4/11/25, 8:42
PM
NURS 480 OXYGENATION EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Terms in this set (229)
Define gas exchange the exchange of O2 and CO2 at the alveoli
SOB, DOR, DOE, tachypnea, dyspnea, nasal flaring, accessory muscle use, pursed
What are the s/s of respiratory distress? lip breathing, tripod positioning, diaphragmatic breathing, fatigue, cyanosis,
anxious, restless, confused, pallor
- inadequate ventilation
- inadequate oxygenation/diffusion
What are some causes of impaired
- problem with perfusion
oxygenation?
- damage at alveolar level (decreased surfactant, excess fluid, infection i.e pus,
exudate, consolidation)
What does impaired gas exchange look s/s of respiratory distress
like?
- Ventilation: the movement of air in and out of the lungs
Contrast ventilation, diffusion, and - Diffusion: the actual gas exchange
perfusion - Perfusion: The blood available to carry O2 rich RBCs from alveoli to cells and
CO2 saturated cells to alveoli to eliminate
It is the combination of ipratropium bromide with albuterol.
- albuterol is short acting
What is DuoNeb?
- ipratropium is longer acting
- as albuterol wears off, ipratropium peaks
- low phos; weakened diaphragm muscles
- fibrotic lungs
- damaged thoracic cage
What are some conditions that lead to
- brain injury
ventilation problems?
- poor neuro status
- respiratory disease
- fatigue/anxiety
- Low Hb (like in CKD)
What are some conditions leading to
- inability of Hb to bind with O2 (high vs low affinity); seen with carbon monoxide
oxygen transport problems?
- sickle cell
1. combustion
2.oxygen-induced hypoventilation (reason why we don't want COPD patients at
100% O2)
Know some of the complications of O2
3.oxygen toxicity
delivery
4.Absorption atelectasis (new onset of crackles/decreased breath sounds)
5. Drying of mucous membranes
6.Infection (keep nasal cannula clean)
What is absorption atelectasis? New onset of crackles/decreased breath sounds following O2 delivery
What is hypercarbia? retention of CO2
What is CO2 narcosis? Loss of sensitivity to high levels of CO2
- nasal cannula
- face mask (simple, partial, nonrebreather)
List the noninvasive methods of
- High flow nasal cannula (vapotherm)
supplemental O2
- venturi mask
- BiPap and CPap
1/
9
, 4/11/25, 8:42
PM
What are some nursing considerations for mobility, epistaxis, pressure ulcers
high flow nasal cannula?
• Respiratory diseases
• Neuromuscular diseases
• Diaphragmatic weakness
• Bronchiolitis
• Pneumonia
• Sleep-related breathing disorders
What kinds of patients need BiPAP or
• Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
CPAP?
• Hypoxia
• Hypercapnia
• Acute respiratory failure
• Acute asthma
• Cystic fibrosis
• Alternative to intubation, if applicable, or as support after intubation
CPAP: delivers same pressures on inspiration and expiration
CPAP vs. BiPAP
BiPAP: High pressures with inspiration, lower pressures with expiration
• respiratory arrest
• apnea
• uncontrolled vomiting
• inability to protect the airway
What are the absolute contraindications
• untreated pneumothorax
for CPAP?
• acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding
• recent gastric, laryngeal, or esophageal surgery
• facial or airway trauma.
• sometimes hemodynamic instability
(Artificial/invasive airways)
- endotracheal tube
List the invasive supplemental O2 - nasotracheal tube
- tracheostomy
- laryngeal mask airway (LMA)
What are the advantages of LMA no tracheal injury during tube installation and removal, less airway stimulation, less
compared to tracheal intubation? invasion of the airway tissue, easier installation, and efficient establishment
- continuous VS monitoring
- patient IV access (x2)
What is needed when preparing for rapid - emergency equipment: ZOLL, suction, ambu bag, ventilator, medications, CO2
sequence intubation? detector
- stethoscope
- restraints
Why are restraints needed for rapid patient will try to pull the tube out when they wake up
sequence intubation?
- all ACLS medications
What medications do you need present - sedation
for rapid sequence intubation? - pressors
- paralytics
- x ray = gold standard
- capnography
How is intubation placement confirmed?
- auscultation: want lung sounds on both sides
- chest rise and fall
Why is auscultation used for listening to hear if breath sounds are on both sides
intubation placement?
