a disadvantaged racial/ethnic group, or being female, and that put already disadvantaged groups at further disadvantage; they could be avoidable by reasonable means -the uneven distributions of health and health resources as a result of genetic or other factors or a lack of resources -typically unavoidable differences in health and are not the product of human behaviors health disparities -the population-specific differences in the presence of disease, health outcomes, or access to healthcare health inequity -the differences in health status or in the distribution of resources between different groups, arising from the social conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age; resources are unevenly distributed, and this is not necessarily avoidable -the unfair, avoidable differences arising from poor governance, corruption, or cultural exclusion or the product of other human behavior -typically unavoidable differences in health and are not the product of human behaviors social determinants of health -non-medical factors that influence health outcomes; the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age, and the wider set of forces and systems shaping the conditions of daily life; these forces and systems include economic policies and systems, development agendas, social norms, social policies, and political systems -neighborhood & built environment -health & healthcare -social & community context -education -economic stability built environment -⅕ SDOH -the man made surroundings that provide the setting for human activity, combining physical elements and energy in forms for living, working, and playing health indicators -the limited but measurable elements of the health of a community that are used to gauge public health as a whole and summarize information about a given topic in population health or a health system excess mortality -number of deaths from all causes during a crisis above and beyond what is expected under normal conditions pandemic -an epidemic that has spread over several countries or continents, usually affecting a large number of people endemic -a constant presence and usual prevalence of a disease or infection within a geographic area outbreak -an increase, often sudden, in the number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected in a population, often in a more limited geographic area epidemic -an increase, often sudden, in the number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected in an area, occurring when an agent and susceptible hosts are present in adequate numbers and the agent can be effectively conveyed from a source to the hosts