2/
9
PM
NURS 480 OXYGENATION EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Terms in this set (229)
Define gas exchange the exchange of O2 and CO2 at the alveoli
SOB, DOR, DOE, tachypnea, dyspnea, nasal flaring, accessory muscle use, pursed
What are the s/s of respiratory distress? lip breathing, tripod positioning, diaphragmatic breathing, fatigue, cyanosis,
anxious, restless, confused, pallor
- inadequate ventilation
- inadequate oxygenation/diffusion
What are some causes of impaired
- problem with perfusion
oxygenation?
- damage at alveolar level (decreased surfactant, excess fluid, infection i.e pus,
exudate, consolidation)
What does impaired gas exchange look s/s of respiratory distress
like?
- Ventilation: the movement of air in and out of the lungs
Contrast ventilation, diffusion, and - Diffusion: the actual gas exchange
perfusion - Perfusion: The blood available to carry O2 rich RBCs from alveoli to cells and
CO2 saturated cells to alveoli to eliminate
It is the combination of ipratropium bromide with albuterol.
- albuterol is short acting
What is DuoNeb?
- ipratropium is longer acting
- as albuterol wears off, ipratropium peaks
- low phos; weakened diaphragm muscles
- fibrotic lungs
- damaged thoracic cage
What are some conditions that lead to
- brain injury
ventilation problems?
- poor neuro status
- respiratory disease
- fatigue/anxiety
- Low Hb (like in CKD)
What are some conditions leading to
- inability of Hb to bind with O2 (high vs low affinity); seen with carbon monoxide
oxygen transport problems?
- sickle cell
1. combustion
2.oxygen-induced hypoventilation (reason why we don't want COPD patients at
100% O2)
Know some of the complications of O2
3.oxygen toxicity
delivery
4.Absorption atelectasis (new onset of crackles/decreased breath sounds)
5. Drying of mucous membranes
6.Infection (keep nasal cannula clean)
What is absorption atelectasis? New onset of crackles/decreased breath sounds following O2 delivery
What is hypercarbia? retention of CO2
What is CO2 narcosis? Loss of sensitivity to high levels of CO2
- nasal cannula
- face mask (simple, partial, nonrebreather)
List the noninvasive methods of
- High flow nasal cannula (vapotherm)
supplemental O2
- venturi mask
- BiPap and CPap
1/
9
, 4/11/25, 8:42
PM
What are some nursing considerations for mobility, epistaxis, pressure ulcers
high flow nasal cannula?
• Respiratory diseases
• Neuromuscular diseases
• Diaphragmatic weakness
• Bronchiolitis
• Pneumonia
• Sleep-related breathing disorders
What kinds of patients need BiPAP or
• Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
CPAP?
• Hypoxia
• Hypercapnia
• Acute respiratory failure
• Acute asthma
• Cystic fibrosis
• Alternative to intubation, if applicable, or as support after intubation
CPAP: delivers same pressures on inspiration and expiration
CPAP vs. BiPAP
BiPAP: High pressures with inspiration, lower pressures with expiration
• respiratory arrest
• apnea
• uncontrolled vomiting
• inability to protect the airway
What are the absolute contraindications
• untreated pneumothorax
for CPAP?
• acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding
• recent gastric, laryngeal, or esophageal surgery
• facial or airway trauma.
• sometimes hemodynamic instability
(Artificial/invasive airways)
- endotracheal tube
List the invasive supplemental O2 - nasotracheal tube
- tracheostomy
- laryngeal mask airway (LMA)
What are the advantages of LMA no tracheal injury during tube installation and removal, less airway stimulation, less
compared to tracheal intubation? invasion of the airway tissue, easier installation, and efficient establishment
- continuous VS monitoring
- patient IV access (x2)
What is needed when preparing for rapid - emergency equipment: ZOLL, suction, ambu bag, ventilator, medications, CO2
sequence intubation? detector
- stethoscope
- restraints
Why are restraints needed for rapid patient will try to pull the tube out when they wake up
sequence intubation?
- all ACLS medications
What medications do you need present - sedation
for rapid sequence intubation? - pressors
- paralytics
- x ray = gold standard
- capnography
How is intubation placement confirmed?
- auscultation: want lung sounds on both sides
- chest rise and fall
Why is auscultation used for listening to hear if breath sounds are on both sides
intubation placement?
2/
9
